Sunscreen Products Research Articles

Direct Evidence of Microbial Sunscreen Production by Scum-Forming Cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea.

Mycosporine-like amino acids are water-soluble secondary metabolites that protect photosynthetic microorganisms from ultraviolet radiation. Here, we present direct evidence for the production of these compounds in surface scums of cyanobacteria along the Baltic Sea coast. We collected 59 environmental samples from the southern coast of Finland during the summers of 2021 and 2022 and analysed them using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results revealed the presence of microbial sunscreens in nearly all surface scum samples. Mycosporine-like amino acids are synthesised through the coordinated action of four biosynthetic enzymes encoded in a compact biosynthetic pathway. Bioinformatics analysis of the mysB biosynthetic gene from a surface scum indicated that the cyanobacteria responsible for production belonged to the Anabaena/Dolichospermum/Aphanizomenon species complex. We mapped the distribution of biosynthetic enzymes onto a phylogenomic tree, utilising 120 bacterial single-copy conserved genes from 101 draft or complete genomes within the species complex. This analysis showed that 48% of identified species possess the ability to produce these compounds, with biosynthetic pathways being most common in Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon strains. We detected the production of porphyra-334 and shinorine, two widely reported family members, in Dolichospermum strains isolated from the Gulf of Finland's surface layer. The estimated content of porphyra-334 in Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0684 was 7.4 mg per gram dry weight. Our results suggest that bloom-forming cyanobacteria could be a potential source of these compounds for cosmetic and biotechnological applications and may play a significant role in cyanobacterial bloom formation.

Potential of Natural-Based Sun Protection Factor (SPF): A Systematic Review of Curcumin as Sunscreen

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun significantly damages the skin, leading to premature aging, hyperpigmentation, and oxidative stress that disrupts skin homeostasis. UV radiation increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), accelerating skin deterioration. Although sunscreens remain the primary method for UV protection, chemical-based formulations are often associated with side effects, such as allergic reactions and acne. To address these concerns, the inclusion of natural ingredients in sunscreen formulations has gained attention. Curcumin, an active compound found in turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), is well-known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review explores the potential of curcumin as a natural ingredient for enhancing the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of sunscreen products. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 200 articles sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed using keywords such as “Curcumin”, “Curcuma”, “Antioxidant”, “Anti-Inflammatory”, and “Sun Protection Factor”. Studies unrelated to UV protection were excluded. The findings, presented in tabular form, indicate that curcumin and Curcuma exhibit significant potential to enhance SPF values due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and UV-absorbing properties. Additionally, curcumin may aid in skin repair following UV-induced damage. However, the specific concentration of curcumin in various Curcuma species remains unknown, and further research is necessary to determine its optimal use. Consideration of additional excipients in sunscreen formulations is also required to maximize efficacy. In conclusion, curcumin demonstrates considerable promise as a sustainable and effective natural ingredient for protecting the skin from UV radiation, offering a safer alternative to conventional chemical-based sunscreens.

Photoprotection and antioxidant activity of eumelanin from Streptomyces lasalocidi NTB 42 and its photoprotective effects on Schizosaccharomyces pombe ARC039.

This study evaluated the photoprotective and antioxidant properties of eumelanin derived from Streptomyces lasalocidi NTB 42 (eumelanin NTB 42). This study also investigated the cellular-level photoprotective effects of eumelanin using Schizosaccharomyces pombe ARC039 as a model organism and its ability to enhance the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of commercial sunscreens. The thermal and light stability and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed. Antioxidant activity was assessed using hydroxyl radicals (OH), and superoxide anions (O2.-) radical-scavenging assays. The efficacy of photoprotection was determined using various in vitro methods, yeast cell viability assays, and enhanced SPF values of commercial sunscreen products. Eumelanin NTB 42 exhibited both thermal and photostabilities. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were reported as 88.82±0.68mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 53.24±2.66mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, respectively, representing the first report on microbial eumelanin. Eumelanin NTB 42 demonstrated significant scavenging activity against OH and O2.-. It also displays notable photoprotective effects against UV-B radiation, offering broad-spectrum coverage and optimal protection against UV-A radiation. It effectively acted as a sunblock against UV-A and UV-B radiation. Furthermore, eumelanin NTB 42 enhanced S. pombe ARC039 cell viability after exposure to UV-B and UV-C for 30-90min. It also augmented the SPF value of commercial products at a minimum concentration of 0.0025%. These findings highlight the potential antioxidant and photoprotective properties of eumelanin NTB 42, suggesting its applicability as a raw material for sunscreen formulations in the cosmetic industry.

