Orange Production Research Articles

CAN THE SMALL-SCALE PRODUCERS OF NAVEL ORANGE RESIST THE STABILITY OF THE FARM GATE PRICES AND THE SOAR OF THE INPUT PRICES WITHIN THE BIOPHYSICAL FACTORS?

Egypt Navel orange planted area reached about 174.6 thousand acres during the average period of 2012-2020. Delta governorates is the major orange’s productive region in Egypt with 97.4% of the total production of the country. 87.2% of orange’s planted area came from only five Delta governorates. The top planted area governorates are El Behera with an acreage area representing about (41.3%), followed by Qalyoubia (16.7%), Ismailia (11.1%), Menufia (9.54%) and Sharqiya (8.52%) of total planted areas during the period 2012-2020. El-Behera is the major Navel orange’s productive governorate in Egypt with (43.9%) of Egyptian total production of Navel orange, followed by Qalyoubia (18.8%), Menufia (9.2%), Ismailia (8.3) and Sharqiya (7.7%) of Navel orange total production during the period 2012-2020. In recent years, small scale farmers have experienced technical, environmental and economic problems. This study will shade light on the economic problems because fruit prices have come to a standstill or even decreased while the production costs have risen continuously. The present study depends on data collected from the private small farm planted with Washington Navel orange trees [Citrus sinensis L.(Osbeck)] since 1968, which is located in Minyat as Siba, Benha-Qalyoubia governorate, Egypt. The result shows that the average values of fertilizers, pests and diseases account for a large proportion of the total costs, representing about 42.57% and 26.47% respectively from the total production costs during 2012-2022. Prices received for Navel oranges fluctuate markedly from year to year. This combined with fluctuations in yields. Over the period 2012 to 2022 farm gate prices of Navel orange averaged 2905 Egyptian pound (LE) per ton, with the minimum of LE 1750 per ton in 2012 and the maximum of LE 4000 per ton in the 2019, 2020 and 2021.

Profitability Analysis of Sweet Orange Production in Mamfe Municipality, Cameroon

This study aimed to investigate the profitability analysis of sweet orange production in Mamfe municipality, Cameroon. The study employed primary data collection through self-administered questionnaires to sweet orange farmers and a total of 200 samples were selected. The study used financial profitability analyses and percentage ranking to estimate the result. The gross return and net return for a hectare of the sweet orange orchard were 14155000 FCFA and 11759200 FCFA respectively for a 12 year sweet orange orchard. The NPV was estimated to be 4447824 FCFA per hectare of sweet orange orchard which indicates that sweet orange production fetches higher returns. The estimated BCR was 3.95 for a hectare of sweet orange orchard which shows that investment in sweet orange production is feasible for farmers. The production of sweet orange production was also found to be a profitable investment since the IRR was high (34.836%). The results also revealed that profits from sweet orange production have an impact on the livelihood of farmers. The result from the percentage ranking shows that the major constraints of sweet orange farmers are credit facilities, lack of agrochemicals, absence of extension services, high cost of farm inputs, high cost of labor, pests and diseases, and bushfires. The study concluded that sweet orange production was profitable and recommended that decision makers should promote sweet orange production via easy agricultural credits and others. This is a wise step towards improve well-being in Mamfe municipality in particular and Cameroon at large.

Exploring the effects of packaging on consumer experience and purchase behaviour: insights from eye tracking and facial expressions on orange juice

