Group Productivity Research Articles

Health resource allocation within the close-knit medical consortium after the Luohu healthcare reform in China: efficiency, productivity, and influencing factors.

This study aims to assess the efficiency and productivity of the Luohu Hospital Group after the reform and to identify factors influencing the efficiency to support the future development of medical consortia. Data on health resources from Shenzhen and the Luohu Hospital Group for the years 2015 to 2021 were analyzed using the super-efficiency slack-based measure data envelopment analysis (SE-SBM-DEA) model, Malmquist productivity index (MPI), and Tobit regression to evaluate changes in efficiency and productivity and to identify determinants of efficiency post-reform. After the reform, the efficiency of health resource allocation within the Luohu Hospital Group improved by 33.87%. Community health centers (CHCs) within the group had an average efficiency score of 1.046. Moreover, the Luohu Hospital Group's average total factor productivity change (TFPCH) increased by 2.5%, primarily due to gains in technical efficiency change (EFFCH), which offset declines in technical progress change (TECHCH). The efficiency scores of CHCs were notably affected by the ratio of general practitioners (GPs) to health technicians and the availability of home hospital beds. The reform in the Luohu healthcare system has shown preliminary success, but continuous monitoring is necessary. Future strategies should focus on strengthening technological innovation, training GPs, and implementing the home hospital bed policy. These efforts will optimize the efficiency of health resource allocation and support the integration and development of resources within the medical consortium.

Challenges and Progress of Grouper Aquaculture in Asia: A Review

Asia is widely recognized for its grouper aquaculture. China (65%), Taiwan (17%), and Indonesia (11%) together account for 93% of global grouper production. This study recorded 48 species, and 16 hybrids were used in Asian aquaculture. The conservation status of cultured grouper species is 67% least concern, 17% data deficient, 10% vulnerable, and 2% critically endangered, endangered, and near threatened. Most Asian countries face issues such as (1) lack of hatcheries, (2) poor seed stock, (3) poor broodstock quality, (4) lack of financial and technical support, (5) trash fish and accessibility to fish pellets, (6) poor water quality, (7) diseases, and (8) capture-based aquaculture. These issues, combined with overfishing, contribute to a decline in grouper productivity and their wild population. The decline has alarmed experts and conservationists looking into the causes and potential remedies to this problem. Some management strategies mentioned in this paper include: (1) closed season during spawning aggregation, (2) establishing more marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly the no-take marine reserve, (3) non-consumptive utilization of groupers (eco-tourism) and (4) establishing more full-cycle grouper aquaculture. The results of this study suggest that implementing these strategies could be an effective means of addressing the issue of grouper production and that additional research is required to determine the most effective method of addressing this problem. The findings of this study have significant implications for the development and sustainability of grouper aquaculture and highlight the need for further research in this area.

Celery leaf extract cream is a potential wound healing agent

Natural ingredients have been widely used for wound care and healing because of their flavonoid, saponin, and tannin contents, which can facilitate the healing process. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of celery leaf extract cream in the treatment of cutaneous wounds on the surfaces of white Wistar rats. This study involved laboratory-based experimental research utilizing a pretest-posttest with a control group design. Twenty white rats were sampled for this study and divided into four groups, each consisting of five rats, including one control group and three treatment groups. The extract was obtained via maceration, whereas the celery leaf extract cream contained an oil-in-water emulsion. A one-way Anova test was used to test differences between groups (p < 0.05), and a Post Hoc test with LSD technique was conducted to determine the most effective treatment group. Celery leaf extract cream has been found to be more efficient in accelerating skin regeneration and stimulating fibroblast proliferation than base cream. This is evidenced by the superior performance of the celery leaf extract cream treatment group in closing the incision wound, as well as the group's higher production of fibroblasts that are essential for wound healing, compared to the base cream group. This is evidenced by the superior performance of the celery leaf extract cream treatment group in closing the incision wound, as well as the group's higher production of fibroblasts that are essential for wound healing, compared to the base cream group. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the flavonoids found in celery leaves can potentially prevent the formation of free radicals and expedite wound healing.