The Preparation of Nano-Titanium Dioxide and Its Healthcare Effects in Cosmetics

Cosmetics are an integral part of daily life. Nowadays, cosmetics are endowed with more healthcare functions while meeting people's needs for beauty enhancement. Nano-titanium dioxide plays a crucial role in their formulation because of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. As a new type of nanomaterial, nano-titanium dioxide has excellent properties. This paper explores the properties, preparation methods, applications, and potential hazards associated with nano-titanium dioxide in cosmetics. The study highlights its strong ultraviolet (UV) shielding capabilities, which are used in sunscreen products. The nano-titanium dioxide has good dispersibility and weather resistance. The preparation methods included sol-gel, hydrothermal, vapor deposition, and oxide reduction methods. The paper further discusses the use of nano-titanium dioxide in various cosmetic products such as sunscreens, lotions, and gels. Despite its advantages, the paper also displays safety concerns related to skin exposure, inhalation, and oral intake of nano-titanium dioxide. The material poses certain risks, its beneficial properties make it a valuable component in the cosmetic industry. The nano-titanium dioxide significantly enhances the functionality of cosmetics. This work contributes to its widespread use in the future.

Synthesis of triangular lignin photonic crystal nanoparticles: Investigating solvent effects and dialysis optimization.

Synthesizing nanoparticles with controlled shapes has been highly desirable for nanoparticle assembly research but is fraught with challenges. While the production of traditional spherical lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) has evolved as a solution to address the highly changeable and complex chemical structure of lignin, more complicated geometries with photonic nature are still needed for optical applications. This work represents the first study to fabricate a novel triangular lignin photonic crystal nanoparticle via a green technique that combines solvent shifting and acid precipitation. This new model system has successfully produced LNPs with different structural architectures, ranging from spherical shapes to triangular plates. The structural transformation and formation mechanism of LNPs were investigated through various techniques. The nanotriangles grow depending on the employed solvents with dialysis, which involve controlled nucleation, Ostwald ripening-driven growth, particle coalescence, and geometric optimization. The isolated LNPs displayed excellent hydrophobic properties and remarkable UV-blocking efficiency. Furthermore, they preserved nearly the same zeta potential in aqueous suspensions over 6 months of storage, which is considered highly stable for colloidal systems. Thus, this simple method provides a sustainable and straightforward route for producing triangular LNPs with a wide range of potential applications in sunscreen products.

A Scopic Review on Niosomes: Current Status of Approved Products and their Application in Cosmetics

Background: Niosomes have emerged as a promising vesicular drug delivery technol-ogy due to their applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics sectors. Their unique properties, including their amphiphilic characteristics and ability to self-assemble, make them highly adapta-ble for encapsulating both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. Objective: The current study aims to provide a concise description of previously published data on the usage and applications of niosomes in cosmetics. It also seeks to conduct a thorough as-sessment of this data, focusing on their composition, production methods, and performance-related variables. Methods: This review examines the makeup and arrangement of niosomes, with particular atten-tion to their amphiphilic properties and self-assembly capabilities. The analysis includes various cosmetic applications of niosomes, exploring their role in delivering different cosmetic ingredi-ents such as antioxidants, vitamins, and peptides. Results: Niosomes have been effectively used in various cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and color cosmetics. They facilitate the delivery of active ingredients in anti-aging creams, moisturizers, sunscreen products, hair conditioners, and face washes. The ability of nio-somes to encapsulate diverse substances enhances the performance and efficacy of these cosmetic products. Conclusion: Niosomes represent a versatile and effective delivery system in the cosmetics indus-try. Their capacity to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances makes them suitable for a wide range of cosmetic applications, significantly improving the delivery and performance of cosmetic ingredients across different product categories.