SummaryPackaging is crucial in attracting consumer attention, conveying product identity, influencing product perception and affecting approach‐based consumer behaviours. The present exploratory study aimed to gain insights into the effects of packaging on consumer experiences and the factors driving willingness to buy different orange juice products based on packaging. Eye tracking and facial expressions were used to capture the consumer perception journey, from the initial interaction to the final product evaluation. The study also examined hedonic liking, explicit emotions and different label attributes in the evaluation stage, and the importance of texture, price and the New Zealand (NZ)‐made logo in the validation stage. Results showed that the packaging's physical features significantly affected consumer's attention during the initial interaction stage. Implicit emotions provided deeper insights into consumers' preferences in the orientation stage. Nutritional information gained maximum visual attention (fixation counts = 0.40) in the evaluation stage, while the NZ‐made logo (odds ratio = 15.62) drove purchase intention. The study revealed that the packaging that attracted the maximum attention was not necessarily the one with the highest liking score. Moreover, consumers may not pay much visual attention to attributes (price, r = −0.22) that they reported to be important. By advancing our knowledge in this field, marketers and product designers can refine their strategies and create packaging that captures visual attention and evokes positive emotional responses, ultimately influencing consumer behaviours.

Determination of the Phenolic Content Levels in Freshly Prepared Juice.

The orange fruit is widely consumed in the world. They are used to manufacture orange juice which is commercially sold as bottled orange juice. The higher consumption of orange fruits and orange products is because it has an attractive taste, has no cholesterol, and contains potassium, carbohydrates, vitamins A and C as well as different classes of phenolic compounds that help in the protection of the human body system against free oxygen radicals. This study aimed to quantify the total phenolic acid content. The freshly prepared juice samples were obtained from three markets in Nairobi County (Ngara, Gikomba and Muthurwa). The total phenolic content (TPC) was done using the Folin-ciocalteu method. The total phenolic content of the fresh orange extract samples ranged from 129.75±0.39 mgGAE to 133.1±0.95 mgGAE, with Gikomba market having the highest levels and Ngara market had the lowest levels. It was discovered that the higher the total phenolic content the higher the percentage inhibition.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ПРОДУКТІВ ПЕРЕРОБЛЕННЯ ЦИТРУСОВИХ ЯК ДОБАВОК ДЛЯ МАЙОНЕЗНИХ СОУСІВ

The growth of the cultivation and processing of citrus fruits is accompanied by the formation of a large amount of waste, which contains a number of useful nutrients and can serve as a valuable biological resource for various fields of application. The vitamins, trace elements, dietary fibers present inthe composition allow you to use them as effective functional additives. The specificity of citrus dietary fibers is a large amount of protopectin, which determines their significant sorption properties. The ability of fibers to retain water makes them effective thickeners and attractive components of low-fat emulsion products, such as mayonnaise sauces. The article presents the results of a study of the properties of powders obtained from dried grapefruit and orange peels by grinding and dividing into fractions by sieving through sieves of different diameters. The indicators of the moisture-retaining capacity of grapefruit and orange powders, their blends and mixtures with coconut flour were determined. The stability of low-fat emulsion products obtained with the addition of the indicated additives in the amount of 5% to the recipe was studied.The introduction of grapefruit and orange powder additives into the low-fat mayonnaise sauce recipe will enrich them with dietary fibers, give a piquant taste and aroma, and contribute to the formation of a product with proper rheological properties and consistency.The analysis of research and publications showed that among the hydrocolloids used in the production of low-fat mayonnaise products, a special place is occupied by dietary fibers of citrus fruits with a high index of moisture retention capacity, which is higher than that of fibers from other raw materials, for example, carrots or oats. Considerable attention is paid to orange pulp powder products with a balanced content of soluble and insoluble dietary fibers, which serve as effective additives capable of retaining moisture and forming low-fat products with a thick consistency.The purpose of the article is to study the properties of grapefruit peel powder and its mixtures with other functional additives for low-fat mayonnaise sauces; determination of their moisture retention capacity; production and stability research of low-fat mayonnaise sauces based on them.For different size fractions of dried and crushed grapefruit and orange peel, indicators of moisture retention capacity were determined. It was established that this indicator has a larger value for the smallest fraction. For grapefruit powder with a particle size of less than 0.50 mm, the moisture retention capacity is 808%, and for orange -591%. A mixture of grapefruit and orange powder with different ratios of components was also found to have a high ability to retain water. Properties of mixtures of citrus powder and coconut flour were studied. Made samples of low-fat mayonnaise sauces with the addition of individual and complex functional additives in the amount of 5%. The effectiveness of their action was checked by determiningthe stability index of the manufactured emulsion products, which met the requirements set for mayonnaise and mayonnaise sauces by the current standard

