Production Of Silver Nanoparticles Research Articles

Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Enhancing Optimization Reaction, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties with Lantana camara from Geothermal Area

Green synthesis methods for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in medical applications. Despite the known potential of Lantana camara in AgNP synthesis, there is a lack of studies investigating its application when grown in extreme geothermal environments, which may influence the properties and efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles. This research aimed to fabricate AgNPs utilizing aqueous extract from Lantana camara, a plant growing in an extreme geothermal manifestation area. Another aim of this study is to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of the plant's leaves were also conducted. Reaction optimization was performed using response surface methodology (RSM), employing a central composite design (CCD) approach. The characterization of AgNPs involved UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and PSA. The antimicrobial testing was conducted against Gram-positive bacterium (S. aureus), Gram-negative bacterium (E. coli), and the fungus (C. albicans). The phytochemicals analysis revealed that the L. camara leaf extract contains flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, and steroids, lacking alkaloids and terpenoids, with total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 11.94 mg (GAE/g) and 6.70 mg (QE/g), respectively. The AgNPs exhibited a spherical shape with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at a wavelength of 417 nm, and the smallest particle size measured was 44 nm. Based on FTIR analysis, AgNPs have functional groups such as OH, NH, C=C, and CH that were identified as groups involved in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 during the green synthesis of AgNPs. The AgNPs demonstrated the lowest antifungal activity against C. albicans. In summary, the aqueous leaf extract of L. camara from geothermal manifestation areas can serve as a bioreductant for AgNPs, exhibiting higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative ones.

Dicarboxylate cellulose nanofibrils-supported silver nanoparticles as a novel, green, efficient and recyclable catalyst for 4-nitrophenol and dyes reduction

This study reports dicarboxylate cellulose nanofibrils (DCNF) as a novel reducing and supporting agent for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with high efficiency (63.82 % reduction) and loading (6.88 %) using UV light. Unlike previous research, AgNPs formation with DCNF doesn't involve cellulose oxidation. Instead, it appears to involve a loss of carboxyl groups from DCNF. In comparative studies, pristine CNF (PCNF) and TEMPO-oxidized CNF (TOCNF) were also examined for AgNPs production. The resulting AgNPs from DCNF exhibited a significantly smaller average size (3.9 ± 0.7 nm) compared to those from PCNF (26.9 ± 10.9 nm) and TOCNF (13.5 ± 4.5 nm). Catalytic activity evaluation by the 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction reaction revealed a high rate constant of 8.47× 10−3 s−1 by AgNPs/DCNF, which surpassed AgNPs/TOCNF (1.79 × 10−3 s−1) and AgNPs/PCNF (0.63 × 10−3 s−1) by 4.7 and 13.4 times, respectively. Besides 4-NP, AgNPs/DCNF aerogels were also applied for methyl orange and Rhodamine B dyes reduction. The aerogels showed excellent reusability, maintaining over 95 % conversion even after five cycles and also effective in treating real samples and mixed dye solutions. This study opens the door for future research exploring DCNF as a support material for various metal, metal oxide, and carbon nanoparticles.

Computational metal-flavonoids complexes presentation of greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles combined flavonoids from Lens culinaris L. as anticancer agents using BcL-2 and IspC proteins

Lens culinaris L., has been widely recognized for its medical applications. LC-ESI-TOF-MS identified 22 secondary metabolites including phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanidin glycosides among its total extract (LCTE). The study aimed to apply LCTE as a biogenic material for reducing and capping the silver nanoparticles (LC-AgNPs). The ynthesized LC-AgNPs were characterized using different techniques. The UV absorption was observed at λ max 379 nm. LC-AgNPs were spherical, with 19.22 nm average size. The face cubic centre nature was demonstrated by HR-TEM and XRD. The LC-AgNPs were then evaluated for their anticancer and antimicrobial potentials. LC-AgNPs showed an extremely potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG2 cell lines (IC50= 0.37, 0.35 and 0.1 µg/mL, respectively). LC-AgNPs induced significant apoptotic effects in the three examined cancer cell lines. LC-AgNPs resulted in sequestration of cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle in both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, meanwhile it trapped cells at the G2 phase in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of LC-AgNPs was highly confirmed against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Molecular docking study designated Kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside and Quercetin-3-D-xyloside as the topmost LCTE active constituents that caused inhibition of both Bcl-2 and IspC cancer targets in combination with the produced silver nanoparticles.

