Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Research Articles

Investigating the impact of carbon tax on socially responsible corporate governance: The case of South African motor vehicle manufacturers

Socially responsible corporate governance is an essential aspect of the contemporary corporate environment, and then especially in ensuring continuous sustainable development within a South African context. As such, it also encompasses broad environmentally focused aspects. The motor vehicle manufacturing industry in South Africa was among the first to be faced with the implementation of carbon taxes. This paper explores the policy decision to implement the carbon tax within the context of socially responsible governance in the motor vehicle manufacturing industry. The research methodology applied incorporates both review of supporting literature and an exploratory empirical case study. The research suggests that the industry is cognizant of the importance of environmental damage costs and their responsibility therein, while also indicating that corporate social investment in this industry was non-responsive to the implementation to carbon tax. The results also suggest that the current carbon tax rate may be adequately priced and is an effective instrument in lowering greenhouse gas emissions

Measuring and Statistical Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Iran Industries by DEA Method in Return Period of 2005 to 2013

In today world, improving efficiency and productivity is the way to compensate the limitation of production factors. Separated accurately measure of these indicators for each of the sectors and rankings can be used as utility for future policies of inefficient sectors, for this purpose, the technical efficiency of all Iran industries based on two numbers codes of ISIC is measured for more than ten working workshops and based on latest available information in Iran Statistic Center during 2005 to 2013. The technical efficiency calculation is done by Data envelopment analysis and BCC output-driven approach, in addition to labor and investment, energy variable is also considered. The obtained results of research show that the average of efficiency in sector in studied period has been 68% and industries of “Coal and coke industry, Motor vehicle and trailer manufacturing industry and industrial materials and chemical products” with one efficiency have been first rank and on the other side, the results of statistical analysis and Levin equality of variance test also show that despite the high variance in efficiency over the years, there have been consistency variance in efficiency over the years of the study and this issue can show uniformity of policies during the years 2003 to 2015 in relation with sector.

Impact of international outsourcing on the value adding of industries

Purpose – The value adding of each industry represents the value difference between the outputs and inputs of that industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of international outsourcing on the value adding of industries. Design/methodology/approach – Input output analysis and linear programming are used as for the research methodology. Australian Motor Vehicle and Parts Manufacturing (AMVPM) industry as an outsourcer and its main suppliers were selected for ten alternative international outsourcing scenarios in a case study. Findings – In all international outsourcing scenarios except the baseline scenario, the reduction in the value adding of Australia would be approximately three times more than the value adding reduction of the AMVPM industry. Moreover, the international outsourcing ratio has negative relationships with the value adding of the Australian industries and positive relationship with the international industries. Finally, it was found that the degree of supplier's dependency on the orders of the outsourcer effects the percentage reduction of supplier's value adding. Research limitations/implications – The aggregated data and the uncertainties in the technical coefficients are the main limitations of this research. The social and environmental costs, other tangible and intangible costs, as well as benefits of international outsourcing need to be further analysed in future research. Practical implications – This study would help decision makers at the macro level to analyse and control the effect of international outsourcing on the value adding of their economies. Originality/value – This study expands the current research at the industry level of international outsourcing by quantifying the effect of international outsourcing upon the value adding of all respected industries.

Policy Learning, Path Dependence and Australian Manufacturing, 197442014

The imminent demise of passenger motor vehicle manufacturing in Australia provides a good opportunity to view the trajectory of industry policy over the past 40 years (since the Whitlam government commenced the process of tariff cuts in 1973). With the exception of plans for restructuring a number of industries, the policy paradigm of economic rationalism has guided decision-making throughout that period. This way of framing policy has precluded both policy learning (because alternative viewpoints have been marginalised) and the formation of networks through which learning can occur. The paper argues that the growth and development of industry sectors is both path dependent, and vulnerable to tipping points. An essentially laissez-faire policy has hollowed-out, not only labour-intensive but also capital-intensive industries (such as food processing) that were once considered to offer significant opportunities for exports. Path dependence also directs our attention to ‘what might have been’. Of particular concern has been the failure to support new investment in science- and technology-based industries, and to link these activities with trade initiatives, and with the activities of state and territory governments. More broadly, the prolonged resources boom has resulted in Australian policy torpor in relation to manufacturing and associated services. The case of New Zealand, which has combined economic rationalism with real policy innovation and ‘attack’, demonstrates the importance both of incentives and focus in successful policy-making in this field.