Pengaruh Herbisida Nabati Untuk Menekan Pertumbuhan Gulma Tridax procumbens Pada Kebun Jeruk

Indonesia's orange production in 2014 increased from 1.78 million tonnes to 2.16 million tonnes. In 2016 orange production decreased by 2,212 tons. The decline in orange production was caused by weeds. Weeds cause a reduction in crop yields of up to 61%. The research aims to identify the types of weeds and the secondary metabolic potential of dominant weeds in citrus plants. The research results showed 10 families, 23 species and 400 individual weeds. The weed that has the highest SDR value is the grass type Tridax procumbens with a Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) value of 7.28%. Phytotoxicity in Tridax procumbens leaf plants is P4 with a concentration of 80g/l of 45.33. Wet weight and dry weight affect the P4 concentration with a concentration of 80g/l that most inhibits the growth of Tridax procumbens. Kirinyuh plants contain flavonoids of 250.24 mg/L, phenolics of 265.75 mg/L, and tannins of 242.38 mg/L. The high levels of phenolic compounds in kirinyuh weed have the potential to be used as a bioherbicide.

Use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to recognize the quality of oranges in Peru by 2023

Introduction: the agricultural sector in Peru has witnessed a notable increase in the production of oranges, which has promoted the essential use of convolutional neural networks (CNN). The ability to interpret images by visual artificial intelligence has been fundamental for the analysis and processing of these images, especially in the detection and classification of fruits, standing out in the specific case of oranges.Objective: conduct a systematic literature review (RSL) to evaluate the neural networks used in the classification of oranges in Peru.Method: an RSL was carried out using the PICO strategy to search the Scopus database. The selection criteria included studies that used convolutional neural networks to classify the quality status of oranges in the Peruvian context.Results: all the studies reviewed were based on the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for fruit classification, using various architectures and techniques. Some studies focused on a single specific fruit, while others addressed the classification of multiple types of fruits, highlighting the importance of the number and variety of images for training the networks.Conclusions: convolutional neural networks show effectiveness in orange classification, but the quality of the images and the variety of data are essential to improve accuracy

In Vitro Shoot Culture Growth of Pontianak Orange (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) with the Addition of Naphthalene Acetic Acid and 6-Benzyl Amino Purine

Pontianak siam orange (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) is an important agricultural commodity unique to Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. The demand for Pontianak siam oranges has been steadily increasing over the years, yet the production of Pontianak oranges has not been able to meet the domestic demand. The limited availability of superior seedlings is one of the reasons for this situation. Therefore, efforts are needed to fulfill the demand for Pontianak siam oranges by producing a large quantity of superior seedlings in a short period. One of the strategies that can be employed is in vitro propagation. This research aims to observe the growth of Pontianak Siamese orange shoot explants after administration of NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) and BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine). This research was conducted from January to June 2023 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors namely NAA concentrations with 4 levels (0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 mg/L), and BAP concentrations with 5 levels (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 mg/L). Parameters observed were the emergence time of shoot, shoot number, height of shoot, and the number of leaves. The results showed that single NAA, single BAP, and combination treatment of NAA and BAP significantly affected all growth parameters. Treatment with the addition of 0.25 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BAP (A1B2) was the treatment with the fastest shoot emergence time (2.80 days after planting), the largest number of shoots (2.60 shoots)the tallest shoots (1.50 cm), , and the greatest number of leaves (2.60 leaves).

