Production Of Oyster Mushroom Research Articles

The growth and productivity of gray oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fries) Singer) in the Limau Manis Area of Padang City

The research about The Growth and Productivity of Gray Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fries) Singer) in The Limau Manis of Area Padang City was conducted from February to July 2021 at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University. The research was aimed to observe the growth of gray oyster mushrooms mycelium on corn and bag log media, to determine the productivity value of gray oyster mushrooms on bag log media. The research was conducted by survey methods and analyzed descriptively using images, tables, and graphs. The results showed that the average growth of gray oyster mushroom mycelium on corn media was 0.83 cm/day and 1.02 cm/day on bag log media. The highest productivity of gray oyster mushrooms reached 48.59% with the highest total body weight of 388.73 g. The highest number of fruiting body cap is 43 pieces. While the weight of the heaviest fruiting body cap reached 30.6 g with the largest cap diameter was 17.5 cm.

Kandungan Gizi Jamur Tiram pada Substrat Kayu Sengon dan Klaras Pisang

The study was conducted to observe the growth, fruiting body production and nutritional contents of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotussp., wild HS isolate) grown on 300 g of mixed substrate between sengon sawdust (Albizia chinensis) (SGKS) and dried banana leaves or klaras (Musa sp.) and compared with SGKS, the commonly used single substrate. Both substrates were added with 15% bran, 1.5% lime and 1.5% gypsum. The production of mushroom fruiting bodies on mixed substrates was higher than that of single substrate with biological efficiency of 27.24% and 22.00%, respectively. Likewise, the protein content of the mixed substrate was much higher than that of the single substrate, 19.6% and 10.9%, respectively, while the crude fiber and carbohydrate contents were slightly higher in the single substrate, respectively 8.76% and 54 ,37%. Further research needs to be carried out on a mixed substrate of at least 500 g to get a more complete pattern of the production and biological efficiency.

Utilization of functional agro-waste residues for oyster mushroom production: Nutritions and active ingredients in healthcare.

A large amount of agro-industrial residues are produced from the planting, production and processing of traditional Chinese herbs. As a tonic, edible, and economical herb, Codonopsis pilosula root has been extensively developed into medicine and functional food. However, thousands of tons of aerial parts (stems, leaves, flowers and fruits) have been directly discarded after harvest each year. To utilise agro-wastes, Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated on a basal substrate supplemented with C. pilosula stems and leaves (CSL). Physicochemical analyses revealed that the basal substrate mixed with CSL was more abundant in cellulose, hemicellulose, and most of micronutrients such as K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn and Mo. After the first flush, the fruit bodies in CSL group exhibited a higher fresh weight, a wider average pileus diameter and a lower moisture level. Nutrition analyses presented a higher protein content and a lower fat content in mushrooms from CSL group compared with control group. Interestingly, 14 amino acids (glutamine, arginine, valine, leucine, and etc.) and 3 micronutrients (Se, Fe and Zn) were increased after CSL addition to the substrate. Based on untargeted metabolomics, a total of 710 metabolites were annotated. Compared with control group, there were 142 and 117 metabolites significantly increased and decreased in the CSL group. Most of them were grouped into classes of amino acids and peptids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, and etc. Moreover, an abundance of phytometabolites from Codonopsis were detected in P. ostreatus from CSL group, including polyacetylenes or polyenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, organic acids, and etc. UPLC-MS/MS results demonstrated that lobetyolin content in the CSL group samples was 0.0058%. In summary, the aerial parts of C. pilosula processed for use in the production of edible mushroom is an emerging strategy to converting agricultural waste into functional foods.