The Impact Of Carbon Tax On Financial And Sustainability Reporting In South Africa: The Case Of Motor Vehicle Manufactures

Sustainability reporting in South Africa has emerged strongly in the last decade with evidence suggesting that corporate social responsibility assurance prevalence is growing among the top 100 publicly-listed companies. Multinational motor vehicle manufacturers will have to comply with all sustainable reporting requirements that incorporate South African motor vehicle subsidiary company results. Carbon excise tax was implemented on all passenger motor vehicles on 1 September, 2010 in South Africa. From an accounting perspective, the adequacy of carbon tax recognition and disclosures has not been assessed in South Africa. This paper examines the adequacy of carbon tax accounting disclosures by local motor vehicle manufacturers that are subject to such a tax as well as the compliance level of the related multinational motor vehicle holding companies in terms of sustainable reporting.

Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran dan Layanan Purna Jual terhadap Nilai Pelanggan serta implikasinya pada Kepuasan Pelanggan

The current phenomenon shows that despite the growth of market share increase, but if it is not accompanied by the ability to deliver value to the customer, then the customer will in turn be abandoned. Thus it becomes an important thing for a company to perform activities of creation and adding value to the customer explained. Therefore the competition that occurs is essentially strives to create superior customer value. With regard to customer value Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong (2008: 24) states, that by creating superior customer value, the company creates highly satisfied customers and remain loyal and want to buy again. The phenomenon that shows the problems of customer satisfaction Honda brand vehicles appear from the market share, which tends to decrease, as explained above. Based on these explanations, the formulation of the problem is; (1) How is the marketing mix, after-sales service, customer value, and customer satisfaction motorcycles Honda brand in Bandung, (2) How is the relationship between the marketing mix with after-sales service of two-wheel motor vehicles Honda brand in Bandung. (3) the extent of the marketing mix and sales services affect the customer value of two-wheel motor vehicles Honda brand in Bandung, (4) the extent of customer value effect on customer satisfaction motorcycles Honda brand in Bandung. In accordance with the nature of research is descriptive and verification, in this study used methods of descriptive survey and explanatory survey. The unit of analysis of this research is the level of the individual, namely the two-wheeled motor vehicle production Honda brand in 2009 in Bandung. Observations using time horizon with cross section data. Descriptive analysis of the research data can be used to enrich the discussion, and to describe the condition variable being studied.In the analysis of verification will be testing the hypothesis using structural equation modeling. Based on the research that has been done on the effect of the marketing mix performance and the performance of after-sales service to the customer value as well as its implications on customer satisfaction motorcycles of Honda production in 2009 in Bandung, conducted on 381 customers. A number of conclusions as follows: Performance marketing mix motorcycles of Honda production in 2009 in the city as a whole has done well, performance marketing mix motorcycles of Honda production in 2009 in the city as a whole has done well , performance marketing mix and the performance of after-sales services simultaneously affect the value of customers motorcycles of Honda production in 2009 in the city of Bandung, performance marketing mix affect the value of customers motorcycles of Honda production in 2009 in Bandung, performance service sales affect the value of customers motorcycles of Honda production in 2009 in the city of Bandung, customer value effect on customer satisfaction motorcycle brand Honda year 2009 production in Bandung.

Carbon Tax Implications On Corporate Social Investment In The South African Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Industry

Carbon excise tax was implemented on all passenger motor vehicles in South Africa as of 1 September 2010. Since its implementation, the impact of carbon tax on the corporate social investment (CSI) initiatives and expenditure of South African motor vehicle manufacturers has not been assessed. Given that the carbon tax price should ideally compensate for the damage caused by carbon emissions on the environment and people, the key knowledge gap this article aims to consider is whether the implementation of such a carbon tax is likely to affect the CSI decision-making process in respect of motor vehicle manufacturers in South Africa. The research methodology applied in this study is in the form of both a literature review and empirical research. A literature review was performed on the history, emergence and significance of CSI expenditure within the South African context. The empirical research includes an exploratory case study into the impact of the tax in the decision-making processes with regard to CSI expenditure, as well as the impact of carbon tax on CSI spending by motor vehicle manufacturers in South Africa. It was found that although the advent of carbon tax in the industry would place added pressure on the financial performance of the companies, it is unlikely that it would adversely affect the industrys commitment to the CSI initiatives.

