Production Of Social Housing Research Articles

New neoliberal public housing policies: between centrality discourse and peripheralization practices in Santiago, Chile

The lack of geographical equality in the development of neoliberal social housing models is evidence of differing ideological discourses and socio-spatial practices in the production of social housing. Based on a critical analysis of the Housing Policy for Quality Improvement and Social Integration promoted in Chile in 2006—the basis for a set of subsequent policies—this study seeks to identify the link between state discourse promoting further urban centralization of social housing and neoliberal subsidy allocation practices that have shaped the geography of recent residential production (2007–2012). Using an ideological critique and a descriptive spatial analysis to assess the notions of urban centrality, we found that equality and integration form the rhetoric used to legitimize and reproduce practices that lead to peripheralization of the poor. These practices are not limited to the city but have expanded to the extended urban area, creating a larger niche for the real estate industry.

Real estate production, geographies of mobility and spatial contestation: A two-case study in Santiago de Chile

This paper addresses the links between real estate production, transport infrastructure and class-related spatial tensions in the context of urban neoliberalism in Chile. As case studies we focus on two of the most intensely redeveloping areas in Santiago, the Estación Central municipality in inner Santiago which experiences rapid high-rise property-led redevelopment, and the peri-urban growth zone of Chicureo in the municipality of Colina. From the perspective of urban political economy and using mobility-related questionnaires, in-depth interviews with inhabitants and media analysis we detect important differences between inner-city and peri-urban dynamics. While the redeveloping inner area of Santiago, in spite of being an exclusionary space where lower income-oriented affordable housing is absent, is not a disputed space in terms of access to mobility means, the expanding fringes of the city show strong class-related differences among new and old inhabitants. It seems that with view to mobility opportunities urban neoliberalism has variegated geographies that at the same time might show temporarily positive (Estación Central) and very negative results (Chicureo). In terms of public policy these results indicate that the inner area of Santiago is an opportunity for locating social housing production, given the relatively equal access to mobility opportunity for the different income groups. In the meanwhile, the deepening of mobility-related inequalities on the urban peripheries is highly problematic and needs more scholarly and political attention.

Social Housing Production in Terms of Constructive Demolition and Quality of Life: The Example of Istanbul

There are widely different characteristics in the literature, as well as common features related to the concept of quality of life. In urban life, the quality of life is determined by the interaction of social, economic and physical environment and is directly related to the practices of central and local decision makers. Today, through the state and municipalities, social housing is being produced to solve low-income families' housing problems and to improve the quality of life in general. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the housing production based on the slum dwelling on the quality of life of households. A total of 506 surveys were conducted in 3 districts to assess the quality of life of residents in İstanbul. Accordingly, living situation (individual well-being, quality of life), physical (housing, shelter), environment (habitat, urban infrastructure), social (neighbourhood relations, family relations), economic (business, employment, income, indebtedness), access to services (transportation, municipal services) and 7 indicators, including general factors of life quality were identified. As a result of this study, the improvement of the quality of life of displaced slum dwellers and the improvement of the communication and communication ways of slum dwellers and decision makers are proposed.

Produção de cidade como projeto coletivo: a ação habitacional do Instituto dos Industriários (1937-1960)

Na perspectiva de debater a relação entre autoria e trabalho coletivo, este artigo traz questões sobre a ação de engenheiros e de arquitetos no âmbito das transformações do Estado a partir de 1930 no Brasil. A análise específica da conformação da Divisão de Engenharia do Instituto de Aposentadoria e Pensões dos Industriários (IAPI) busca divisar as principais ideias e as ações da produção habitacional das décadas de 1940 e 1950, para entender como os debates específicos do campo disciplinar da arquitetura e do urbanismo estiveram vinculados às dinâmicas de integração do país no sistema capitalista.