Effect of Environmental Factors on The Production of Silver Nanoparticles by Yeast Strains

In the presented work, the literature data on the influence of various environmental factors were analyzed on the formation of silver nanoparticles by yeast strains. It was determined that the optimal conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the yeast strain Saccharomyces ellipsoideus BSU-XR1 were on the 21st day of incubation, on 4-6 days of incubation in different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and between 2-10 days in Candida strains. The optimal amount of wet biomass was between 8 and 10 g for Candida strains and 10 g for Saccharomyces strains. The temperature limit for Saccharomyces was observed at 25-35°C, and for Candida at 25-37°C. For strains, synthesis of silver nanoparticles was optimal in the pH range of 4-10, and pH range of 7 for Candida strains. Depending on the concentration of AgN03 salt, the optimal synthesis of silver nanoparticles occurred at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM for Saccharomyces, and 1 mM for Candida. The optimal incubation conditions for both sexes were under dark environment.

Variability in growth and biosynthetic activity of Calendula officinalis hairy roots.

Calendula officinalis is a widespread medicinal plant with a sufficiently well-studied chemical composition. Secondary metabolites synthesized by C.officinalis plants have pharmacological value for treating numerous diseases, and various types of aseptic in vitro cultures can be used as a source of these compounds. From this perspective, hairy roots attract considerable attention for the production of bioactive chemicals, including flavonoids with antioxidant activity. This paper shows the possibility of C.officinalis hairy roots obtaining with 100% frequency by Agrobacterium rhizogenes genetic transformation. Hairy root lines differed in growth rate and flavonoid content. In particular, flavonoids were accumulated in the amount of up to 6.68 ± 0.28 mg/g of wet weight. Methyl jasmonate in the concentration of 10 µM inhibited root growth to a small extent but stimulated the synthesis of flavonoids. The antioxidant activity and the reducing power increased in the roots grown in the medium with methyl jasmonate. The strong correlation of antioxidant activity and reducing power with flavonoid content was detected. The influence of extraction conditions on the content of flavonoids in the extracts and their bioactivity was determined. The potent reducing activity of extracts from hairy roots allowed the production of silver nanoparticles, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy.

Silver nanoparticles synthesized using aerial part of Achillea fragrantissima and evaluation of their bioactivities

Achillea fragrantissima (A. fragrantissima), a desert plant, is used internally in Arabian traditional medicine to treat inflammatory, spasmodic gastrointestinal disorders, and hepatobiliary diseases. The study focuses on the environmentally friendly production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the water-based aerial parts of the A. fragrantissima plant and their ability to kill bacteria and cells. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to describe the AgNPs. They were then tested for their ability to fight cancer and bacteria. A change in colour from yellow to brown and a surface plasmon resonance peak at 440 nm, seen with UV-Vis spectroscopy, showed that AgNPs had formed. In a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) test of the aerial parts of A. fragrantissima, twenty bioactive components were found. These included isolongifolol and 3E,10Z-Oxacyclotrideca-3,10-diene-2,7-dione, methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptan-3-ol. The extract exhibited high phenolic and flavonoid content (77.52 ± 1.46 mg GAE/g dry weight and 59 ± 2.17 mg QE/g dry weight, respectively). According to the IC50 values of 17.2 ± 1.18 and 14 ± 2.43 µg/mL, the AgNPs had a lot of power to kill cancer cells from the MCF-7 and HepG2 lines. Some genes that cause cell death (caspase-3, 8, 9, and Bax) were turned on more in the treated cells compared to the control cells that had not been treated. These genes were Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. Additionally, substantial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria was found by antibacterial screening. Overall, this study underscores A. fragrantissima’s diverse biological activity and its potential in drug discovery and nanomedicine, promoting the development of natural antibacterial and anticancer therapies.