A Checklist for Trauma and Emergency Anesthesia

Death from traumatic injury is the leading cause of death in children and adults younger than 45 years of age. For adults older than 45 years of age, trauma is the third leading cause of death, the primary causes being cardiovascular events and malignancies. Despite this huge burden, the Anesthesiology Residency Review Committee of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has as a requirement that residents in anesthesiology programs only manage 20 trauma cases during their residency. The requirement does not define what constitutes “trauma” and does not specify the educational objective for their experience providing care to patients who have sustained trauma. Once they finish training, anesthesiologists will be involved in the management of patients who have sustained traumatic injuries. If they work in a rural area, they may not be challenged with the kind of penetrating injuries common in an urban level I trauma center. However, trauma is ubiquitous, and rural medical centers see severe trauma from motor vehicle crashes, from farming or manufacturing mishaps, and from natural accidents. Because residency may impart limited training in management of trauma, we propose that anesthesiologists use a standardized “trauma and emergency checklist” to facilitate the care they provide these patients and (hopefully) improve outcomes. Checklists have been shown to decrease patient morbidity and mortality by assuring that the health care provider does not overlook some important aspect of care. Checklists are used when preparing an anesthetic workstation at the beginning of the day. The algorithms promulgated by the Advanced Trauma Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support courses are checklists. Even trauma surgeons in the military, who have a great deal of experience in managing patients who sustain blast injury, use checklists. Military surgeons use checklists to manage trauma for the same reason that anesthesiologists use checklists when checking an anesthesia workstation, or that an airline pilot uses a checklist before every takeoff and landing. The checklist assures that critical steps are not missed. Checklists are easy. Missing critical steps can be deadly. Checklists have been shown to decrease inpatient complications and death. 1 Standardized checklists can be especially useful during emergencies. 2,3 A trauma and emergency anesthesia checklist can serve as a template of care for the initial phase of operative anesthesia, as well as resuscitation. The goal of this manuscript is not to provide a definitive checklist. The definitive checklist, if it ever exists, should be created, and vetted, by a learned society within the trauma anesthesiology community. Our goal for this manuscript is to initiate a discussion about what should be on a trauma anesthesia checklist, providing a nidus for a definitive document (Fig. 1).

Carbon Tax Pricing And The Social Cost Of Carbon: The Case In The South African Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Industry

<p>Since the implementation of carbon tax on motor vehicles in South Africa during 2010, the pricing of the tax has never been challenged or assessed. The purpose of this study is to gauge the reasonability of the carbon tax price in South Africa as applicable to the motor vehicle manufacturing industry. A detailed review is performed to determine the adequacy of the carbon tax price by comparing the social cost of carbon from motor vehicle emissions against the revenue raised from carbon tax levied on motor vehicles in the same period. Empirical research includes an exploratory questionnaire into the adequacy of the carbon tax price in South Africa with input data from multinational motor vehicle manufacturers operating in South Africa. The findings from the literature review confirm that although the respondents do not consider the level of carbon tax price as adequate to be relevant for the social cost of carbon, the revenue raised from this tax exceeds the social cost of carbon leading to the conclusion that the tax is adequately priced.</p>

Corporate life cycle as determinant of capital structure in companies of Czech automotive industry

The issue of capital structure choice belongs to fundamental strategic financial decisions. A variety of potential determinants was suggested by theoreticians; however, the corporate life cycle was considered of peripheral importance, and thus the relationship between corporate life stages and capital structure was investigated only exceptionally. Both concepts were in the meantime developed separately. Recently, it has appeared that the aforementioned relation has become a subject of increased interest of the researches as a way to better understanding of how the corporate funding is changing in the course of time. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of corporate life cycle on the capital structure of companies. For the purpose of the article quantitative research is used. The sample consists of fifty companies belonging to NACE division 29, manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers. The data come from financial statements of the chosen companies and mostly cover a period since their start-up till year 2010. First, the method based on cash flow patterns is applied for the identification of firm’s life cycle. Next, the methods of descriptive statistics and the hypothesis test about a population proportion are used. The paper explores the relationship between capital structure and corporate life cycle. The empirical study is performed to support theoretical findings.

Study of supply-chain management in the automotive industry: a bibliometric analysis

The economic and social importance of the automotive industry explains the need for researching improved ways of organising and managing the diverse processes involved in the production of motor vehicles. Furthermore, the management of supply chains and inter-organisational relations has acquired strategic significance in recent years and has become a key area of research. At the interface between these two fields, this paper adopts a bibliometric viewpoint to analyse the scholarly literature that has addressed the study of supply chains within the specific sphere of the automotive industry. To do so, it has examined the 404 papers on this topic indexed through to 2011 in the Business Source Complete database. This has allowed identifying trends and opportunities related to the what, how and where of research into this matter.