Four New SuperSour Rootstocks for Improved Production of Sweet Orange in a Huanglongbing Environment

Four New SuperSour Rootstocks for Improved Production of Sweet Orange in a Huanglongbing Environment

Copper-alternative products to control anthracnose and Alternaria Brown spot on fruit of Tarocco sweet oranges and lemon in Italy

Colletotrichum and Alternaria species, causal agents of pre- and postharvest anthracnose and Alternaria brown spot (ABS) on fruit respectively, have been recently reported as emerging fungal pathogens on citrus in the Mediterranean area, causing severe economic losses. The control of these pathogens is increasingly problematic, particularly in organic citrus orchards where disease management largely relies on the use of copper-based antimicrobials. With limitations in the use of Cu compounds imposed by the European Commission, due to the demonstrated noxious effects on environment, research for alternative formulations is encouraged. In this work, copper-alternative products (basic substances, plant extract, biocontrol agent and their combinations) were tested on sweet orange clones (‘Tarocco Scirè’ and ‘Tarocco Tapi’) and lemon clone (‘Femminello Siracusano 2 KR’) for two - three consecutive growing seasons in three citrus orchards within one of the most representative Italian citrus production areas to control natural infections on fruit caused by Colletotrichum and Alternaria species. Results showed that, even under different disease pressure levels, chitosan, Equisetum arvense and sweet orange essential oil-based products, alone and in mixture, significantly reduced disease incidence and severity compared with untreated controls, often showing comparable or better efficacy than copper. The copper-alternative products were also subjected to benefit-cost analysis, that showed an increase in the costs of phytosanitary treatments, differing according to the products, often covered by a positive increase in the marketable production compared to untreated control or copper-treated fruits. The good efficacy of copper-alternative products, alone and in mixture, indicates the potential of their sustainable and large-scale use, useful for replacing or reducing the use of copper in integrated and organic citriculture.

Possible economic losses on the oranges production chain of Peru due to introduction of Huanglongbing (HLB): Simulation of prospective scenarios to 2045

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a citrus disease known for causing significant production losses, and its potential introduction into Peru looms on the horizon. The aim of this study was to assess the potential economic losses within the Central Jungle's orange production chain, specifically in the Region Junín. This assessment involved simulating the spread of HLB under prospective scenarios spanning from 2026 to 2045, aiming to estimate the cost-benefit of preventing these losses through the implementation of a national phytosanitary program (PNF). The methodology employed in this study comprised administering questionnaires to local growers and estimating economic losses across three scenarios. The first scenario assumed a baseline production trend without HLB presence, while the second scenario considered an epidemiological situation with HLB but without the implementation of a PNF. The third scenario factored in HLB with varying degrees of adoption among PNF-affiliated growers. The findings highlight several risk factors contributing to the potential spread of HLB in Junín. The epidemiological model reveals that HLB can swiftly render young trees unproductive. Cumulatively, economic losses from 2026 to 2045 could reach a staggering US$ 371,146 thousand if no intervention takes place. However, this figure could be significantly reduced to US$ 44,890 thousand if 100% of growers embrace the PNF. Such public policy measures would not only prevent production losses but also generate substantial social benefits. These scenarios underscore the stark negative impacts HLB could inflict on the local orange production chain. The implementation of the PNF proves to be a critical intervention, preventing production losses, preserving jobs, and safeguarding related economic activities. Without timely public intervention, the economic losses at stake could render the agribusiness sector unsustainable.

Insight into the Inhibitory Mechanisms of Hesperidin on α-Glucosidase through Kinetics, Fluorescence Quenching, and Molecular Docking Studies.