Latin American gentrifications

ABSTRACTCurrently, Latin American cities are seeing simultaneous processes of reinvestment and redevelopment in their historic central areas. These are not just mega-scale interventions like Porto Maravilha in Rio or Puerto Madero in Buenos Aires or the luxury renovations seen in Santa Fé or Nueva Polanco in Mexico City, they also include state-led, piecemeal, high-rise interventions in Santiago, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Panamá and Bogotá, all of which are causing the displacement of original populations and thus are forms of gentrification. Until very recently, these processes have been under-conceptualized and little critiqued in Latin America, but they deserve careful scrutiny, along with new forms of neighbourhood organization, activism and resistance. In this introduction, we begin that task, drawing on the work begun in an Urban Studies Foundation-funded workshop on Global Gentrification held in Santiago, Chile in 2012. Our aim is not just to understand these urban changes and conflicts as gentrification, but to empirically test the applicability of a generic understanding of gentrification beyond the usual narratives of/from the global North. From this investigation, we hope to nurture new critical narratives, to engage sensitively with indigenous theoretical narratives and to understand the dialectical interplay between state policies, financial markets, local politics and people. The papers in this special issue deal with the core issues of state power and urban policies (exerted at metropolitan and neighbourhood scales), the enormous influx of financial investment in derelict neighbourhoods that produces exclusion and segregation, the significant loss of urban heritage from rapidly “renewing” neighbourhoods and the institutional arrangements that can enable anti-displacement activism and self-managed social housing production.

La vente de logements sociaux à des particuliers

En 2007, des organismes Hlm français ont, à la demande de l'État, mis en vente une part du parc de logements qu'ils possèdent et louent à des ménages modestes. Ils ont ainsi imité des organisations gestionnaires de logements sociaux européennes, qui ont plus anciennement eu recours à ce dispositif. Leur expérience témoigne de la complexité du mécanisme de vente, de ses effets contrastés sur les marchés immobiliers ainsi que de ses impacts organisationnels. Nous montrons que la vente de logements sociaux à des particuliers a des effets comparables sur le système HLM français. Nous expliquons notamment en quoi, malgré un encadrement strict du dispositif qui en limite la portée, il contribue à la fois à diversifier l'activité des opérateurs français et à réorganiser leurs stratégies dans le sens d'une articulation entre vente et production, en particulier au sein des marchés immobiliers dits « tendus ». Cette articulation renouvelle les perspectives sur la résidualisation du logement social. Classification JEL : O18, R31, R38

Avaliação das políticas habitacionais na Região Metropolitana de Londrina-PR

O artigo apresenta a interpretação de resultados parciais da pesquisa “Direito à Moradia: aplicabilidade e efetividade dos instrumentos jurídicos na Região Metropolitana de Londrina-PR” iniciada em 2012 pela Universidade Estadual de Londrina. O contexto da produção de habitação de interesse social em Londrina, a partir dos anos de 1980 fornece subsídio de análise e reflexão sobre a operacionalização da política de habitação de interesse social no município, com destaque para os programas da década de 2000, em especial com a implantação do Residencial Vista Bela pelo Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, um dos maiores conjuntos habitacionais do Brasil, entregue à população nos anos de 2011 e 2012.

The emergence of large-scale housing programs: Beyond a public finance perspective

Over the past decade there has been a sudden, extraordinarily large, and simultaneous expansion of multi-billion dollar housing programs in many emerging and developing economies. This shift occurred after a long period of limited public involvement in social housing production. Yet, despite the fact that countries and cities have introduced such large-scale programs, there has been little independent analysis of the rationale, efficacy and potential long-term effects of these interventions. Adopting a perspective that expands beyond typical public finance approaches, this paper examines the renewed shift in public housing provision. It provides an outlook of recent experiences in housing provision, showcases general trends in housing, proposes an evaluation framework, and offers a series of recommendations aiming at strengthening the programs. The paper concludes that if large-scale housing assistance is to help accommodate the almost 2 billion additional people who will live in cities over the next 35 years, as well as help to address the growing housing affordability issues, much more attention should be paid to the lasting effects that such programs can have on the structure of cities for generations to come.

Habitação de interesse social em cenários de revalorização urbana: considerações a partir da experiência carioca

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para o debate acadêmico em torno da incorporação do componente habitacional nas recentes experiências de revalorização de áreas urbanas centrais brasileiras. São apresentadas as conclusões obtidas a partir de uma pesquisa sobre a produção habitacional de interesse social na área central do Rio de Janeiro. As reflexões expostas são apoiadas numa análise do Programa Novas Alternativas, criado em 1996 pelo poder público municipal com o objetivo declarado de fomentar a produção habitacional nos bairros centrais da capital fluminense. Realizamos uma revisão das publicações institucionais da prefeitura sobre o tema e entrevistas com o quadro técnico do programa. Através desses elementos buscamos desvendar os componentes discursivos que embasam as ações do poder público municipal carioca em sua prática de fomento à produção habitacional