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association v State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co and Hard Look Review of Agency Actions

This brief Article discusses Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., where the Court struck down a Department of Transportation order rescinding its controversial air bag standard, which required passive restraints (air bags or automatic seatbelts) in all cars. Rescission of the standard was one of the deregulatory goals of the Reagan Administration. In defending the air bag standard rescission, the DOT suggested that the arbitrary and capricious standard required only the rational basis that the due process clause required of congressional statutes. Instead, the Court ruled that the arbitrary and capricious standard demanded a more rigorous substantive hard look review, which required a judicial review that is more scrutinizing than that of the traditionally more deferential version of the arbitrary and capricious standard of review.

Sustainability assessment of U.S. manufacturing sectors: an economic input output-based frontier approach

Abstract Due to increasing concerns related to emerging environmental problems as a result of industrial activities, sustainable manufacturing has become a topic of considerable interest worldwide. In this study, Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a linear programming-based mathematical optimization model, were integrated to analyze the eco-efficiency of manufacturing sectors in the United States. This integration was achieved by aggregating different environmental pressures into a single eco-efficiency score. First, greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, water withdrawals, hazardous waste generation, and toxic releases of each manufacturing sector were quantified using the EIO-LCA model. Second, an input-oriented DEA multiplier model was developed. Third, eco-efficiency scores and rankings, target and performance improvement values of each environmental category were determined. Finally, the sensitivity of each environmental impact category was analyzed. Analysis results showed that five industrial sectors, such as “Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing”, “Food Manufacturing”, “Printing and Related Support Activities”, “Ordinance and Accessories Manufacturing”, and “Motor Vehicle Manufacturing” were 100% eco-efficient compared to other manufacturing sectors. On the other hand, approximately 90% of U.S. manufacturing sectors were found to be inefficient and require significant improvements in their life cycle performance. Among the environmental impact categories, energy use had the highest sensitivity on the eco-efficiency of U.S. manufacturing sectors, and therefore improved energy efficiency in industrial processes and successful policy making toward increasing the share of renewable energy utilization were highly recommended.

The Globalization of the Australian Textile, Clothing, Footwear and Motor Vehicle Industries: Results in Line with Other Western Market Economies

Trade liberalization and reinforcing industry-specific assistance measures have been instrumental in globalizing the Australian textile, clothing, footwear (TCF) and motor vehicle industries by re-orienting production from the domestic to international market. As a result, output and has contracted in the former industry whilst expanding in the latter industry. These results are in line with TCF and motor vehicle production in other western market economies. This, in turn, indicates that labour intensive industries are likely to be contracting whilst capital intensive industries dominate production in these economies. This has important implication for manpower policies in that they need to be formulated to upgrade the skills of the labour force in order to facilitate the expanding production of capital intensive goods, thereby promote employment growth in the long run.

World and Russian automotive industry development perspectives

The volume of world motor vehicle production until 2026 based on average production dynamics and extrapolation of the polynominal trend of the second-degree forecast method is presented in the article. Forecasts (optimistic, moderately pessimistic, and pessimistic) of motor vehicle sales and production volume changes are made with the help of technical analysis.

An Examination of Marketing Channel Conflict and Cooperation in the Motorsports Industry

This article describes underlying causes and effects of marketing channel conflict. Channel conflict can produce benefits and drawbacks to the channel members. This article identifies factors that affect cooperation between channel members in the motorsports industry. Motorsports is a major component of the global entertainment industry influencing other major industries, such as motor vehicle manufacturing, hospitality, and tourism. Within the marketing channel, there are various factors that create and impact the level of conflict among the channel members. Typical sources of conflict among motorsports channel members include goal differences, competition over channel resources, expectations divergence, role clarity, and non-fulfillment of roles. Managers of organizations in the motorsports industry can influence the intensity of these conflicts to improve performance of the marketing channel.

Vehicle remote keyless entry systems and engine immobilisers: Do not believe the insurer that this technology is perfect

In the 1990s, governments put pressure on motor vehicle manufacturers to provide better security for vehicles. Thieves could steal cars and lorries with relative ease. The manufacturers responded by introducing electronic systems to make it more difficult for vehicles to be stolen without the key. However, as with most forms of technology, the software can be bypassed. In recent years, thieves have manipulated weaknesses in the technology, so that vehicles can be stolen without the key.