The α-glucosidase inhibitor is of interest to researchers due to its association with type-II diabetes treatment by suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia. Hesperidin is a major flavonoid in orange fruit with diverse biological properties. This paper evaluates the effects of hesperidin on α-glucosidase through inhibitory kinetics, fluorescence quenching, and molecular docking methods for the first time. The inhibition kinetic analysis shows that hesperidin reversibly inhibited the α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 18.52 μM and the inhibition was performed in an uncompetitive type. The fluorescence quenching studies indicate that the intrinsic fluorescence of α-glucosidase was quenched via a static quenching process and only one binding site was present between the hesperidin and α-glucosidase. The interaction between them was spontaneous and mainly driven by hydrogen bonds, as well as hydrophobic forces. Furthermore, the molecular docking results suggest that hesperidin might bond to the entrance or outlet part of the active site of α-glucosidase through a network of five hydrogen bonds formed between hesperidin and the four amino acid residues (Trp709, Arg422, Asn424, and Arg467) of α-glucosidase and the hydrophobic effects. These results provide new insight into the inhibitory mechanisms of hesperidin on α-glucosidase, supporting the potential application of a hesperidin-rich orange product as a hypoglycemic functional food.

Improving food sustainability by converting orange peel waste products into hydrogels using stirred media milling

There is a need for natural gelling ingredients within the food industry. We have shown that orange peel suspensions (OPS) form hydrogels when treated with a stirred media mill. Gels were formed when an aqueous 3% OPS was milled for longer than 60 min. Their gel strength increased with milling time, which was attributed to progressive disruption of the plant cell tissues and release of pectin and other polysaccharides. The water holding capacity and amount of bound water in the orange peel gels increased with milling time. Shear rheology experiments showed that the gels exhibited shear thinning and were predominantly elastic-like materials. FTIR analysis and addition of bond disruptive agents suggested that hydrophobic interactions between methoxy groups on the pectin were mainly responsible for crosslinking and gelation. Overall, our results suggest that stirred media milling may improve the utilization of orange peel as a functional ingredient in the food industry.

Optimization of macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations in roots and leaves for Florida HLB-affected sweet orange trees

Florida sweet orange production has declined largely due to Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. The causative agent, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) bacteria, lowers tree performance by reducing water and nutrient uptake. HLB-affected trees have a fibrous root density loss of about 30 to 50%, which increases as HLB symptoms develop in the canopy. Currently, no guidelines exist for optimal nutrient concentrations in citrus roots. This study aimed to develop root nutrient and fertilization guidelines for HLB-affected sweet orange trees. The research was conducted on two sites with 5- to 6-year-old ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees grafted on ‘Swingle’ rootstock. The two sites were representative of the different soil characteristics of the state of Florida, namely Ridge and Flatwood regions. Seven treatments were tested using a randomized complete block design. The Ridge soils site has a high density of trees of about 1359 trees ha−1 while the Flatwoods soils site of southwest Florida has a lower tree density of about 716 trees ha−1. The experiment began in May 2019 and concluded in May 2021. Foliar, root and soil samples were collected from both sites twice a year and nutrient concentrations were analyzed. No significant patterns were observed; however, differences in soil nutrients were found between sites. The obtained data represent trends that could become significant over a longer-term study which encompasses the two different citrus-growing regions in Florida. These lengthier trials are especially needed in the age of HLB in order to curb the declining citrus production.

Assessment of the environmental sustainability of citrus production in Uruguay using life cycle analysis

Citrus is the most important fruit crop in Uruguay in terms of production, area, and economy. Considering the great contribution of agri-food systems to environmental impacts, evaluating those associated with citrus production in the country becomes highly relevant to move towards sustainable food systems. In this line, the goal of this dissertation is to evaluate these environmental impacts using life cycle assessment (LCA) and to study key methodological aspects of its application to citrus production. Literature on citrus LCA is critically reviewed and four case studies are developed in representative agricultural holdings of the region, specifically, the production of lemons, mandarins and oranges, and the production of seedlings in nurseries. Impacts are assessed from cradle to gate, using both mass and area functional units and primary data for several growing seasons. The main environmental hotspots detected are on-field emissions from fertiliser application, irrigation, and copper oxides production. As to methodology, the relevance of using different functional units and addressing temporal variability and site-specificity of inventory data is highlighted, as well as using regionalised impact characterisation methods. It is observed that the contribution of the first stages of the crop to the environmental impacts of citrus production is low.