Evaluation of Different Substrates for the Production and Economics of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Evaluation of Different Substrates for the Production and Economics of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Performance of Various Agroforestry Wastes for the Cultivation of Elm Oyster Mushroom Hypsizygus ulmarius (Agaricomycetes) in India and Its Biochemical Constituents

<i>Hypsizygus ulmarius</i>, a species with high biological efficiency, is multi-nutrient and is a medically good source of myco-chemicals. A study was carried out to evaluate different types of spawn to produce <i>H. ulmarius</i> utilizing various agroforestry wastes. Among seven different grain substrates evaluated, pearl millet grains were found to be the best substrate for spawn production as it supports much faster (11 d) and enhanced growth of <i>H. ulmarius</i>. A minimum period (13.67 d) was recorded for the complete spawn run, time taken for the first flush (20.33 d) along with the maximum number (38.33) of sporocarps produced in the wheat straw substrate. The longest stipe length (6.40 cm) was however, recorded in pine needles while the maximum (9.10 cm) cap diameter was found in maize straw substrate spawned with pearl millet grains spawn. Out of seven locally available substrates evaluated for production and yield parameters of <i>H. ulmarius</i>, maximum yield (640.00 g/0.5 kg dry substrate) having 128 percent biological efficiency was obtained when the wheat straw substrate was used significantly followed by wheat and maize grains spawn on the same substrate. Minimum time for spawn run, maximum number of sporocarps, maximum yield and biological efficiency was recorded in wheat straw substrate showing the best production substrate for <i>H. ulmarius</i> using pearl millet grains spawn. The results showed that agroforestry wastes can be alternatively used as potential substrates for cultivating <i>H. ulmarius. H. ulmarius</i> contain high amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fibers, unsaturated fatty acids, enzymes, and plenty of minerals among the commercially cultivated species. This mushroom has a good profile of vitamins, including B<sub>1</sub> (thiamine), B<sub>2</sub> (riboflavin), B<sub>3</sub> (niacin), A (retinol) and C (ascorbic acid), all of which are suitable for diet formulation and act as sources of energy.

THE PROSPECT AND CHALLENGES OF WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM MARKETING (Pleurotus ostreatus)

This study aimed to determine the prospects and challenges of white oyster mushroom production and marketing in Davao City. This was conducted at Baguio Calinan District, Davao City, from March 2022 to May 2022 for 3 months duration. The mushroom production at Rosit Cacao Farm started in March 2022 as a trial with a 70 square meters (70 m2) house. One thousand fruiting bags (1,000) weighing one kilogram each with three propagules that cost Php 30.00 each were purchased from the small-scale mushroom culture laboratory at Manambulan, Davao City. For the ready-to-fruit fruiting bags used in the start-up business, the sanitation practices are based on technical recommendations from the Bureau of Plant Industry and Department of Agriculture—XI Mushroom Production Division. The mushrooms were harvested once they reached the desired sizes. Fruiting usually takes 2-3 weeks after incubation before the harvestable fruit size emerges, and fruiting bag productivity can last up to six (4) months under favorable conditions. Observation showed that using packaging materials and chiller, the shelf life of the mushrooms was only 4 days at most. Marketing via an online platform was used by the operators to gain more attention from prospective buyers. Based on inquiries from the local wet markets and restaurants, they are not selling white oyster mushrooms because vendors and customers are not used to buying them and there were no white oyster mushrooms available in supermarkets. For the duration of 3 months, the total volume of fresh oyster mushroom sold was only 107.5 from the 252.5 kilograms total yield. The first and second month have the highest yield per day, averaging to 4.6 kilograms per day, with an average harvest day of 25 days a month and decreased to a once-a-day basis further. The average daily yield was only 2.3 kilograms until the end of the third month. Mushroom production is indeed a promising opportunity as per previous reports and theory, but based on this study, there is a need to establish a stable market and the management aspects. The technology is factually critical and complex, but due to practical thinking skills, many were able to generate profit without investing in the whole technology itself. Stil, mushroom production shows potential aspect to the household women and farmers as additional income.