Green Synthesis of Dracocephalum kotschyi-Coated Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Potentials.

BACKGROUND The environmentally friendly production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical methods. This study focused on synthesizing AgNPs using extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi (D. kotschyi), a medicinal plant. MATERIAL AND METHODS The biosynthesis of AgNPs was monitored using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The role of phytoconstituents from D. kotschyi in stabilizing AgNPs was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy was used to determine the size, charge, and polydispersity of the nanoparticles, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to assess their morphology. We evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of the synthesized AgNPs against various bacteria, their antioxidant properties via a 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and their cytotoxic activity against the HeLa cervical cancer cell line. RESULTS The formation of AgNPs was indicated by a color change and the emergence of a surface plasmon resonance peak at 418 nm. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities. Morphology, size, and shape analysis revealed nearly spherical particles with an average size of 43 nm. FTIR confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract, serving as reducing and capping agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles. Antimicrobial assessments showed effectiveness against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The DPPH scavenging assay demonstrated efficient antioxidant activity, and potent apoptotic anticancer effects were observed on cervical cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The extract of D. kotschyi was effective as a reducing agent in the environmentally friendly synthesis of AgNPs, which exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. These findings suggest potential biomedical applications for the synthesized AgNPs.

Pomegranate peel mediated silver nanoparticles: antimicrobial action against crop pathogens, antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity assay

Biologically produced silver nanoparticles are becoming a more appealing option than chemically produced antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, because they are safer, easier to manufacture and have medicinal properties at lower concentrations. In this work, we employed the aqueous pomegranate peel extract (PPE) to synthesize silver nanoparticles (PPE-AgNPs), as peel extract is a rich source of phytochemicals which functions as reducing agent for the synthesis of PPE-AgNPs. Additionally, the PPE was examined quantitatively for total phenolics and total flavonoids content. PPE-AgNPs were characterized using analytical techniques including UV–Vis spectroscopy, DLS, FTIR, XRD, HRTEM and FESEM, evaluated in vitro against the plant pathogenic microbes and also for antioxidant activities. Analytical techniques (HRTEM and FESEM) confirmed the spherical shape and XRD technique revealed the crystalline nature of synthesized PPE-AgNPs. Quantitative analysis revealed the presence of total phenolics (269.93 ± 1.01 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (119.70 ± 0.83 mg CE/g). Biosynthesized PPE-AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Klebsiella aerogenes and Xanthomonas axonopodis, antifungal activity against Colletotrichum graminicola and Colletotrichum gloesporioides at 50 µg/mL concentration. The antioxidant potential of biosynthesized PPE-AgNPs was analysed via ABTS (IC50 4.25 µg/mL), DPPH (IC50 5.22 µg/mL), total antioxidant (86.68 g AAE/mL at 10 µg/mL) and FRAP (1.93 mM Fe(II)/mL at 10 µg/mL) assays. Cytotoxicity of PPE-AgNPs was valuated using MTT assay and cell viability of 83.32% was determined at 100 µg/mL concentration. These investigations suggest that synthesized PPE-AgNPs might prove useful for agricultural and medicinal purposes in the future.

Antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-giardia properties of the essential oil, hydroalcoholic extract, and green synthesis of the silver nanoparticles of Salvia mirzayanii plant

In this study, an environmentally-friendly, simple, and low-cost approach was developed for the production of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) accelerated by Salvia mirzayanii plant. The identification process involved ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV–Vis spectrum exhibited a peak at 450 nm which is a characteristic surface plasmon resonance of Ag NPs. The XRD and EDS analyses confirmed the crystalline nature and the presence of silver element, while the SEM analysis displayed the production of almost spherical nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum exhibited that the Ag NPs were functionalized with biomolecules found in the extract, which are involved in the production and stabilization of the NPs. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil, the hydroalcoholic extract and Ag NPs was examined against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The anti-Giardia activity was tested on Giardia lamblia cysts at different time intervals. The results exhibited that the MIC values for essential oil, hydroalcoholic extract and Ag NPs against S. aureus were 1.65 µL/mL, 75 mg/mL, and 0.125 mg/mL respectively. The MBC was attained 6.25 µL/mL, 300 mg/mL, and 0.25 mg/mL, for essential oil, hydroalcoholic extract and Ag NPs, respectively. The MIC values for essential oil, hydroalcoholic extract and NPs against E. coli were 3.12 µL/mL, 150 mg/mL, and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. The MBC was determined to be 50 µL/mL, 300 mg/mL, and 0.25 mg/mL for essential oil, hydroalcoholic extract and Ag NPs, respectively. In addition, the antioxidant activity was determined using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test. The results indicated that the essential oil of this plant exhibited the highest antibacterial and anti-giardial properties, whereas its extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant properties.

The Impact of Combination Ag: Se Core: Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized by Plasma Jet with Plantago lanceolata on REF Cell Line

Abstract The process well-thought-out for isolating new and novel ant-microbial components is though natural sources which is considered the best option. Plantago lanceolata is a medicinal plant that holds several bioactive compounds, containing tannins, phenolic compound, flavonoids and alkaloids. These benefits contain potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial. This study among to synthesize Ag: Se NPs at (125 and 250) μg mL−1 concentrations in ratio (0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7) respectively. Characterization of the produced silver nanoparticles involved UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Cytotoxicity against normal cells line (REF) were assessed using several diluted concentrations, Ag: Se NPs (25, 50, and 100%) and concentrations of P. lanceolata (125 and 250) μg mL−1. The optimal XRD pattern and UV-visible were attained at a ratio (3:7). At a concentration of 100% Ag: Se NPs at 250 μg mL-1, the most significant cytotoxic on REF cell lines was stated. However, the addition of combined. Ag: Se NPs (125 and 250) μg mL−1 with P. lanceolata (125 and 250) μg mL−1 resulted in reduced cytotoxicity, indicating no synergistic effect at all. In conclusion, this study successfully synthesized Ag: Se NPs and investigating their combined effects with P. lanceolata on REF cell lines.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Citrus sinensis</i> Peels Assisted by Microwave Irradiation as a Contrast Agents for Computed Tomography Imaging

Contrast agents are extensively used to enhance the quality of images in computed tomography (CT) scans for brain exams, vascular imaging, and full-body imaging. Recent data indicate that iodine-based contrast agents have brief durations of blood circulation and may lead to harmful toxicity effects. This study aims to produce silver nanoparticles using environmentally friendly synthesis techniques facilitated by microwaves. The characteristics of nanoparticles have been studied using UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, and TEM techniques. The TEM analysis reveals that the silver nanoparticle has an average diameter of 9 nm and exhibits a spherical shape. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values of silver nanoparticles at 100, 150, and 200 mg/L concentrations are 35.79, 48.16, and 74.66, respectively. In comparison, iodine exhibits CNR values of 28.57, 34.69, and 48.56 at the same concentrations. The CNR values for tube currents of 140, 160, and 180 mA are 37.83, 44.98, and 48.26, respectively. In contrast, the CNR values in silver nanoparticles are 63.64, 75.32, and 81.67. The results obtained from the different concentrations and tube currents clearly demonstrate that silver nanoparticles have a higher CNR than iopamidol. Hence, silver nanoparticles have significant potential as contrast agents.