Provitamin A retention and sensory acceptability of landrace orange maize (MW5021) food products among school-aged children living in rural Malawi

Landrace orange maize is rich in carotenoids and is thought to be a potentially sustainable solution for Vitamin A deficiency. This study evaluated the acceptability of landrace orange maize food products among school-aged children living in rural Malawi. It also determined the retention of provitamin A carotenoids after storage in an uncontrolled environment, followed by milling and cooking. Sensory evaluations of porridge and nsima (thick porridge) were carried out in school-aged children (n = 160) using a 7-point hedonic scale. Total carotenoid content (TCC) was analysed using a spectrophotometric method and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the specific carotenoid composition of the food products. Sensory evaluation results showed a higher acceptance of landrace orange maize food products in comparison to those commonly prepared from white maize. Plain porridge scored 6.5 ± 1.4 and 5.6 ± 1.9 for orange and white maize, respectively. Similar results were observed with nsima. Orange maize nsima received a score of 6.8 ± 0.7 while white maize was evaluated at 5.8 ± 1.9. After 10 months of storage and processing, there was 89% retention of total carotenoids with 59% accounted for by evaluation of individual carotenoids. Despite the total degradation of beta-carotene, 42% retention of beta-cryptoxanthin with provitamin A activity was observed. Encouraging the production of landrace orange maize appears to be a useful strategy for providing Malawian farmers with carotenoid-rich foods with high palatability. It presents a cost-effective option to reduce dependence on supplementation and fortification.Graphical

Orange Peel Waste as Feedstock for the Production of Glycerol-Free Biodiesel by the Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata.

The bioconversion of agri-food waste into high-value products is gaining growing interest worldwide. Orange peel waste (OPW) is the main by-product of orange juice production and contains high levels of moisture and carbohydrates. In this study, the orange waste extract (OWE) obtained through acid hydrolysis of OPW was used as a substrate in the cultivation of the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata. Photoheterotrophic (PH) and Photoautotrophic (PA) cultivations were performed in OWE medium and f/2 medium (obtained by supplementing OWE with macro- and micronutrients of f/2 medium), respectively, for 14 days. The biomass yields in PA and PH cultures were 390 mg L-1 and 450 mg L-1, while oil yields were 15% and 28%, respectively. The fatty acid (FA) profiles of PA cultures were mostly represented by saturated (43%) and monounsaturated (46%) FAs, whereas polyunsaturated FAs accounted for about 10% of the FAs. In PH cultures, FA profiles changed remarkably, with a strong increase in monounsaturated FAs (77.49%) and reduced levels of saturated (19.79%) and polyunsaturated (2.72%) FAs. Lipids obtained from PH cultures were simultaneously extracted and converted into glycerol-free biodiesel using an innovative microwave-assisted one-pot tandem protocol. FA methyl esters were then analyzed, and the absence of glycerol was confirmed. The FA profile was highly suitable for biodiesel production and the microwave-assisted one-pot tandem protocol was more effective than traditional extraction techniques. In conclusion, N. oculata used OWE photoheterotrophically, resulting in increased biomass and oil yield. Additionally, a more efficient procedure for simultaneous oil extraction and conversion into glycerol-free biodiesel is proposed.