Factors Affecting Motives for Housing Demand: The Case of a Turkish Province

1. INTRODUCTION Housing sets out noteworthy variability with respect to consumer perceived quality and prices, while this disaggregate behavior should be properly appreciated to make an accurate assessment as a means of future housing market policies (Han, 2010). Additionally, housing is adopted as both an investment and consumption good for owner-occupiers, and therefore, basic motives of households' decisions associated with their dwellings are their investment and consumption considerations (Ozdemir-Sari, 2014). The housing sector contributes to a wide range of dimensions such like financing, upgrading, repairs, management, valuation, taxation and population (Yetgin & Lepkova, 2007). Housing sector development in the developing countries has been subject to greater internationalism and it is increasingly taking the more comprehensive approach characterized by demographical and developmental factors (Pugh, 2001). Turkey has been experiencing a rapid process of population growth and urbanization in recent years and therefore several ways of rapid housing systems were exercised to solve the housing shortage problem (Altas & Ozsoy, 1998). A housing boom was considered as the basic characteristic of Turkey's formal housing sector from the beginning of urbanization in the 1950s until the late 1970s, while during the 1950s industrialization attempts and the increasing rate of urbanization ensured an occasion of consistently increasing demand for urban and land housing. Especially, massive migratory flows to a very few metropolitian centres were the initial determinant of growth in housing demand (Baharoglu, 1995). Between 1950 and 1980, Turkey suffered from high and sustained inflation and the supply of urban land and housing was limited by financial, technical, and institutional constraints. This circumstance led to the direction of the limited government funds for subsidizing the development of industry, not housing. Particularly, public investment was less than 10 percent of total housing investment, leaving more than 90 percent to the private sector (Yonder, 1987). Before 1980, the effect of cooperatives on the production of social housing was quiet low in the formal housing sector, while their contribution was 5% of total housing supply until the 1970s, however their share in the total housing production increased to 10%-15% between 1970 and 1980 (Turk & Altes, 2013). In 1980, economic regulations by the government led to housing deficit increase and housing investment decrease. When the government policies encouraged the improvement of the housing sector, not surprisingly, investment in housing increased. In that period, the establishment of the Mass Housing Fund and remarkable changes that support new dwelling unit construction were the most prominent initiatives (Yetgin & Lepkova, 2007). Many factors can be considered to be capable of having significant impacts on housing demand such as several concerns for the future, housing investment, achieving rental income, etc. The economics of housing demand is gradually evolving over the past decades, and consequently major improvements in measuring price and income terms, the joint modelling of tenure choice, mobility and demand, the availability of large databases can be regarded as the divergent determinants of the housing demand estimates (Goodman, 2002). For instance, in any time period household making a housing preference investigates the spatial locations of each type of housing and market prices of housing types at the corresponding locations (Quigley, 1976). In addition, the housing purchase at a given time will be relevant to both recent and the further prices and incomes, due to intertemporal life-time optimization that specifies the purchase of many types of goods and high transactions costs of changing the amount of purchased housing (Goodman, 1990). The objective of this study is to determine the factors affecting the motives for housing demand using a statistical analysis. …

The applicability of inclusionary housing (IH) in Turkey

Inclusionary housing (IH) is a means of using the planning system to create social housing and foster social inclusion by capturing market sector income. The literature is increasingly reporting on how different forms of IH work and on the impact of IH programmes on housing production for low-income groups. However, the issue has rarely been examined from the perspective of a country such as Turkey, where the formal market is not able to provide land for housing development for low-income groups. The aim of the article is to examine the present production of social housing and the applicability of IH by analysing the planning and housing systems in Turkey and discussing the applicability of land readjustment as a method of IH for the provision of social housing in Turkey.

Densifying to upgrading: strategies for improving the social hosing built stock in Italy

The world economic crisis has further depressed the Italian production of social housing but it dramatically increased the demand of affordable rental dwellings. A refurbishment and retrofitting campaign of the social housing stock appears to be as a credible and effective strategy, able to be applied in the short term to bring this gap, at least partially. Some results of a research in progress on the topic are presented in this paper. The first one is a classification model of the main typology of retrofitting and densification of social housing projects, issued from an investigation on several European case-studies. On this base, the research established a set of design criteria, able to couple the improvement of energy, functionality and comfort performances with the increasing of the use intensity of the built stock. Finally, an application of this method on a pilot-case is described.

La Gestión del Hábitat Articulada a Iniciativas Productivas para los Sectores de Bajos Recursos en Rosario (Argentina).