Comparison between Green and Chemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antibacterial Activit

Using chemical reduction and green technology, two different approaches are used in the current work to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Pomegranate peel extract has been utilized in green technology applications. Furthermore, In the chemical approach, polyvinylpyrrolidine and ascorbic acid were utilized as reducing agents, and the optical, structural, and antibacterial characteristics of the two versions were investigated. In comparison to the chemical reduction variant (30.38 nm), the particle sizes in the green technique (19.5 nm) were smaller. Comparing green silver nanoparticles to chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles, SEM pictures showed that the former had formed a distinct crystalline shape and were evenly distributed on the surface. Granules constituted the shape of the particles. Additionally, it spreads topically. Whereas the greenly synthesized variant's absorption band was at 280 nm, the chemically synthesized variant's absorption band was at 300 nm. It was demonstrated by spectroscopic data of green silver nanoparticles that they have the capacity to produce and stabilize silver nanoparticles. Chemically produced green silver nanoparticles were also exposed to FTIR analysis to identify active functional groups. Silver particles can also be stabilized by chemically produced silver nanoparticles. To assess the antibacterial activity, the nanoparticle agar diffusion method was employed. The bacteria detected in the medium were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In the green form, the bacterial growth inhibition zone was larger and was produced with varying concentrations of 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml, and 100 ml, or 13 ml, 10 ml, 9 ml, and 8 ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 15 ml, 12 ml, 10 ml, and 7 ml for E. coli, respectively. Green-produced transcripts exhibited higher antibacterial responses, which were likely caused by the faster rate of nanoparticle stabilization mechanism by organic compounds found in pomegranate fruit peel extract.

A novel green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Anisosciadium seeds extract as sensitive fluorescent nanosensors for determination of esomeprazole and lansoprazole in dosage forms and human plasma

This study introduces a novel and eco-friendly method for the spectrofluorimetric determination of two important anti-GERD drugs, esomeprazole and lansoprazole. The study depends on synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Anisosciadium seeds extract as a reducing agent, for the first time. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by applying various microscopic and spectroscopic methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering technique, Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometry, and spectrofluorimetry. The produced silver nanoparticles demonstrated an emission band at 311 nm if excited at 222 nm, and showed powerful blue fluorescence when exposed to UV light. The obtained silver nanoparticles were employed as fluorescent nanoprobes for the determination of esomeprazole and lansoprazole spectrofluorimetrically, depending on their quenching of the native fluorescence of silver nanoparticles quantitatively. This study is the first spectrofluorimetric strategy for the determination of the investigated medications with the use of silver nanoparticles without the requirement for any pre-derivatization stages or large volumes of organic solvents. As investigated medications don’t display native fluorescent characteristics; the importance of the presented method increases. The suggested study demonstrated excellent linearity over the ranges of 1.0–10.0 μg/mL and 0.1–1.0 μg/mL with detection limits of 0.17 μg/mL and 0.015 μg/mL for esomeprazole and lansoprazole, respectively. The presented study was employed for the determination of esomeprazole and lansoprazole in human plasma samples and dosage forms with low % relative standard deviation and high % recoveries values. Greenness profile of the suggested method was assessed utilizing two various metrics, including Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREENNESS metric approach (AGREE), verifying lower environmental impact of the method and excellent eco-friendliness. The proposed strategy was validated in accordance with International Council for Harmonization(ICH) Q2 (R2) guidelines.