Juridical Analysis of Farmer Group Legal Security

Farmers have made a real contribution to agricultural development and rural economic development. to realize food sovereignty, “food self-sufficiency and food security in a sustainable manner, farmers as actors of agricultural development need to be given protection”. The idea of forming a group comes from the fact that each individual cannot fulfil their needs individually as experienced by the less fortunate Panoramic farmer groups so they need support to develop their socio-economic life. The research was conducted as an effort to prove that the counselling activities provided were able to encourage the group. This study uses a legal sociology approach. This research took place in Pamotan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. Primary data was obtained from observation and direct interviews with informants and data analysis using interactive analysis models. The results of the study found that the Malang district government played a role in the development of panoramic farmer groups by providing counselling and training to members of farmer groups, this phenomenon indicates that the government and stakeholders have participated in carrying out their duties based on the provisions of Article 66 of Law Number 19 of 2013 concerning Protection and Empowerment Farmers, by facilitating farming capital, are proven to have legal protection for the Panoramic Farmer Group. They receive assistance from the government in the form of KUR loan assistance for agricultural operations with small interest and also receive assistance in the form of machinery, transportation equipment and building materials to support the quality of the Panorama Farmer Group's farmer production.

Juridical Analysis of Farmer Group Legal Security According to the Decree of the Malang Regent Number 188.45/22/2/KEP/35.07.013/2019

Farmers have made a real contribution to agricultural development and rural economic development. To realize food sovereignty, “food self-sufficiency and food security in a sustainable manner, farmers as actors of agricultural development need to be given protection”. The idea of forming a group comes from the fact that each individual cannot fulfil their needs individually, as experienced by the less fortunate Panoramic farmer groups, so they need support to develop their socio-economic life. The research was conducted as an effort to prove that the counselling activities provided were able to encourage the group. This study uses a legal sociology approach. This research took place in Pamotan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. Primary data was obtained from observation and direct interviews with informants and data analysis using interactive analysis models. The results of the study found that the Malang district government played a role in the development of panoramic farmer groups by providing counselling and training to members of farmer groups; this phenomenon indicates that the government and stakeholders have participated in carrying out their duties based on the provisions of Article 66 of Law Number 19 of 2013 concerning Protection and Empowerment Farmers, by facilitating farming capital, are proven to have legal protection for the Panoramic Farmer Group. They receive assistance from the government in the form of KUR loan assistance for agricultural operations with small interest and also receive assistance in the form of machinery, transportation equipment and building materials to support the quality of the Panorama Farmer Group's farmer production.

Assessment of grouper’s catch, diversity and abundance in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Grouper are demersal fishes that can be found in tropical and subtropical waters. In Indonesia, one of the areas where grouper production takes place in Saleh Bay, a semi-enclosed water with small islands, coral reefs and a high diversity. Information’s about the population and abundance of grouper species in Saleh Bay are currently limited. The benefits of this research are to enhance the availability of information on grouper diversity and the area as grouper fishing ground for future improvement on grouper fisheries management in Saleh Bay. Therefore, the study aimed to analyse the diversity, equitability, species richness and dominance index of different grouper species and the grouper fishing ground in this area. The data were obtained from field observations and fish landing data. Grouper caught have been calculated for each fishing gear based on the following parameters: diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), species richness, equitability, and dominance index. The results showed that grouper fishing grounds are spread over Saleh Bay. Fishers caught grouper around small islands with coral reefs. The diversity of grouper for each fishing gear ranged in a moderate category. We found that the bottom longline caught the highest species richness of grouper compare to other fishing gears. The dominance index showed no dominance using each examined fishing gear, or it can be said that grouper species are evenly caught with each fishing gear based on the calculation of the equitability index.

Diseminasi Pemanfaatan Pupuk Bionik Untuk Perbaikan Performa Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut

Farming seaweed is a significant source of income since it helps coastal communities become more resilient. Due to the simple growing, harvesting, and drying methods, low degree of capital investment, and quick production cycle (1.5 months), seaweed cultivation in Tablolong Village, West Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province is dominated by cultivators from coastal villages. The present issue for farmers of seaweed is the unavailability of seeds, both in terms of quantity and quality. Simple actions such as community service projects (PKM) with a focus on fertilizing activities utilizing bionic fertilizers can be taken to encourage the growth of seaweed. The method used to achieve the target of this PKM program is participatory counseling, dissemination of research results, assistance in seaweed cultivation, and monitoring during seaweed cultivation. In November 2021, PKM operations are conducted in Tablolong Village's coastal region. Through the use of bionic seaweed fertilizer, the activity's aim is to earn the partner group's production rates. After participating in PKM activities, the "Blue Sea" partner group was able to produce Kappaphycus striatum by utilizing bionic fertilizers, where the analysis results showed that the daily growth rate was 3.38% day-1, absolute growth was 176 gr and production was 2,755.62 gr m-1.

KAJIAN TEKNIS PENDEDERAN IKAN KERAPU CANTANG (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus >< Epinephelus lanceolatus) SECARA INTENSIF DI BPBAP SITUBONDO

Grouper production in Indonesia can be supported by hybridization technology which can produce grouper species with relatively faster growth and more resistance to disease. Cantang grouper is a type of grouper fish that was engineered by crossbreeding between female tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male grouper Kertang (Epinephelus lanceolatus). The purpose of this study was to determine the stages and technology of nursery grouper Cantang which was carried out at BPBAP Situbondo. The method used in this research is the method of observation, participation, and interviews. The primary data needed in this study are data on infrastructure, data on the number and size of seeds, feed management, water quality management, and harvesting. The data is presented with a descriptive method by discussing the data that has been obtained compared to the theories that have developed at this time. The results of this study indicate that cantang grouper nursery activities start from tank preparation, water filling, seed selection and distribution, feed management, water quality, fish pest and disease control, grading, and harvesting of cantang grouper seeds. During the practice period, the seeds were spread from hatcheries with a stocking density of 3000 to 5000 individuals in one tank with a size of 4 x 2.5 x 1 m, or the equivalent of 300 to 500 individuals/m3. The distribution of seeds is carried out after the acclimatization process, namely the adaptation process before releasing the seeds. After the seeds are removed, the tub is given an antiseptic to prevent disease in the seeds. There are several factors that can affect the growth rate of seeds, namely water quality management and feeding. During the maintenance period, a flowing water system is used, so that the water used is continuously renewed. In the morning, the seeds are flushed and soaked using fresh water, with the aim of releasing mucus on the seeds so as to reduce the potential for disease outbreaks. Nursery grouper at BPBAP Situbondo can run optimally by paying attention to the stages of cultivation, especially in the feed management and water quality management.

Label Noir's Heimat, bittersüße Heimat : A Transgressive and Transformative Text

Label Noir's <i>Heimat, bittersüße Heimat</i> : A Transgressive and Transformative Text

Environment-dependent benefits of interindividual variation in honey bee recruitment

Interindividual differences in behaviour within the members of a social group can affect the group's productivity. In eusocial insects, individual differences between workers in a colony play a central role in division of labour and task allocation. Extensive empirical and theoretical work has highlighted variation in response thresholds as a proximate mechanism underlying individual behavioural differences and hence division of labour. However, other response parameters, like response probability and intensity, can also affect these differences. In this study, we first extended a previously published agent-based model on honey bee, Apis mellifera , foraging to understand the relative importance of response (dance) probability and response (dance) intensity in the task of recruitment. Comparing variation obtained from the simulations with previously published empirical data, we found that response intensity played a more important role than probability in producing consistent interindividual differences in recruitment behaviour. We then explored the benefits provided by this individual variation in recruitment behaviour to the colony's collective foraging effort under different environmental conditions. We found that individual variation led to a greater energy yield per forager, but only when food was abundant. Our study highlights the need to consider all response parameters while studying division of labour and adds to the growing body of evidence linking individual variation in behavioural responses to the success of social groups. • A. mellifera foragers show consistent individual differences in recruitment. • Agent-based models were used to explore the role of these differences in the colony. • Empirical findings were reproduced by including response probability and intensity. • Individual variation reduced total recruitment and slightly increased energy yield. • Studies on division of labour should include thresholds, probability, and intensity.