Response to Growth And Production Of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) With The Addition Of Bran And Some Molasses Concentrations In Baglogs

Traditionally, oyster mushroom cultivation uses a simple method, namely by utilizing wood sawdust that have undergone weathering as a planting medium (baglog). To support the growth and production of oyster mushrooms, need add nutrients such as rice bran and molasses to baglogs. This study aims to determine the growth and production of oyster mushroom plants by adding bran and molasses to baglogs. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions are: 1) the addition of bran 20% per baglog gives the best results on the volume of mycelium, the diameter of the fruit hood, and the wet weight of the fruit, 2) the concentration of molasses does not affect all parameters and 3) the interaction of adding bran 30% per baglog with a molasses concentration of 360 cc per dough on the speed of appearance of pinheads and the wet weight of the fruit.

Influence of substrate pasteurization, bag dimensions and organic supplement practices on yield and yield attributing parameters of Indian oyster mushroom, Pleurotus pulmonarius

Pleurotus mushroom, generally referred to as ‘Oyster mushroom or Dhingri’ in India is relatively new to the mushroom industry. In India, Odisha is a leading state in terms of oyster mushroom production. The condition in most of agro-climatic situation in Odisha are suitable for growing oyster mushroom from month of July to February comprising of the rainy and winter season. Pleurotus pulmonarius is a potential protein source especially in developing countries, besides having minerals and vitamins. Besides its edibility it has also got pharmaceutical properties. Hence, Pleurotus pulmonarius could well be incorporated in to the mushroom farming system during winter season besides the ruling species, as this species was not in cultivation earlier. Four different substrate pasteurization methods along with untreated done (control) were evaluated for their yield potential and superiority of steam treatment of substrate in terms of realization of mushroom yield (98.90%) was established in the investigation. However, yield obtained (96.63%) out of the treatment pasteurized with chemical was statistically at par with the steam treatment, through it was associated with longer incubation period (17.50 d) and crop duration (24.25 d). The untreated substrate (control) produced the lowest yield (79.28%). Nine organic supplements including control were evaluated for their influence on yield and yield attributing parameters of Pleurotus pulmonarius. The biological efficiency was reported numerically highest (93.37%) in boiled wheat which was at par with the yields realized from chicken manure (93.07%), boiled maize (92.53%), rice bran (92.33%), untreated control (91.07%), maize meal (91.10%) and bengal gram powder (90.99%). Among the six diverse bag dimensions, 30 × 25 cm bag accommodating 1500g substrate was superior in respect of biological efficiency.Â

Crop residues and agro-industrial by-products from the province of La Rioja (Argentina) suitable for oyster mushroom culture

Large amounts of lignocellulosic residual biomass are generated annually in La Rioja province (Argentina). We have performed a survey to identify crop residues and agro-industrial by-products in the province, which could be suitable for oyster mushroom culture. We characterized their morphological composition and estimated a proxy of the mass that is generated annually by each of them. We have also evaluated the availability of the biomass by assessing the processing, distribution, seasonality, cost and other common uses that may compete with its application as substrate. Eight residual crops and eight agro-industrial by-products were identified, being olive and grape pomace the most abundant, followed by grape pruning, and olive and jojoba litter. These last two in addition to Prosopis bran and olive pits, did not register use as a substrate for the production of oyster mushrooms. In biological efficiency (BE) assays with commercial strains of Pleurotus species we recorded BE ranging from 28% to 72% depending on the substrate and fungal species. In a context of high quality food production deficit and nutritional problems related to it, this province has an interesting potential to introduce the production and consumption of oyster mushrooms as a feasible solution for food supply regional.

Science and Technology in Manufacture of Oyster Mushroom Seedlings

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) currently are in high demand because of their good taste and very high protein content. This nutritious and healthy food source make oyster mushrooms a preferable commodity in meeting food needs. It can be marked by the growing demand for oyster mushrooms while oyster mushroom production has not been able to meet the needs of the market, especially mushroom farmers in North Sumatra began to go from just farming by starting from a baglog that was ready to harvest, to providing its own seedlings. Farmers are expected to be able to produce initial seeds directly from fresh mushrooms that have commercial values. This program provides knowledge to farmers on how to develop seeds from fresh mushrooms to produce F-0, F-1, F-2 F-3 and finally baglog. Socialization, live demonstrations and interviews have been conducted by the team. Techniques for obtaining good seedlings by working with aseptic culture techniques and sterilization of growing media have also been given briefly to farmers. This program is expected that farmers have skills in producing seeds with subculture methods, as well as gain knowledge on using sterilization and aseptic techniques to be able to produce good and quality seeds.