Banana Stem Extract was Used in the Green Production and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles to Determine their Effectiveness as a Possible Anticancer Drug

Banana Stem Extract was Used in the Green Production and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles to Determine their Effectiveness as a Possible Anticancer Drug

Fabrication, catalytic activity, metal sensing ability and electrochemical evaluation of nano silver particles for supercapacitor applications

In this work, stable, spherical silver nanoparticles (MAgNp) were prepared via a green synthesis method using flowers of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg). This flower is abundant in phytochemicals such as saponins that can be utilized as reductants to produce silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were examined using a variety of physico-chemical methods, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), elemental dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and UV–VIS spectrometer. EDX study confirmed the crystalline and face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of AgNP. The majority of particles are present with a higher percentage intensity at an average size of 58.77 nm as revealed in the TEM image, PDI was found to be 0.055. MAgNPs demonstrated perfect activity in the catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye (88 %) and para-nitrophenol (98 %), both anthropogenic pollutants. These nanoparticles were further used as plasmonic sensors to detect heavy metals like Fe(II) and Hg(II) in an aqueous solution. The minimum detection limit was found to be 0.2 mM for Hg(II) and 10 μM for Fe(II) with good linearity. The electrochemical properties of MAgNPs were studied using a carbon supercapacitor electrode coated with MAgNPs. Results from cyclic voltammetry were also determined, and they showed a high specific capacitance of 41 F/gm at 5 mV/s scan rate.

Evaluation of cold plasma treatment technology in biosynthesized silver nanoparticles encapsulated with chitosan by Aliinostoc persicum SA14 against HepG-2

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The combination of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and nanoparticles is a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma cancers. In the present study, activated water was prepared using the cold atmospheric plasma technique (JET and PAW), and then the biosynthesis ability of silver nanoparticles by the cyanobacterium Aliinostoc persicum SA14 was measured after cultivation in the culture medium containing activated water at 5, 15, and 20 min. After the encapsulation of nanoparticles with chitosan and UV–visible spectroscopy analysis, the characterization of AgNPs, including FTIR analysis. X-ray diffraction, particle size and zeta potential, SEM, TEM, as well as cytotoxicity assays against HepG-2 cell lines, were performed. The comparison of the absorption spectra of silver oxide nanoparticles prepared by the boiling-dender method at concentrations and different times showed that the production of silver nanoparticles was confirmed for all three samples based on the amount of absorption obtained. The outcomes of field emission scanning electron microscopy at all magnifications exhibited that spherical nanoparticles are scattered on the surface of the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the FT-IR spectrum and XRD crystallography confirmed the success of chitosan's production of microcoated silver nanoparticles. The results of the cytotoxicity test against HepG-2 cell lines showed that with increasing concentrations of silver nanoparticles, the survival frequency of cancer cells declined significantly. In conclusion, the tests confirmed that the silver nanoparticles produced by cyanobacteria act as both a stabilizing and reducing agent. The results indicated that CAP decreases nanoparticle size, decreases surface charge distribution of AgNP, and induces uptake, aggregation, and enhanced cytotoxicity against HepG-2 in vitro. The chitosan-AgNPs with cold plasma could have potential applications in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries.

Eco-friendly Strategy for Producing Bio-based Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Employing Sepioteuthis lessoniana ink, in Addition to Biological and Degradation of Dye Applications.

The squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, is a remarkable fishery product which is exported by many nations for use in industrial production or human consumption. This study focused on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from squid ink (SI) and its wide range of applications. The formation of the nanoparticles was confirmed through UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM with EDX, DLS, and zeta potential analysis. The results showed a strong absorbance peak at 407nm, the presence of various functional groups, a nanocrystalline structure with a crystalline size of 17.56nm, spherical-shaped particles with an average size of 76nm, and the presence of the highest % mass of Ag and uniformly dispersed particles, respectively. The bioactivity of the synthesized squid ink silver nanoparticles was analyzed through antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and toxicity studies. The dye degradation assay was also analyzed as a means of wastewater treatment for different industrial dyes. The antibacterial activity showed the highest zone of inhibition of 24mm at a concentration of 100μg/ml against Escherichia coli, followed by other tested strains. The nitric oxide radical scavenging assay showed the highest antioxidant activity (92%) at a concentration of 100μg/ml. The cytotoxic ability of SI-AgNPs against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line revealed an IC50 value of 4.52μg/ml. The toxicity study revealed a dose and time-dependent activity with the LC50 value of 5.090 and 3.303mg/ml for 24 and 48h, respectively. The successful degradation of dyes by SI-AgNPs is attributed to the cooperative action of the electron relay system with Ag as a catalyst and SI as a catalytic support. These findings indicate that SI-AgNPs are a novel potential product that should be further studied to improve its pharmacological, biomedical, and environmental applications.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle from Anadenanthera colubrina Extract and Its Antimicrobial Action against ESKAPEE Group Bacteria.

Given the urgent need for novel methods to control the spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, this study presents a green synthesis approach to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the bark extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. colubrina. The methodology included obtaining the extract and characterizing the AgNPs, which revealed antimicrobial activity against MDR bacteria. A. colubrina species is valued in indigenous and traditional medicine for its medicinal properties. Herein, it was employed to synthesize AgNPs with effective antibacterial activity (MIC = 19.53-78.12 μM) against clinical isolates from the ESKAPEE group, known for causing high hospitalization costs and mortality rates. Despite its complexity, AgNP synthesis is an affordable method with minimal environmental impacts and risks. Plant-synthesized AgNPs possess unique characteristics that affect their biological activity and cytotoxicity. In this work, A. colubrina bark extract resulted in the synthesis of nanoparticles measuring 75.62 nm in diameter, with a polydispersity index of 0.17 and an average zeta potential of -29 mV, as well as low toxicity for human erythrocytes, with a CC50 value in the range of 961 μM. This synthesis underscores its innovative potential owing to its low toxicity, suggesting applicability across several areas and paving the way for future research.

Highly sensitive disposable test strips for sweat chloride detection using silver nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide

The quantification of chloride ions in sweat by a point-of-care test system is a useful strategy in the early screening of cystic fibrosis. In this context, silver nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide were synthesized by one-pot reduction method in this work. This reaction in situ produces silver nanoparticles spread across thin sheets of rGO with high surface area. This helps in the electrochemical detection of chloride ions by conversion of silver to silver chloride and formation of a thin layer of silver chloride on the surface of nanocomposite. The validity of this strategy has been demonstrated by voltammetric analysis of chloride ions using the screen-printed Ag-rGO nanocomposite. For electrodes tested in buffer, the sensitivity was 37.66 ± 0.99 mA (log mM)−1 cm−2 with a high selectivity and detection range from 30 to 400 mM chloride concentration. The lower detection limit is 1.02 mM (S/N = 3), and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of sensor response is 4.77 %. Disposable sensor test strips fabricated with screen printing of the catalyst followed by layer by layer array of electrolyte and hydrophilic membrane shows a sensitivity of 165.2 ± 4.3 µA mM−1 cm−2, a linear detection range upto 210 mM, and a LOD of 2.46 ± 0.06 µM. The quantification of the developed sensor strips were confirmed by comparing the values from clinical laboratories. This finding confirms the potentiality of the developed method and its possible application in the rapid and easy-to-use point-of-care devices. Notable advantages of the Ag-rGO nanocomposite is its reversibility due to the regeneration of fresh silver nanoparticles on the rGO surface and increased electrochemical response. This feature realizes a high stability even at multiple trials with a RSD of 2.63 % and long-time storage tested upto 3 months. Using this superior performance, the developed sensor test strip demonstrates a disposable, non-invasive, reproducible, reversible, highly selective, and sensitive monitoring of chloride ions.

Antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don

In our study, the ability to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNP) by green synthesis method using Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don. plant was investigated. The color of the extract changed from yellow to brown, proving the presence of AgNPs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-dispersive spectra (EDS), FT-IR and Uv-Vis analysis were used to characterized AgNPs. AgNPs ranged from 20 nm to 40 nm in size and were mostly spherical and cubic structures. The antimicrobial potential of AgNPs was tested against seven bacterial and one yeast cultures by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. AgNPs significantly inhibited all test cultures. The highest antimicrobial activities of plant extract and AgNP were found against Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315.