A novel approach for unveiling co-occurrence patterns of UV filter mixtures in sunscreens: Prioritization for hazard and risk assessment.

In recent years, concerns regarding the toxicity of organic UV filters in sunscreen products have increased. While sunscreen products contain multiple UV filters in combination, current understanding on their co-occurrence patterns and mixture toxicities is still limited. This study utilized a public database, "Hwahae", and analyzed 2183 sunscreen products marketed in South Korea as of 2019, using an association rule mining (ARM) to elucidate their co-occurrence patterns. We identified twenty-two UV filters in the sunscreen products, with titanium dioxide (TiO2) being the most prevalent (68 %), followed by ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC, 60 %) and ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS, 49 %). Sunscreen products typically contained a median of five UV filters per product. Usage patterns of UV filter mixtures varied by the target user group of the product, i.e., general, susceptible, and male users. EHMC and EHS were commonly combined in most products, except those marketed for susceptible users. For susceptible users, inorganic UV filters such as TiO2 and zinc oxide (ZnO) were dominantly used. Combinations of UV filters that provide protection against different types of UV light, e.g., butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) for UVA, and octocrylene (OCT), EHS, or homosalate (HS) for UVB, were also frequently used together, with high lift values. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that ARM approach can be useful to identify major combinations of UV filters present in sunscreen products, and prioritize the UV filter combinations requiring safety assessment and regulatory attention.

Synthetic lignin derived from ferulic acid for UV-blocking sunscreen.

Conventional lignin, a dehydrogenated polymer derived primarily from hydroxycinnamic alcohol monomers, exhibits relatively low antioxidant and ultraviolet (UV)-blocking activities due to its structural imperfection. Herein, we demonstrated that the dehydrogenated polymer of ferulic acid (an unconventional lignin precursor) (FAL) had excellent antioxidant and UV-blocking properties. Structural characterization showed that FAL contains abundant dihydrobenzofuran and butyrolactone structures, free phenolic hydroxyl groups, and cinnamic acid end groups. Such structural characteristics endow FAL with much higher antioxidant activity and broader and stronger UV absorptivity (especially UVA) than conventional lignins. Our investigation showed that FAL could significantly improve the UV-blocking property of commercial SPF30 and SPF50 and render a relatively light color. These versatile properties make the FAL a potential ingredient for application in sunscreen products. This work is enlightening not only for exploring better antioxidant and UV-blocking polymers from the dehydrogenated polymers of phenolic compounds but also for biosynthesizing more advantageous lignin in plants.

PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF PLANT-BASED DERIVATIVES IN SUNSCREEN: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO SKIN PROTECTION

The Sun, while essential for life, can cause significant harm through prolonged exposure, particularly due to UV radiation. This can lead to various skin problems, including accelerated aging, hyperpigmentation, loss of elasticity, and even skin cancer. This paper provides an overview of different types of sunscreens, their history and classifications as per their mechanism of action. Protecting the skin from sun damage is vital, and sunscreen is one of the most effective prevention methods. With the growing influence of social media highlighting its importance, most people now recognize the need for daily sunscreen use. Available worldwide, sunscreens offer a wide variety of formulations to suit individual needs. The following section will explore potential phytoconstituents that can be incorporated into sunscreen products as an alternative to synthetic filters. KEYWORDS: Sunscreen, UV A, UV B, UV C, skin cancer, Sun Protection Factor, Physical sunscreen, Chemical sunscreen, Systemic sunscreen, Sustainable, Plant-based derivatives, Ozone layer, Lignin, Rosmarinic Acid, Eucheuma cottonii, Hylocereus polyrhizus, L-Ergothioneine, Moringa oleifera, Padina australis, Pterocarpus marsupium, Rutin succinate, Salicornia europaea, Sargassum glaucescens, Scytonemin, Sorbates, Strychnos af. darienensis, Fucoxanthin