Assistance in strengthening oyster mushroom business management for people with disability of Restu Abadi

In order to address DPO Restu Abadi's business management issues, including limited oyster mushroom production capacity and quality, packaging, conventional product marketing with limited range, business legality, human resource management, and financial management, this community service is being performed. Culinary professionals, brand activists, and experts in oyster mushroom cultivation were all involved in this activity, which was carried out through training and mentoring practices. This program has been successful in raising the standard of packaging, including branding and labels, expanding the market reach with digital marketing, and processing business permissions (NIB and P-IRT). Whereas in the production aspect, the service team facilitates the addition of production facilities in the form of kumbung, baglog, and baglog sterilization equipment.

Potential Enhancement in The Nutritional Value of Local Agro-Waste Through Cultivation of Pink Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus djamor)

The present study aimed to examine the effect of locally available agro-industrial wastes on the growth and productivity of pink oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus djamor) and the potential use of substrates as animal feeding based on its compositional change following mushroom growth. A total of three substrate formulations labeled OPF (80% oil palm frond), CS (80% corn straw), and OPFCS (40% oil palm frond + 40% corn straw) were prepared. Aside from the earliest mycelium completion, pinhead formation, and fruiting bodies maturation, CS and OPFCS exhibit the best total yield, dry weight, and biological Efficiency. On the contrary, P. djamor grown in OPF resulted in the minimum in most of the parameters measured. Therefore, CS, single and in combination with OPF could be utilized as an alternative growing media for the cultivation of P. djamor. The analysis of chemical compositions showed that the growth of P. djamor significantly reduced the crude fiber (CF) and increased the crude protein (CP) content of the mycelium-treated substrate. In contrast, THE CP content of the spent is unchanged or relatively lower than that of the initial substrate. It can be concluded that compared to the spent, mycelium-treated substrate had higher values of being used for animal feeding.

Assessing the Potential of Livestock and Plantation Businesses in Several Lampung Regions

Farms and plantations have the potential to thrive in various Lampung locations, including Pesawaran, Pringsewu, South Lampung, Tulang Bawang, and Bandar Lampung city. Lampung Province has a reasonably significant and abundant potential for agricultural natural resources, including the potential for agricultural business development, as shown in the development of banana, corn, cassava, and oyster mushroom production. One of the manufacturers is Lampung Province. Poultry farming is one of the most popular enterprises in the livestock sector, because it can be started on a small size and scaled up to a large scale. Laiding hens, quail cultivation, ducks, and catfish farming are some of the livestock sub-key sector's commodities in Lampung Province. The goal of this research is to identify the potential of livestock and plantation businesses in various locations of Lampung, revenue and income, features of business feasibility, and whether or not business developments in these areas are practicable. This research method employs a quantitative description method. This survey activity employs a direct approach with observation and interview techniques as a data gathering instrument. The information gathered is both primary and secondary. Based on the findings of the identification of business opportunities in the livestock and plantation sectors conducted in various locations throughout Lampung, it can be concluded that all of the businesses studied in this study are viable to pursue in terms of BEP, ROI, R/C Ratio, and Payback Periods.