Efficiency Progress and Productivity Change in Romania Machinery Industry 2001–2010

Machinery industry is an important economic key in Romania. In the period 2001-2010 the industry was faced with significant inputs of foreign direct investments that have led to stimulating the development of the economy. This paper examines the efficiency an d productivity of enterprises (more than 250 employees) in machinery industry which are part of a emerging markets. In the machinery industry there are companies that deal with the cars manufacture, machinery and equipment and the manufacture of motor vehicles and their components. Techniques selected for evaluation of progress efficiency and changing productivity studied are Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index (MPI). This methodology allows a direct comparison between firms within t he same industry and shows how intense inputs are used in a production system from which we want to realize a high level of output. The used program to calculate indicators of productivity and efficiency frontier was DEAP 2.1. (Data Envelopment Analysis Computer) developed by the Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of the University of New England. Analysis of positive or negative trends in the efficiency and productivity of enterprises in the studied period reveals information about the sources of existing inefficient. This paper is mainly aimed at measuring the technical efficiency and productivity change in the machinery industry in Romania between 2001-2010 and as secondary objective to determine the inefficient sources in industry. The results of the study show that the tendency of growth of total factor productivity (TFP) is due in particular to the efficiency progress and not to the technological change, what demonstrates that human resource quality has had a positive impact on the industry. Productivity is viewed as a competitive advantage, so companies that have increased productivity, even in a time of crisis, are based on modern management and performance.

Radio frequency identification-enabled real-time manufacturing execution system: a case study in an automotive part manufacturer

Automotive vehicle manufacturers have been at the forefront of employing radio frequency identification (RFID) technology for their manufacturing logistics management. They have benefited from RFID-enabled shop-floor visibility and traceability, which have in turn facilitated the implementation of advanced manufacturing strategies such as just-in-time lean manufacturing and mass customisation. Initial successes have attracted attention and interests from small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) involved in automotive part and component manufacturers down the automotive vertical. However, high levels of capital investments and technical skills have created practical hurdles for automotive SMEs to gain RFID benefits. This article reports on an industrial case study about the RFID implementation project at a typical SME engine valve manufacturer. This company manufactures a large variety of engine valves with a mixture of large and small orders. Work-in-progress items across the company have accumulated to an extreme level for human operations and decisions. The company adopted RFID-enabled shop-floor manufacturing solutions across the whole operations with little experience in the use of information systems/technology. Based on RFID-enabled real-time shop-floor data, the company has extended the efforts in setting up and integrating manufacturing execution system and enterprise resource planning system. The success of this case company demonstrates that RFID is not just for automotive giants but also practically useful to SME suppliers. The article presents a framework that has been followed by this case company with a hope that experiences and insights are useful to other automotive SMEs.

입지계층분석을 활용한 산업단지 유치 업종 결정에 관한 연구

ABSTRACT This study aims at listing up those manufacturing activities sensitive to regional characteristics by analyzing locational hierarchy designed on the urban rank-size rule. This locational hierarchy by manufacturing activities is expected to provide a ground for the proper supply of an industrial complex. The analysis of the locational hierarchy by manufacturing activities can work as a method of observing the characteristics of the distribution of location for each economic activity by analyzing the trend in the change of manufacturing location. Consequently, it can be used to determine the appropriate manufacturing activities for the industrial complex of a particular region. Here, the locational hierarchy is analyzed depending on the base of the basic local government such as Gun(district level) and Si(city level), and manufacturing activities are categorized by Korea Standard Industry Code. Those activities demonstrating growth pattern are Manufacture of Electronic Equipment(KSIC 26), Manufacture of Medical․Precision․Optical Instruments․Watch(KSIC 27), Manufacture of Motor Vehicles․(KSIC 30, 31), etc. With proper infrastructures, these activities can be located everywhere. Those sectors on the decline pattern in the locational hierarchy can be summarized as Manufacture of Tobacco Products(KSIC 12), Manufacture of wearing apparel․Fur Articles(KSIC 14), etc. Those sectors scattered widely in the locational hierarchy are Manufacture of Food Products(KSIC 10), Manufacture of Coke․Petroleum Products(KSIC 19), Manufacture of Chemical Products(KSIC 20), Manufacture of Electronic Equipment(KSIC 26). These particular manufacturing activities can be operated in those regions in a sufficient supply of unskilled workers regardless of proper infrastructures. Those activities that have a tendency to reconcentrate on larger cities are Manufacture of Textiles(KSIC 13), Manufacture of Wearing Apparel․Clothing․Fur Articles(KSIC 14), Manufacture of Other Transport Equiptmen(KSIC 31). In most cases, these sectors tend to favor their existing agglomerated areas and concentrate around large cities. Therefore, it is inefficient to promote these sectors in small or medium-sized cities or underdeveloped regions. The establishment of developmental strategies of an industrial complex can gain greater competitiveness by observing such characteristics of the locational hierarchy.Keywords: Supply of industrial site, Industrial complex, Manufacturing activities, Locational hierarchy