SOSIALISASI PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK UNTUK JERUK SIAM JESIGO DI NAGARI KOTO TINGGI KECAMATAN GUNUNG OMEH KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA

Gunung Omeh Sub-District is renowned for its production of Jesigo oranges. With an area spanning 156.54 km², one of the areas within Gunung Omeh Sub-District known for Jesigo orange cultivation is Nagari Koto Tinggi. As one of the largest Jesigo orange-producing regions in West Sumatra, it is essential to empower citrus farmers in Nagari Koto Tinggi to realize the Nagari Organik program through the socialization of organic fertilizer use in citrus farming to enhance soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. The objective of this initiative is to boost Jesigo orange production in Gunung Omeh Sub-District, particularly in Nagari Koto Tinggi, thereby increasing the income of citrus farmers. The method employed involves socialization and practical training related to organic fertilizer production. The findings from this initiative reveal that the community in Nagari Koto Tinggi had not been using organic fertilizer, even though farmers can produce it themselves. Citrus farming land is also provided with organic fertilizer due to a lack of knowledge and information regarding organic fertilizer production. Following participation in this program, the participants' knowledge and skills concerning the creation, benefits, and advantages of organic fertilizer have significantly improved. The aim is for the community to start producing organic fertilizer that can be directly applied to farmland, reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This shift is expected to decrease dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which have negative environmental and health impacts. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the people of Nagari Koto Tinggi will establish a cooperative dedicated to agriculture.

Analisis Kepuasan Konsumen Jeruk Siam Gunuang Omeh

<p><em>Gunuang Omeh Siamese orange or Jesigo is a siamese citrus variety that is cultivated in Gunuang Omeh District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra. Gunuang Omeh Siamese oranges are the leading agricultural commodity in Fifty Cities Regency. This orange is widely liked by the public but its promotion is still not widespread and it is still not distributed in good packaging. Therefore, it is necessary to see how consumer satisfaction with the Siam Gunuang Omeh product is based on the existing attributes. Based on these problems, research was conducted to see how consumer satisfaction with jesigo products was seen from the attributes. The analysis carried out was quantitative descriptive analysis using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method to identify the position of important attributes or priorities for jesigo consumers and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) analysis technique is used to analyze the level of consumer satisfaction with the quality of jesigo's products. The results of this study indicate that in the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) the position of the Gunuang Omeh Siamese Citrus attribute is spread to four quadrants where in quadrant A or the main priority quadrant there is only one attribute, namely the safe packaging attribute for the Gunuang Omeh Siam Orange product, for quadrant B. or the maintain achievement quadrant there are several attributes, namely taste, price and product cleanliness, sales locations are easy to find, for the C quadrant or low priority quadrant there are attractive packaging and promotional attributes, and for the D quadrant or excessive quadrant there are size and storability attributes. Furthermore, there is one attribute that lies between the two quadrants, namely the Jesigo aroma attribute which is located right on the dividing line between the maintain achievement quadrant and the excessive quadrant. The value of the Customer Satisfaction Index shows that the consumers of the Jeruk Siam Gunuang Omeh or Jesigo products feel "Satisfied" with the attributes of the Jesigo products offered with a satisfaction value of 79.92%.</em></p>

Emissions Reduction Strategies for the Orange and Cherry Industries in New South Wales.

The orange and cherry industries in New South Wales, Australia, are major horticulture industries with a high export value. Climate change has resulted in the carbon footprint of products being used by consumers to guide purchases meaning that products with a relatively high carbon footprint risk losing market access. The carbon footprint of cherry and orange production is unknown and there is no assessment of the success of climate change mitigation strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of their production and move production towards being carbon neutral. This study assesses the climate change mitigation potential of five management changes to on-farm cherry and orange production (revegetation, the use of nitrification inhibitors, renewable energy, green N fertilisers, and pyrolysis of orchard residues) over a 25-year period. for example, orchards in relevant growing regions. The results show that the carbon footprint of production can be reduced by 73 and 83% for cherries and oranges, respectively, when strategies that avoid emissions are included in their production. When strategies that sequester C from the atmosphere are also included, cherry and orange production becomes C negative in the first few years of the scenario. The economics of implementing these strategies are unfavourable, at present; however, our results indicate that the NSW cherry and orange industries can be confident in achieving emissions reductions in on-farm production to assure market access for their products.