How Individuals Apply and Perceive Sunscreen: Empirical Evidence from Germany

Introduction: This study explores how individuals in Germany use and perceive sunscreen, aiming to identify the factors that influence their sunscreen choices. The research focuses on key elements such as convenience, environmental awareness, openness to new technologies, and preferences for different sunscreen products. Methods: We gather data with a questionnaire among 203 individuals from Germany. Results: The findings reveal that the majority of participants prioritize convenience when selecting sunscreen, often choosing products that are easy to apply and carry. Detailed information about the sunscreen’s ingredients or health benefits tends to be less important in their decision-making process. Notably, many participants did not consider important factors such as the environmental impact of sunscreen or its effectiveness after reapplication, suggesting a gap in awareness regarding these issues. Additionally, the study investigates the relationship between demographic factors, including age and sex, and sunscreen usage patterns. It was found that these demographic variables do play a role in shaping individuals’ attitudes and behaviors regarding sunscreen. For instance, younger participants showed more openness to new technologies and innovative products, while older individuals tended to rely on traditional options. Conclusion: Overall, this research provides valuable insights into how people perceive and use sunscreen in Germany, highlighting the need for further studies to delve deeper into these factors. Understanding these perceptions is crucial for developing effective public health strategies and enhancing product design to better meet the needs and preferences of consumers.

The Potential of Natural Compounds in UV Protection Products.

Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation mainly leads to skin disorders (erythema, burns, immunosuppression), skin aging, and skin cancer as the most serious side effect. It has been widely accepted that using sunscreen products is an important way to protect against the harmful effects of UV rays. Although commercial sunscreens have constantly changed and improved over time, there are emerging concerns about the safety of conventional, organic, UV filters due to adverse effects on humans (such as photoallergic dermatitis, contact sensitivity, endocrine-disrupting effects, etc.) as well as accumulation in the environment and aquatic organisms. This is why natural compounds are increasingly being investigated and used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical sunscreens. Some of these compounds are widely available, non-toxic, safer for use, and have considerable UV protective properties and less side effects. Plant-based compounds such as flavonoids can absorb UVA and UVB rays and possess antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects that contribute to photoprotection. Apart from flavonoids, other natural products such as certain vegetable oils, carotenoids, stilbenes, and ferulic acid also have UV-absorbing properties. Some vitamins might also be beneficial for skin protection due to their antioxidant activity. Therefore, the aim of this research was to gain insight into the potential of natural compounds to replace or reduce the amount of conventional UV filters, based on recent research.

Perilaku Konsumen Pembelian Produk Tabir Surya Pendekatan Theory of Planned Behavior

Indonesia has become one of the countries with significantly high sales in the beauty product industry, particularly sunscreen products. Various brands strive to attract consumer attention by offering different innovations and benefits. Consequently, companies need to find ways to increase awareness and consumer loyalty towards sunscreen products by understanding factors such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This research was conducted with the main objective of understanding consumer purchasing behavior of sunscreen products through the TPB approach. Additionally, this study was conducted to provide theoretical benefits by enhancing insights and knowledge related to consumer behavior, especially in terms of consumer decision-making and consumer loyalty based on the TPB approach. The sampling method used was non-probability sampling, specifically purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with a sample size of 199 respondents. The results of this study prove that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control have a positive impact on consumer decisions directly or indirectly through consumer loyalty. Moreover, consumer decision-making positively influences consumer loyalty. This research contributes to companies in designing marketing strategies to shape consumer decision-making and consumer loyalty towards sunscreen products. Keywords: Theory of Planned Behavior, Attitude, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavioral Control, Consumer Decisions, Consumer Loyalty.

Analysis Based on Three Aspects of Sunscreen

With the increasing awareness of health, people’s awareness of UV protection is also gradually improving. Sunscreen with UV protection has become an indispensable part of people’s daily lives. The market size of China’s sunscreen market will reach 74.2 billion yuan in 2023, and it is expected to grow to 95.8 billion yuan by 2026. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the safety, effectiveness, and environmental friendliness of sunscreen from three perspectives, and discuss the reliability of SPF human testing, improving the stability of sunscreen use, and the cost of new environmentally friendly materials. Through analysis, it is found that there are still shortcomings in the current SPF testing methods, production costs of environmentally friendly materials, and promotion of correct application methods for sunscreen. Subsequently, appropriate adjustments were made to the testing methods and material formulations of sunscreen, as well as recommendations for the selection and correct application of sunscreen. However, the long-term safety of nanomaterials still needs to be further explored. Due to the rapid development of research technology for sunscreen products and the diversification of market products, it is necessary to review the safety, effectiveness, and environmental friendliness of current sunscreen products.

