Production Of Passion Fruit Seedlings Research Articles

Growth, foliar gas exchange and biomass accumulation in passion fruit seedlings irrigated with saline waters and due to the applications of salt stress attenuators

The use of substances attenuating the harmful effects of salts on plants is an important strategy for the use of salt water in agriculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, gas exchange and biomass accumulation of passion fruit seedlings (Passiflora edulis Sims) irrigated with salt water due to the application of salt stress attenuators. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with three replications, referring to the electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 dS m-1), three doses of humic acids (0, 10 and 20 mL) and two doses of citric acid (0 and 10 mL) as attenuators, respectively. Increased salinity of irrigation water reduced growth, accumulation of dry shoot biomass and gas exchange (stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, CO2 internal concentration) of passion fruit sourced seedlings. Citric acid did not attenuate the negative effects of the salts and negatively interfered in the growth and accumulation of dry biomass of the shoots of passion fruit, mainly to the seedlings irrigated with water of low salinity. Humic substances at a dose of 20 mL promoted higher growth of passion fruit sprouts but were not sufficient to attenuate the negative effects of irrigation water salts. Therefore, citric acid and humic substances, under the conditions of the study, are not an option to use saline water in the production of passion fruit seedlings

Production of passion fruit seedlings by grafting using native passiflora species rootstocks

To obtain uniform passion fruit plantations, the aim of this research is to analyze the development of rootstocks and grafted seedlings, using the following treatments: non-grafted Passifora edulis and grafted with two different method: single grafting, P. edulis on P. caerulea and P. edulis on P. giberti, and double grafting, P. edulis on P. giberti and P. caerulea, on the same plant, with 3 replicates in 2 blocks. The germinative potential of seeds of the three species used was evaluated according to the storage period, viability of the grafting methods used, plant height after the juvenile period and relative growth rate. It was observed that treatments of passion fruit on P. caerulea obtained good initial development, reducing more sharply in the last data collection compared to treatments of passion fruit on P. giberti and double grafting. For non-grafted passion fruit, there was matter accumulation at the beginning of plant development, with reduction throughout collections, with tendency to stabilization, mainly approaching flowering. It was verified that non-grafted plants tend to start developing first, showing physiological advance, when compared to double grafting or single grafting with P. caerulea, also due to the rootstock vigor, which presents low potential. Using P. giberti as a rootstock seems to be more viable for the passion fruit culture.

Different substrates and environments in the production of passion fruit seedlings

The substrate has great importance in seedling production. Its choice must be carefully considered, since it can provide the best conditions for seed germination and seedling development. This study evaluates which light and substrate favor the production of good quality passion fruit seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia, in Cruz das Almas city, Bahia State, Brazil. The design was completely randomized, in a 4x5 factorial scheme, with four substrates: 1) Soil; 2) Soil + NPK (N: 100 kg ha -1 ; P: 100 kg ha -1 ; and K: 50 kg ha -1 ); 3) Soil + cattle manure (3:1); and 4) Soil + cattle manure (3:1) + NPK (N: 100 kg ha -1 ; P: 100 kg ha -1 ; and K: 50 kg ha -1 ), and five light conditions: (1) ChromatiNet® red shade net; 2) Blue shade net (Polysack Plastic Industries); 3) Thermo-reflective Aluminet® shade net; 4) Black shade net; and 5) Full sun. Seedlings were collected after 60 days, and plant growth was analyzed. Seedlings grown under the thermo-reflective mesh with the substrate soil + cattle manure had the highest leaf dry mass. The best conditions to produce passion fruit seedlings are: soil + cattle manure and soil + cattle manure + NPK, using thermo-reflective and red shade nets and the full sun environment.

Nitrogen concentrations and proportions of ammonium and nitrate in the nutrition and growth of yellow passion fruit seedlings

Despite the importance of nitrogen (N) supply to plants, there are still doubts concerning the optimal relations of ammonium and nitrate in the nutrition of yellow passion fruit seedlings. This study aims to evaluate the interaction between nitrogen concentrations and ammonium and nitrate proportions in the nutrition, growth, and dry matter production of passion fruit seedlings grown in a substrate with a nutrient solution. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in randomized complete block design with three replications in a 4 × 5 factorial design, consisting of four N concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mmol L−1) and five ammonium proportions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in relation to the total N supply). At 60 days after transplanting, green color index; accumulation of N, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in roots and shoots; stem diameter; leaf area; root length; nitrogen use efficiency (NUE); and dry matter of roots and shoots were evaluated. For the formation of seedlings of yellow passion fruit, the nutrient solution should have 13 mmol L−1 of N, with 40% of this nutrient in the form of ammonium. The passion fruit is a plant tolerant to ammonium. However, a critical concentration above 5.7 mmol L−1 of NH4+ in the nutrient solution decreases absorption of cations, NUE, and production of dry matter.

Use of Salines Waters and Biofertilizers in Quality of the Seedlings From Passiflora edulis Evaluated by the Dry Phytomass

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the biofertilizers (common and enriched) in substrate irrigated with saline waters on the quality of the seedlings evaluated by the phytomass from yellow Passiflora edullis. In this sense, an experiment was carried in a greenhouse at the Center of Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity CCAB/UFCA, Crato-CE, from October/2017 to March/2018. The substrate used was a material of the first 20 cm to depth of a Red Yellow Latosol. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme of type 5 × 3, with three replications, referring to the electrical conductivity values of the irrigation water: 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1, in the soil without the bovine biofertilizer; in treatments with common biofertilizer and, evaluated in the soil with enriched biofertilizer, conditioned in black polyethylene bags with it a maximum capacity of 5.0 kg, totaling 60 treatments. The fermented bovine biofertilizer after dilution in non-saline and non-chlorinated water (0.5 dS m-1), in the proportion of 1:3, was applied only once to 10% of the substrate volume, two days before sowing. The salinity increase of the irrigation water affected negatively the phytomass production, but with less intensity in the treatments with enriched biofertilizer. The enriched and common biofertilizer provided higher growth and consequently higher phytomass production of passion fruit seedlings in relation to the soil without the respective input, independently of the level of salinity of irrigation water.

English

The production of passion fruit seedlings constitutes one of the important stages of the production system and the importance of substrate for the seedlings growth and plant performance in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different composting organic wastes in the substrate composition for production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. The experiment had been conducted in the Centre of Human, Social and Agricultural Sciences at The Federal University of Paraiba. The experimental design was randomized block design, with six treatments, goat composite + soil (CCP+S), poultry composite + soil (AC+S), bovine composite + soil (CB+S), rabbit composite + soil (CCO+S), earthworm humus + soil (MH + S), and soil (S) and S in the ratio of 2:1 (v/v) and five repetitions. Emergency speed index, emergency percentage, stem diameter, seedling height, leaf number, root length, fresh root mass, shoots fresh mass, total of fresh mass, dry mass of root, dry mass of branches, total dry mass, chlorophyll a, b and total, and Dickson quality index were assessed. The compounds in the constitution of substrates exerted significant effect on the characteristics evaluated in the passion fruit, which may be related to the availability of nutrients to the substrate. The substrates containing CCP+S and CCO+S provided better growth, chlorophyll contents and quality of “Serra” yellow passion fruit seedlings. Key words: Initial growth, Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg., waste reuse, chlorophyll indexes.

Crescimento e absorção de nutrientes por mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo em substratos orgânico e comercial e adubação nitrogenada

The conventional method for producing seedlings in containers uses substrates prepared with additional fertilizers. Thus, a suitable formulation of the substrate can reduce the need for supplementary fertilization. The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the growth and nutrient absorption by seedlings of yellow passion fruit in organic commercial substrates with and without nitrogen fertilization. The factorial scheme 4 x 2 was used, with four substrates consisting of mixture of textile waste and soil in a ratio of 1:1 (v/v), textile waste and soil in the proportion 2:1 (v/v), earth and manure in the proportion 2:1 (v/v), and a commercial substrate Bioplant® and two levels of additional fertilizers, with and without nitrogen, distributed in a completely randomized design with four replications and 10 plants per plot. Evaluation of seedling size and nutrient content in dry mass was done at 50 days after emergence. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and comparison of means by the Scott-Knott grouping at 0.05 error probability. The substrate formulated with manure provided the formation of passion fruit seedlings with larger size and higher nutrient levels. The production of passion fruit seedlings can be made using substrates formulated with 25% manure, without the need for additional fertilizers. To use commercial substrate Bioplant® for the production of passion fruit seedlings the supplemental fertilization is necessary. The substrate formulation with the mixture of the textile industry, the proportion should be less than 50%, considering the contents of K to meet the nutritional demand of yellow passion fruit seedlings.