King oyster mushroom production in axenic blocks supplemented with brewery residue

King oyster mushroom production in axenic blocks supplemented with brewery residue

Empowerment for Increasing of White Oyster Mushroom Cultivation to the Next Level

This service partner is a white oyster mushroom cultivator and is classified as an economically productive partner, domiciled in Bedian Hamlet, Jambesari Village, Jambesari Darus Sholah District, Bondowoso Regency. He was domiciled in Bedian, Jambe Sari Village, Jambesari Darus Sholah District, Bondowoso Regency. Service Objectives: (1) partner to be more productive and have high entrepreneurial value (2) student can be improve the experience of studying outside the campus as one of the MBKM implementations. Implementation of activities includes: (1) Planning, (2) Administration preparation and Team coordination, (3) Continuous assistance from pre-production to post-production, (4) Evaluation (5) Controlling. The results of the activities: (1) Overcoming constraints on kumbung conditions, (2) Overcoming obstacles during the baglog filling process, (3) Overcoming obstacles in the baglog sterilization process, (4) Overcoming obstacles in the process white oyster mushroom production, (5) Overcoming obstacles in the post-production process, (6) providing added value to the production of white oyster mushrooms into mushroom chips.

OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION- A LOW COST ENTERPRISE ADOPTED BY TRIBAL ENTREPRENEURS TRAINED UNDER ASCI SCHEME OF MINISTRY OF MSDE, GOI

India is primarily an agriculture based country and provides vast potential for the cultivation of mushrooms due to ample availability of raw materials and favorable climatic conditions. Mushroom production is simple, low cost and plays a significant role to alleviate poverty and generate employment opportunity for educated unemployed youth in rural and semi-urban areas. Agriculture Skill Council of India (ASCI) working under the aegis of Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE), upgrading skills of farmers, wage workers, self-employed & extension workers engaged in organized / unorganized segments of Agriculture & Allied Sectors. Under this project a skill development training programme of 200 hrs namely 'Mushroom Grower' had been allotted to KVK Tapi during 2018-19 with a total allocation of 1.65 lakhs. Total 20 tribal participants were actively participated. As per the guideline of MSDE, after completion of training, post monitoring and tracking of mushroom grower were also followed. 40% trained participants adopted this technology and commenced oyster mushroom production. Worth of 0.25 lakh to 4.00 lakh were earned by the entrepreneurs. By this way, Government Initiatives i.e. upgrading skills of farmers, wage workers and make them self-employed through ASCI scheme have been proved by uplifting the rural livelihood.

Production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on sawdust supplemented with anaerobic digestate

Anaerobic digestion of organic waste results in production of biogas and a nutrient-rich digestate that has an established use as fertilizer in plant production. This study evaluated use of anaerobic digestate based on a high concentration of organic household waste as a fertilizer in sawdust-based production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). Inclusion of 0.5 L of anaerobic digestate (AD) per kg sawdust gave similar productivity in terms of biological efficiency (79.5 ± 5.4 %), and protein concentration (24.7 ± 2.4 % of dry weight (dw)) as standard mushroom substrate (78.1 ± 5.3 %, and 21.9 ± 3.0 % of dw, respectively). However, mushroom growth was impaired at the highest concentration of anaerobic digestate tested, 1 L digestate per kg dw sawdust. Comparison of the AD-fertilized substrate with a mushroom substrate with standard components (sawdust, wheat bran, calcium sulfate) and with similar C/N-ratio revealed some differences in elemental composition of the fruiting bodies, with an major increase in sodium concentration for the AD-fertilized substrate compared with the standard substrate (413.3 ± 28.9 and 226.7 ± 30.6 mg kg−1 dw, respectively). This difference can be explained by high sodium concentration in the anaerobic digestate, most likely due to inclusion of food scraps from households and restaurants in the biodigester feedstock. Screening of both substrates for a total of 133 micropollutants revealed that total sum of micropollutants was significantly higher in the AD-fertilized substrate (258 ± 12 ng/g dw substrate) than in the standard substrate (191 ± 35 ng/g dw substrate). Nitrogen losses during preparation of the AD-fertilized substrate were negligible.