Personal care products use during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Environmental and public health impact assessment using wastewater-based epidemiology

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had profound consequences on people's wellbeing, societies and economy worldwide. This manuscript discusses public exposure to chemicals of concern in personal care products (parabens and benzophenones) during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These were monitored for two years in four catchments (two cities and two towns) in South West England accounting for >1 million people. Results showed slightly higher usage of personal care products in small towns than big cities. Major changes in usage of parabens (p values < 0.05) were observed during national lockdowns (NLs). This is likely due to increased awareness towards personal hygiene. In contrast, benzophenones showed seasonal trends; there were higher correlations with sunshine prevalence and temperature rather than NLs reflecting their usage in sunscreen products. Estimation of per capita intake of parabens and benzophenones using WBE revealed lower intake than the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) established by the EFSA; however, the metabolism factor used was considered putative due to the lack of pharmacokinetic studies. Prediction of environmental exposure revealed peaks of higher impact during NLs and first year of pandemic, nevertheless the overall predicted values were below Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNEC).

How Well Do Employees Know Their Health Savings Accounts? The Need for Improved HSA Communication and Literacy

Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) have been around for two decades, with record funds accruing in accounts year-after-year. Despite this growth, little is known regarding how well consumers know what they can spend their HSA funds on to maximize their accounts’ tax advantages. A survey of HSA savers at a large Midwest organization ( n = 732) found that about 1-in-4 employees (29.1%) were unsure or did not know their HSA contributions were not federally taxed. Additionally, employees knew that fewer than half of items asked about (M = 4.71) on a 10-item HSA-eligible quiz could be purchased with HSA funds. Employees had the least awareness that hand sanitizer (22.5%), sunscreen (27.2%), and menstrual care products (33.1%) could be purchased with HSA funds. Knowledge or perceptions did not differ based on employee education level, indicating that HSAs are likely a complicated topic for anyone to fully comprehend. These findings showcase a need to develop more effective communication to help employees better understand the unique benefits HSAs can provide. Additional recommendations for employers are provided.

Photoprotective Effects of Yeast Pulcherrimin.

Sunscreen products can protect the skin against the harmful effects of UV radiation, including reddening, aging, and cancer. The aim of this research was to evaluate the photoprotective effects of yeast pulcherrimin, an iron-chelating dipeptide. We first investigated the cytotoxicity of pulcherrimin produced by Metschnikowia pulcherrima yeast on the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line, using the PrestoBlue assay. We assessed the ability of pulcherrimin to induce DNA repair after the exposure of HaCaT cells to oxidative stress. We also evaluated its protective activity against UVC radiation. The sun protective factor (SPF) was calculated using the Mansur equation. The UVA/UVB ratio values for pure pulcherrimin were evaluated using the Boots Star Rating system. The critical wavelength was determined by calculating the integrated optical density curve area. Based on the results, pulcherrimin shows strong cytoprotective effects through antioxidant and photoprotective activities on the HaCaT cell line. The calculated SPFs were 20 and 15 at pH = 7 and pH = 10, respectively. The critical wavelength above 370 nm and the UVA/UVB ratio R > 1 suggest that yeast pulcherrimin-a cyclic dipeptide containing iron-may be considered a promising photoprotective agent.

Structural, morphological and optical properties of the La2W2O9/Fe2O3 composite for UV-shielding applications

Currently, research has been conducted on the individual oxides La2W2O9 and Fe2O3 but not on its composite form. Using a solid-state reaction technique, a La2W2O9/Fe2O3 composite was created. A particular calcination cycle was followed by mixing the raw precursors. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphological microstructure, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the structural characteristics. The thermal and gravimetric properties were examined via differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The optical characteristics were investigated via UV–visible spectroscopy, which investigated included the transmittance, absorbance, absorption coefficient, band gap (Eg), penetration depth (β), Urbach energy (EU), refractive index, optical conductivity, and dielectric function. These findings indicate that the optical properties improved after the addition of Fe2O3 compared with those of pure La2W2O9. The La2W2O9/Fe2O3 composite holds promise as a prospective material for use in the fields of sunscreen products, UV shielding or solar filtration.