The city of Rosario and its surrounding areas have a population of 1,100,000 inhabitants, and it is located in the province of Santa Fe (Argentina). In this city the production of social housing is carried out basically from public organisms, while there are records of some experiences managed by cooperatives. In view of the last decade's crisis and for the conditions of poverty found in the slums is that the productive initiatives, supported by municipal organisms, appear on scene in order to palliate the lack of work. This paper focuses on projects of social housing connected with productive undertakings, developed by the articulation of various social actors. Different experiences which relate the habitat with productive initiatives for the low income sectors are taken as a reference: *Program Urban Agriculture. *Program Rosario Habitat. *Housing Cooperatives. Technical Assistance by Associations of Professionals. The research is oriented to formulate recommendations for the participating managenent of the social housing, and its articulation with productive undertakings. As part of the research, the organization of a Training Workshop is forseen as an instance of training for the management of the habitat, promoting multidisciplinary teams for projects of social housing connected with productive initiatives.

Vivienda social y violencia intrafamiliar: una relación inquietante. ¿Una política social que genera nuevos problemas sociales?

This paper states that the present state policy for the production of social housing has had a low innovating profile and it needs and urgent radical improvement. This is due to the form in which the invitations to tenders for construction, applications and allocation is done. The characteristics of the participants remain stratified and this gives the impression that everything is in order and working well. Contrary to this is the negative social impact which the quality of the produced habitat has which confirms the need for a twist in state housing policies.

Avec l'insertion par le logement, de nouvelles figures d'associations

New community stakeholders in insertion through housing The purposes and practices of associations working in favour of housing for the most disadvantaged are being modified by their legal recognition and their increasing weight in the social housing economy. The emergence of this market segment blurs the original difference between types of associations. Through their many actions, a new social and real estate system is being shaped in which the project logic, not without its contradictions, overrides that of the production of social housing.

Notas sobre estado, vivienda y población

Within the context of a systemic conception of the present socio economic order, public housing actions are part of State actions to set a general compatibility between the demands of the economic system and the requirement of the regulated system, expressed in the urge for social provisions functional with the reproduction of the labor force. The housing need is not therefore the main reason for the social action of the state and the disciplinary principles or architecture and urbanism are not the main criteria in the production of social housing. The logic on social housing responds to governmental legitimization needs coming in the first place from the demands of capitalist growth and then neighborhood administration. The processes of neighborhood dynamics can work in a wide range of housing adversity but the requirements of the capitalist development within the context of modernization and globalization of economy demand new relationships between the needs of human development and social housing.

The Closure of the Brazilian Housing Bank and Beyond

This paper analyses the continuing crisis of the Brazilian housing finance system in the second half of the 1980s and early 1990s. The paper assesses the impact of the closure of the Brazilian National Housing Bank in 1986 on future developments within the circuit of housing finance and in relation to social housing production. The paper briefly analyses the SEAC scheme, set up during the Sarney government (1985-89) and the MAS/CEF housing programme, set up during the Collor government (1990-92). The paper adds to a previous Urban Studies paper which focuses on developments in the first half of the 1980s.

The geographic distribution of social housing in Ontario, Canada: Comparing public housing and locally sponsored, third sector housing

Abstract This paper provides a perspective on the contemporary debate over the production of social housing. Its main focus is on the issue that geographic patterns of service levels may be related to the type of supply program in place. The paper describes the social housing programs in Ontario, Canada over the post‐war period. Two main approaches have been taken: public housing, an essentially centralized program; and locally sponsored, third sector housing provided through non‐profit corporations and co‐operatives. The programs operated in different time periods and the analysis suggests they do have distinctive geographic distributions. The distribution of public housing shows strong correlations with need as defined by the incidence of poor housing conditions and mother‐led families. Provision under the localized program is also strongly correlated with the incidence of mother‐led families; however, the most consistent associations are with measures of socio‐economic status. These results may be part...

The organization of building projects: an Anglo/French comparison

The paper reports the results of a comparative research project on the organization of the production of social housing in Great Britain and France. Comparing two matched projects longitudinally using the methodology croiee, the analysis compares and contrasts the structure and process of the two projects. The British project is identified as being characterized by risk shedding, cost control and the externalization of variability, while the French one is characterized by risk sharing, cost reduction and the internalization of variability. Placing the case projects in the context of the contracting systems of the two countries, the three Cs of contracting systems are identified - conception, construction and control. In conclusion, it is argued that it is from the organization of contracting systems that competitive advantage in the emerging European construction industry will be derived.