Inffect of Composition Growing Medium on The Production And Quality for White Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) has a high nutritional content and is low in fat. Oyster mushrooms have the advantage that they can grow in various media naturally (on woody tree trunks) and other media such as sawdust, corn straw, bagasse, peanut shells, and other similar media. Mushrooms are foodstuffs that have a high nutritional content. One type of mushroom that is often consumed is oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms are high in carbohydrates and protein but low in fat. The need for oyster mushrooms every year has an increase of 5%, so that in 2015 the need for oyster mushrooms reached 21.9 tons / year. Growing media is one of the important factors that greatly affect the growth of fungi. The substrate of the fungus must be high in organic matter. Some alternative materials that can be used as material for mushroom media come from agricultural waste or waste such as corn straw and bagasse. The purpose of this study is to obtain a combination of media compositions in the cultivation of white oyster mushrooms that are appropriate for the production and quality of white oyster mushrooms. This research was carried out at the Agrotechnology Education Park (TAMESIA), Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, University of Muhammadiyah Malang in December 2021 – June 2022. The resource obtained were analyzed using a simple Non-Factorial Complete Randomized Design / (RAL) which was then further tested using BNJ level of 5%. The treatment response showed an influence on the growth of the mycelium, the wet weight of the harvest, harvest dry weight as well as the nutrient content of white oyster mushrooms.

Smart Farming Untuk Pengaturan Suhu Ruangan Pada Budidaya Jamur Tiram Berbasis Backpropagation

The problem with mushroom cultivation is the difficulty of regulating the room temperature of mushrooms, especially oyster mushrooms. The optimal production of oyster mushrooms is at temperatures between 25 C - 27 C. To regulate or manipulate humidity and room temperature to water the kumbung or mushroom room. The watering process is carried out several times to stabilize the room temperature during the day.To overcome the watering that is done manually, Automatic Temperature Control and Monitoring of Oyster Mushrooms Based on GSM Sim800l Arduino Uno is made. This tool uses a DHT11 sensor, relay, 16x2 LCD, GSM Sim 800L, and Stepdown. The test was carried out in a mushroom kumbung measuring 10.7m long, 5.9m wide, and 3.5m high. Watering time is done by observing the data at room temperature. The data is then studied using a backpropagation. This method aims to identify the pattern of watering time so that the optimal watering time is produced. The test results show that the tool can monitor the temperature and humidity of the kumbung mushroom with the following values: temperature 27°C - 33°C and humidity 70% - 90%. The introduction of mushroom watering patterns with BPNN showed an error rate of 40%.

Bacterial microbiota profiling of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) based on cultivation methods and distribution channels using high-throughput sequencing

The annual consumption and production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) have continued to rise due to its nutritive and health-promoting benefits. Cultivated mushrooms are mostly grown in small to medium-scaled scale production plants that present hygienic challenges which could, in turn, increase associated foodborne pathogenic outbreaks. The present study aimed to investigate the shift in microbial ecologies of oyster mushrooms from pre-distribution (cultivation in bottles or on shelves) to post-distribution at supermarkets and open-air markets. Aerobic plate counts and coliforms were quantified using traditional microbiological techniques, and the microbiome associated with oyster mushrooms (n = 70) was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing for an enhanced level of bacterial microbiota profiling. Overall, coliforms recovered from pre-distribution bottle-cultivated mushrooms were 1.9 log CFU/g higher (p < 0.05) than that of shelf-cultivated mushrooms. The mean aerobic plate counts of oyster mushrooms distributed to open-air markets was 1.2 log CFU/g higher (p < 0.05) than packaged mushrooms from supermarkets while there were no significant differences in coliform counts. The pattern of bacterial composition differed by post-distribution channels, with oyster mushrooms collected from the open-air markets demonstrating the richest microbiome diversity. An increase in the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (55–68 %) and Pseudomonadaceae (27–35 %) was observed in pre- and post-distribution mushrooms, respectively. However, no distinct bacterial microbiota differences were observed for the different cultivation methods or different geographical locations for each market type. The current findings add to our understanding of the effects of cultivation methods and commercial distribution channels regarding the microbiome of oyster mushrooms and may inform potential intervention strategies for future production and distribution processes. Furthermore, the tandem analyses of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods can provide more comprehensive information than that obtained when using each approach independently.