Sun Protection as a Strategy for Managing Heat Stress in Avocado Trees.

The increasing incidence of heat stress due to global climate change poses a significant challenge to avocado (Persea americana) cultivation, particularly in regions with intense solar radiation. This review evaluates sun protection strategies, focusing on the efficacy of different sunscreen products such as kaolin, titanium dioxide, and calcium oxide in mitigating thermal stress in avocado trees. The application of these materials was shown to reduce leaf and fruit surface temperatures, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and enhance fruit quality by preventing sunburn and dehydration. Despite these benefits, challenges remain, including the optimal timing and dosage of application, and the potential residue impacts on fruit marketability. The review emphasizes the need for ongoing research to develop more effective formulations and to integrate these sun protection strategies with other agronomic practices. The role of extension services in educating producers about the proper use of these technologies is also highlighted as crucial for the successful adoption of sun protection measures in avocado farming.

Exploring everyday racist symbolism in community recreation spaces: a critical race content analysis

ABSTRACT There has been a palpable shift in the public’s collective consciousness about the realities of racism in recent years. Community recreation organizations, like all other institutions, are not exempt from promoting racial inequity through taken for granted policies and practices. The purpose of this study was to explore some of the racist symbolism found within everyday artifacts at local community centres in a sub-urban area of Ontario, Canada. A Critical Race Content Analysis methodology was used to analyze bandages, promotional materials, and sunscreen. This study found that bandages in first aid supplies were exclusively for White skin tones, images in promotional materials featured mostly White people, and the sunscreen products stocked were not made for dark skinned folx. A discussion on the implications of each finding is provided followed by limitations and recommendations for research and practice.

The Potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Essential Oil as Sunscreen and Anti-Aging Agents: An In Vitro and In Silico Study

The earth thermal conditions increase exposure to sunlight, triggering skin damage. The skin has defense mechanisms but needs additional protection to prevent photoaging. Using sunscreen is an effort to reduce the harmful effects of sun exposure. Natural ingredients with antioxidant activity can be developed into sunscreen and antiaging products, including cloves. This study aims to assess the antioxidant, sun protection, and anti-aging properties of essential oils derived from clove leaves and buds. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the DPPH system and then formulated into 5 and 10 % clove leaves cream, as well as 5 and 10 % clove bud cream. The SPF values were assessed using a spectrophotometer and the Mansur formula. The antiaging potential was assessed using the in silico method with MMP-1 protein employing the Auto Dock Vina software, followed by analysis and visualization using BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The essential oils from clove leaves and buds have DPPH IC50 values of 23.09 and 30.31 ppm. The SPF values of clove leaves essential oil, 5 % leaves cream, and 10 % leaves cream are 38.61, 14.32, and 22.15. Meanwhile, the SPF values of clove bud essential oil, 5 % bud cream, and 10 % bud cream are 38.19, 9.32, and 18.16. The in silico test revealed that caryophyllene, eugenol, humulene, and phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl), acetate) have strong interactions because they can interact with the active site of proteins using hydrogen, hydrophobic, and van der Waals bonds. The essential oils from clove leaves and buds exhibit very strong antioxidant activity and offer ultra-protection as a sunscreen. The cream formulations still exhibit sunscreen activity, albeit at a lower level compared to pure essential oil. Caryophyllene, eugenol, humulene, and phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-, acetate), have potential as antiaging agents, as indicated by their binding affinity and chemical bond interactions observed in the in silico test. HIGHLIGHTS Clove buds and leaves exhibit antioxidant properties. Essential oil from clove buds and leaves demonstrates a substantial Sun Protection Factor (SPF). The compounds contained in clove essential oil exhibit promise as prospective agents in anti-aging applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT