Proton Production Research Articles

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton–proton collisions at s=13TeV

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton–proton collision data collected in 2016 at s=13TeV by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3fb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kT algorithm for distance parameters of R=0.4 and 0.8. Cross sections are measured double-differentially (2D) as a function of the largest absolute rapidity |y|max of the two jets with the highest transverse momenta pT and their invariant mass m1,2, and triple-differentially (3D) as a function of the rapidity separation y∗, the total boost yb, and either m1,2 or the average pT of the two jets. The cross sections are unfolded to correct for detector effects and are compared with fixed-order calculations derived at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. The impact of the measurements on the parton distribution functions and the strong coupling constant at the mass of the Z boson is investigated, yielding a value of αS(mZ)=0.1179±0.0019.

Scaling Properties of ∅-Meson and Light Charged Hadron Production in Small and Large Systems at PHENIX

Recent results on the identified charged-hadron (π±, K±, p, p¯) production vat midrapidity region (|η| < 0.35) have been measured by the PHENIX experiment in p + Al, 3He + Au, Cu + Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV and U + U collisions at √SNN = 193 GeV. These measurements are presented through the invariant transverse-momentum (pT ) and transverse-mass (mT) spectra for different collision centralities. The averaged freeze-out temperature value for different systems was found to be 166.1 ± 2.2 MeV, and do not exhibit any dependence on the collision centrality and 〈Nparti〉 values. The particle ratios of K/π and p/π have been measured in different centrality ranges of large and small collision systems. The values of K/π ratios measured in all considered collision systems were found to be consistent with those measured in p+p collisions. Furthermore, the identified charged-hadron nuclear-modification factors (RAB) are also presented. Enhancement of proton RAB values over meson RAB values was observed in central 3He+Au, Cu+Au, and U+U collisions. The proton RAB values measured in p+Al collision system were found to be consistent with RAB values of ∅, π±, K±, and π0 mesons, suggesting that the size of the system produced in p+Al collisions is too small for recombination to cause a noticeable increase in proton production.

Boronic Acid and Phosphoyl Chloride-Mediated Site-Selective Ketalization of Unprotected Saccharides: In Situ Generation of a Proton Catalyst and Multiple Roles of Reagents.

In the chemical synthesis or modification of saccharides, regioselective protection of the many similar OH groups in saccharides is necessary but remains a major challenge. In particular, the regio- and stereoselective conversion of C(1,2)-OH has great synthetic potential in carbohydrate synthesis but has largely remained untapped. Here, an in situ proton-producing system mediated by boronic acid was found and employed for site-selective ketalization of various unprotected saccharides. This strategy is characterized by the controlled production of protons mediated by the dynamic, reversible covalent binding of boronic acid and saccharides. This method provides great convenience for the concise synthesis of complex saccharides, as illustrated by the streamlined degradation and reconstruction of disaccharides.

Multiplicity, transverse momentum and pseudorapidity dependence of open-heavy flavored hadron production in proton+proton collisions at s = 13TeV using PYTHIA8

Recently, with the upgradation of LHC, it is realized that study of heavy-flavored hadrons, namely [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in hadronic collisions, could reveal the possibility of thermalization of charm quarks. With this motivation, we study the production dynamics of these hadrons using a pQCD-inspired Monte Carlo event generator called PYTHIA8 in proton+proton collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV. The production dynamics of these hadrons are analyzed through charged-particle multiplicity, transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. With the help of the established PYTHIA8 tunes to mimic the behavior of flow-like features, we investigated the variation of effective temperature and degree of nonextensivity using thermodynamically consistent nonextensive Tsallis statistics. We further attempted to establish a connection between the initial state and final state by estimating the correlation between the number of multi-partonic interactions ([Formula: see text]) with the Knudsen number.

Hydrogen Radical Enabling Industrial‐Level Oxygen Electroreduction to Hydrogen Peroxide

AbstractThe electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen and water, powered by renewable electricity, provides a highly attractive alternative to the energy‐intensive autoxidation process presently used in industry, but much remains unknown about this two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e‐ORR), especially the local proton effect. Here, we have investigated the function of hydrogen‐associated intermediates in the 2e‐ORR using a rationally designed cooperative electrode material with cobalt (II) clusters embedded onto the oxidized carbon nanotube composites (Co‐OCNT). We found that the local proton availability can determine both the reaction kinetics and selectivity. A 2e‐ORR process involving hydrogen radical transfer is confirmed. Specifically, the carbon sites from the OCNTs promote proton production, and the cobalt sites from the Co cluster facilitate ORR intermediate formation. The high local proton availability and the cooperative dual‐active sites both contribute to the superior reaction kinetics and selectivity of the Co‐OCNT, reaching an H2O2 production rate of ~40.6 mol gcat−1 h−1 and a faradaic efficiency of 90 % at a current density of 300 mA cm−2. Further cascading the 2e‐ORR with the electro‐Fenton process shows a high selectivity of oxalic acid up to 97 % for the valorization of ethylene glycol.

Hydrogen Radical Enabling Industrial-Level Oxygen Electroreduction to Hydrogen Peroxide.

The electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen and water, powered by renewable electricity, provides a highly attractive alternative to the energy-intensive autoxidation process presently used in industry, but much remains unknown about this two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR), especially the local proton effect. Here, we have investigated the function of hydrogen-associated intermediates in the 2e-ORR using a rationally designed cooperative electrode material with cobalt (II) clusters embedded onto the oxidized carbon nanotube composites (Co-OCNT). We found that the local proton availability can determine both the reaction kinetics and selectivity. A 2e-ORR process involving hydrogen radical transfer is confirmed. Specifically, the carbon sites from the OCNTs promote proton production, and the cobalt sites from the Co cluster facilitate ORR intermediate formation. The high local proton availability and the cooperative dual-active sites both contribute to the superior reaction kinetics and selectivity of the Co-OCNT, reaching an H2O2 production rate of ~40.6 mol gcat -1 h-1 and a faradaic efficiency of 90 % at a current density of 300 mA cm-2. Further cascading the 2e-ORR with the electro-Fenton process shows a high selectivity of oxalic acid up to 97 % for the valorization of ethylene glycol.

DDFRG3: Double-Differential FRaGmentation model for Neutron production in high energy nuclear collisions

A Double-Differential FRaGmentation (DDFRG) model for neutron production from nucleus–nucleus collisions is developed for space radiation applications. DDFRG1 was a previous model developed for production of protons and light ions, and DDFRG2 was a model developed for pion production. A new model (DDFRG3) for neutron production is developed in the present work, and is based upon thermal production of neutrons from the projectile, the target and central fireball sources. The Lorentz-invariant double-differential cross sections are calculated in the various source frames, and are Lorentz transformed to the laboratory frame, resulting in a closed-form analytic formula involving no numerical integration, and which can be run very efficiently in radiation transport codes. The Lorentz-invariant double-differential cross section is then integrated over angle to give the single-differential energy spectral distribution. The DDFRG3 neutron model compares very well to an extensive experimental data set.

Strategy in Promoting Visible Light Absorption, Charge Separation, CO2 Adsorption and Proton Production for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with H2O.

Solar-energy-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction by H2O to high-valuable carbon-containing chemicals has become one of the greatest concerns in both scientific and industrial communities, due to its potential in solving energy and environmental problems. However, efficiency of photocatalytic CO2 reduction by H2O is still far below the needs of large-scale applications. The reduction efficiency is closely related to ability of photocatalysts in absorbing visible light which is the main part of sunlight (44 %), separating photogenerated electron-hole pairs, adsorbing CO2 and producing protons for reducing CO2. Thus, photocatalysts with enhanced visible light absorption, electron-hole separation, CO2 adsorption and proton production are highly desired. Herein, we aim to provide a picture of recent progresses in improving ability of photocatalysts in visible light absorption, electron-hole separation, CO2 adsorption and proton production, and give an outlook for future researches associated with photocatalytic CO2 reduction by H2O.

A Straightforward Model for Quantifying Local pH Gradients Governing the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The production and consumption of protons by an electrocatalyst will, under certain conditions, generate localized microenvironments with properties distinct from those of the bulk solution. These local properties are particularly impactful for reactions involving proton-coupled electron transfer, where the generation of locally basic or acidic environments may significantly influence the energy efficiency and reaction selectivity of the electrocatalyst. Whereas local pH environments have been observed and characterized in reductive half-reactions, including the CO2 reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions, the incompatibility of conventional techniques and materials has limited studies in oxidative half-reactions, including the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which provides the reducing equivalents for solar-to-fuels electrolysis. With the straightforward parameters bulk pH, buffer composition and pKa, and mass transport, we develop a model for describing local pH as a function of current density regardless of the microscopic details of the mechanism. Using an acid-stable PbOx OER catalyst, we observe the formation and dissipation of pH gradients during the OER and validate the model with voltammetric and potentiometric studies. The model predicts how local acidic environments can develop over a narrow OER current density window, thus providing further motivation for the development of OER catalysts that are stable to acid, even when operating in basic aqueous conditions. More generally, the model is not restricted to the OER and is useful for determining the onset of local pH gradients for other electrocatalytic reactions that involve the consumption or generation of protons in energy conversion reactions.

How Does Cancer Occur? How Should It Be Treated? Treatment from the Perspective of Alkalization Therapy Based on Science-Based Medicine.

This review article investigates the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer progression, emphasizing the metabolic shifts that promote tumor growth. Mitochondria are crucial for cellular energy production, but they also play a significant role in cancer progression by promoting glycolysis even under oxygen-rich conditions, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic reprogramming enables cancer cells to maintain an alkaline internal pH and an acidic external environment, which are critical for their proliferation and survival in hypoxic conditions. The article also explores the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), a consequence of intensive glycolytic activity and proton production by cancer cells. This acidic milieu enhances the invasiveness and metastatic potential of cancer cells and contributes to increased resistance to chemotherapy. Alkalization therapy, which involves neutralizing this acidity through dietary modifications and the administration of alkalizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate, is highlighted as an effective strategy to counteract these adverse conditions and impede cancer progression. Integrating insights from science-based medicine, the review evaluates the effectiveness of alkalization therapy across various cancer types through clinical assessments. Science-based medicine, which utilizes inductive reasoning from observed clinical outcomes, lends support to the hypothesis of metabolic reprogramming in cancer treatment. By addressing both metabolic and environmental disruptions, this review suggests that considering cancer as primarily a metabolic disorder could lead to more targeted and effective treatment strategies, potentially improving outcomes for patients with advanced-stage cancers.

Research on electrical conductive properties of thulium-doped calcium zirconate solid electrolyte

To further investigate the electrochemical performance of Tm doped CaZrO3 electrolyte, the CaZr1−xTmxO3−α (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1) solid electrolyte specimens were prepared by high temperature solid state method. The phase structure and microstructure of the electrolyte samples were analyzed by Raman spectrum, XRD and SEM. The electrical conductivity of the specimen was measured at the temperature of 673∼1373K in hydrogen-rich and oxygen-rich atmosphere by the two-terminal AC impedance spectroscopy method. The H/D isotope effect of the specimen at different temperature was tested to confirm the dominant conducting carrier in predetermined temperature and atmosphere. It is found that proton is the dominant charge carrier both in oxygen-rich and hydrogen-rich atmosphere at the lower temperature below 1073 K. However, at higher temperature above 1073K, the predominant charge carrier seems to be oxygen ion vacancy in hydrogen-rich, whereas to be electron hole in oxygen-rich atmosphere, based on the analysis of the atmospheric dependence of the electrical conductivity. Moreover, partial conductivities of conducting species, the active doping amount of Tm and the standard Gibbs free energy changes for interstitial proton production by dissolution of water and hydrogen in Tm doped electrolyte were estimated based on crystal defect chemistry theory.

Well-designed V2AlC MAX supported g-C3N4/TiO2 Z-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic CO2 reduction through bi-reforming to produce CO and CH4

Well-designed V2AlC MAX supported g-C3N4/TiO2 Z-scheme heterojunction was synthesized and tested for photocatalytic CO2 reduction through bi-reforming under UV and visible light in batch and continuous photoreactors. Compared to V2AlC/g-C3N4, V2AlC/TiO2 produced 2.17 times more CO and 6.40 times more CH4, along with H2. The highest CO production of 14644 μmol g−1 h−1 was obtained over V2AlC-g-C3N4/TiO2 composite at a selectivity of 20.21 %. Similarly, CH4 and H2 production of 56567 and 1253 μmol g−1 h−1 was obtained, which were 11.11 and 169.9 folds higher for CH4 and 2.77 and 2.32 folds higher for H2 production compared to using g-C3N4/TiO2 and V2AlC/TiO2, respectively. The efficient generation and separation of charge carriers were achieved by the Z-scheme heterojunction of g-C3N4/TiO2 with V2AlC MAX cocatalysts, which led to a greatly increased photocatalytic activity. Using a continuous process, the production of CO was decreased by 1.12 folds, whereas the production of methane disappeared and the reaction pathway was the conversion of CO2 to CO. Using methanol with UV light resulted in higher production of protons and hydrogen, achieving the highest quantum efficiency. The stability study further confirmed the continuous evolution of CO, CH4, and H2 over four cycles.

Abstract C041: Emerging role of P2X receptors as Golgi pH regulators in pancreatic cancer

Abstract Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet their elevated energy demands, favoring energy production via glycolysis even with functional mitochondria. Upregulated glycolysis results in rapid production of lactate and protons in the cytoplasm. This would normally reduce the intracellular pH (pHi); however, cancer cells employ mechanisms such as ion transporters that remove excess protons from the cytoplasm to maintain an alkaline pHi, allowing for cell growth, evasion of cell death and cell proliferation. Our previous studies have shown that in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the Golgi apparatus is among the intracellular compartments that can uptake excess protons, giving PDAC cells a cell fitness advantage. The underlying mechanisms that drive Golgi acidification in PDAC are incompletely understood. Here, we set out to comprehensively identify novel modulators that can affect this process. By using a fluorescent-protein-based ratiometric pH biosensor targeted to the Golgi membrane, we screened thousands of chemical compounds for an impairment in Golgi acidification, which would lead to pHi dysregulation and cell death. One of our hits from the screen was an inhibitor of the P2X family of receptors (P2XRs). P2XRs consist of seven subtypes (P2X1-7) and are ATP-gated ion channels that mediate the passage of non-selective cations through the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments. P2XRs have also been shown to regulate the pHi. We are elucidating the mechanism by which P2XRs may regulate pHi via the Golgi in PDAC. Our preliminary results show that concomitant with the alkalinization of the Golgi, P2XR inhibition leads to a pronounced decrease of pHi and results in cell death in PDAC while normal untransformed pancreas cells are unaffected. These data suggest that P2XRs play a role in pHi regulation and cell fitness maintenance through a function in the Golgi. Targeting this metabolic reprograming dependency may serve as a novel therapeutic tool for PDAC. Citation Format: Cheska Marie Galapate, Koen Galenkamp, Charles Fisher, Susanne Heynen-Genel, Cosimo Commisso. Emerging role of P2X receptors as Golgi pH regulators in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Pancreatic Cancer Research; 2024 Sep 15-18; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(17 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C041.

D meson production in p+Pb collisions with the analytical transverse momentum distribution from the color dipole models* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint for Large Scientific Units (U1832120), the Hebei Province Outstanding Youth Fund (A2020210012), the S&T Program of Hebei (Grant No. 236Z4601G), and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Introducing Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of

D meson production in proton–lead (p+Pb) collisions is globally investigated within the color dipole framework. To simplify the Fourier transform, the analytical transverse momentum distribution functions extracted from different color dipole models are used. With the Glauber–Gribov method, the impact parameter dependence is considered for the nuclear modification of the gluon density. We obtain from comparison with recent experimental data from the LHCb and ALICE Collaborations that the theoretical results from the Kovchegov, Lu and Rezaeian (KLR) model are in good agreement with the experimental data at small P T, and the results from the Golec–Biernat–Wüsthoff (GBW) and Bartels, Golec-Biernat and Kowalski (BGK) model are reasonable at all rapidity bins. Then, the influence of the initial-state energy loss effect on D meson production in p+Pb collisions is analyzed. A clear reduction of the nuclear modification factor is shown at backward rapidity. Finally, the predictive results for D0 and D+ production differential cross section versus rapidity (Y) in p+Pb collisions are given.

Laser Printer Printed Ion Sources for Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Volatiles and Semivolatiles.

In this study, we demonstrated a facile method to fabricate ion sources using a laser printer for ambient ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Toner spots printed by a printer can readily facilitate ionizing volatile and semivolatile compounds derived from solid or liquid samples for MS analysis. The experimental arrangement involved positioning the toner-printed paper near the inlet of a mass spectrometer, which was subjected to a high electric potential (e.g., -6 kV). Volatile or semivolatile compounds deriving from the sample positioned below the metal inlet of the mass spectrometer were promptly ionized upon activating the mass spectrometer. No direct electrical connection or voltage application was required on the paper substrate. An electric field was established between the toner spot on the paper and the inlet applied with a high voltage to induce the dielectric breakdown of the surrounding air and water molecules. Consequently, ionic species, including electrons and cationic radicals, were generated. Subsequent ion-molecule reactions facilitated the production of protons for ionizing analytes present in the gas phase proximal to the inlet of the mass spectrometer. Deprotonated analytes were detected in the resultant mass spectra when employing the method in negative ion mode. This methodology presents a straightforward approach for analyzing analytes in the gas phase under ambient conditions utilizing an exceptionally uncomplicated experimental setup. In addition, the developed method can be used to detect trace 2,4-dinitrophenol, an explosive, with a limit of detection as low as ∼30 pg.

Determination of optimal operating conditions for bioelectrolyte fuel cells using ADH as anode catalyst and solidification of fuel

Enzyme-based direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have the potential to become the next generation of energy devices without platinum catalysts. However, the development of DEFCs requires the search for new electrolytes that are compatible with ethanol fuel and enzymes. In this study, DEFCs with a combination of chitin electrolytes and ADH were fabricated and characterized. DEFCs using chitin electrolyte were also investigated for various ethanol fuel concentrations, and it was found that DEFCs using 50 mM ethanol achieved the highest power density. In addition, enzyme activity was measured and showed a maximum value when 50 mM ethanol was used, suggesting that the proton production reaction catalyzed by the enzyme determines the maximum power density of the bioelectrolyte DEFC. Furthermore, we successfully fabricated a highly portable solid bio-electrolyte DEFC and found that it achieved a maximum power density of 0.11 mW/cm2 at an ethanol concentration of 25 %.

Synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted allyl isoindolinones via Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation

Herein, we report a mild palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of allyl ester-substituted isoindolinone substrates to afford a variety of 3,3-disubstituted isoindolinone derivatives. The decarboxylative coupling reaction tolerates a range of functional groups, including ketones and alkenyl halides, and does not require protection of the isoindolinone nitrogen. Additionally, the reaction was found to proceed in near-quantitative yield for most substrates evaluated. Based on the isolation of competing cyclopropane and protonation products, a reaction mechanism is proposed.

First measurements of energetic protons in Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak Upgrade (MAST-U).

First proton production rates from the d(d,p)t reaction in the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak Upgrade (MAST-U) are measured. The data were taken during the MAST-U experimental campaign with an upgraded version of the proton detector (PD) previously used in MAST. The new detector array consists of three collimated silicon surface barrier detectors with a depletion depth of 300μm and a collimated 120μm thick diamond detector, mounted on the MAST-U reciprocating probe arm. This array measures the energies of unconfined energetic 3MeV protons and 1MeV tritons mainly produced by beam-thermal DD reactions during neutral beam injection heating. Diamond detectors have the potential to be uniquely suited to detect charged fusion products as they promise to be much more radiation resistant and much less sensitive to temperature variations compared to silicon-based detectors. Using silicon and diamond-based detectors simultaneously allowed us to directly compare the performance of these two detector types. PD particle rates measured during different plasma scenarios are presented and compared to neutron rates measured using the neutron camera upgrade and TRANSP predictions.

Cumulative Proton Production in p + C Interactions at 4.2 and 10 GeV/c and the Uncertainty Principle

Cumulative Proton Production in p + C Interactions at 4.2 and 10 GeV/c and the Uncertainty Principle

Open charm production cross section from combined LHC experiments in pp collisions at s=5.02\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sqrt{s} = 5.02$$\\end{document} TeV

Open charm production in proton–proton collisions represents an important tool to investigate some of the most fundamental aspects of quantum chromodynamics, from the partonic mechanisms of heavy-quark production to the process of heavy-quark hadronisation. Over the last decade, the measurement of the production cross sections of charm mesons and baryons in proton–proton (pp) collisions was at the centre of a wide experimental effort at the Large Hadron Collider. Thanks to the complementarity of the different experiments, the production of charm hadrons was measured over a wide transverse momentum region and in different rapidity ranges. In this paper, the measurements of the charm hadrons D0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$D^{0}$$\\end{document}, D∗+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$D^{*+}$$\\end{document}, D+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$D^{+}$$\\end{document}, Ds+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$D^{+}_{s}$$\\end{document}, Λc+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Lambda _{c}^{+}$$\\end{document} and Ξc0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Xi _{c}^{0}$$\\end{document} performed by the ALICE, CMS and LHCb collaborations in pp collisions at the centre-of-mass energy s=5.02\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sqrt{s}=5.02$$\\end{document} TeV are combined to determine the total charm quark production cross section σcc¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sigma _{c\\bar{c}}$$\\end{document} in a novel data-driven approach. The resulting total cc¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$c\\overline{c}$$\\end{document} cross section is σcc¯(pp,5.02TeV)=8.34±0.22(stat.)-0.37+0.37(syst.)-0.46+0.36(extr.)-0+0.68(Ωc)mb.\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\begin{aligned} \\begin{aligned} \\sigma _{c\\overline{c}} ({\ extrm{pp}},5.02\\,{\ extrm{TeV}}) ={}&8.34 \\pm 0.22\\mathrm { (stat.) } {}^{+0.37}_{-0.37} \\mathrm { (syst.) } {}^{+0.36}_{-0.46} \\mathrm { (extr.) } {}^{+0.68}_{-0} (\\Omega _c) \\,{\ ext {mb}}. \\end{aligned} \\end{aligned}$$\\end{document}The measured charm hadron distributions and corresponding cross sections are compared with the most recent theoretical calculations.