Control of gonadal maturation and sex in grouper

Protogynous groupers, belonging to the subfamily Epinephelinae, are among the most crucial fishery targets in the Asian countries. Currently, several grouper species are cultured, providing seed for the aquaculture industry. However, cultivation grouper larvae are unstable. Thus, the improvement of aquaculture technology of grouper production is needed. Appropriate managing the reproduction and sex of the target parent fish is vital to enhance the efficiency of aquaculture. This paper reviews new technologies for induction of gonadal maturation and control of sex in groupers. The dynamics of androgen-producing cells, which are essential for a sex change, are also discussed.

Suitability Area of Groupers (Serranidae) Cultivation in Floating Net Cage (FNC) System in Kepulauan Seribu

Aquaculture is one of the steps taken by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government to manage fishery resources. Kepulauan Seribu, in recent years, has experienced a decline in the production of fresh fish; therefore, the cultivation of the Grouper floating system has become an alternative solution. Successful breeding is supported by site selection due to assembling on the terms of Groupers life that includes water quality and oceanography. Water quality parameters include salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and oceanographic parameters, that is, sea surface temperature, depth, and current velocity. The method of analysis in this research is descriptive spatial based on the overlay results of Landsat 8 image data processing and in situ measurement data during the field survey. The analyst statistics was descriptive to analyze the relationship between the region of conformity with the results of Grouper fish production. The results of the statistical and spatial analysis found that the location of floating net cages in the Kepulauan Seribu in the class is very appropriate and appropriate. Meanwhile, the relationship between regional suitability and Grouper production in the Kepulauan Seribu is weak because production is related to other driving factors.

Peramalan Hasil Produksi Ikan Kerapu Provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan Menggunakan Pemulusan Eksponensial Ganda Tipe Holt dan Triple Tipe Brown

Grouper is marine fish found in Indonesian waters which are very popular and have high market prices. The production of grouper in West Sumatra is produced by cultivation using floating net cages and direct fishing. The purpose of this study is to form a forecasting model for grouper production of West Sumatra. Also this study to predict the production of grouper based on the model formed using Holt type double exponential smoothing and brown triple exponential smoothing. The data collection method used is data on grouper production of West Sumatra province from 2008 to 2020 which was obtained from the Marine and Fisheries Service of West Sumatra Province. The method used is Holt type double exponential smoothing and brown type triple exponential smoothing. Based on the forecasting model, the forecast results for the next 5 years have increased compared to the previous year's production. By using the Holt type double exponential smoothing method, the predicted results in the year 2021-2025 are 4553.83, 4761.96, 4970.08, 5178.20, 5383.33, while using the brown type triple exponential smoothing method the results are obtained successive forecast of 4868,89, 5160,70, 5464,24, 5779,52, 6106,53.

A review of the world wide work on the breeding and production of Groupers

The Groupers fishes consist many important marketable species, in the world and the Gulf region, but it's populations were gravely reduced. The production of Groupers was either by fisheries- based aquaculture, or by artificial breeding. The baby Groupers were caught during early summer from the costal waters, estuaries and tidal pools. The Groupers are mostly Protogynous hermaphrodites, and the hormones implantation were used for sex reverse. The enrichment of the brooders diet must be done with polyunsaturated fatty acids, that to amelioration the eggs quality and increasing larval quality and survival rate. The hormone injection was used either for artificial insemination or semi-natural breeding. The induced brooders were placed in spawning tanks, and then the floating fertilized eggs were collected by collecting funnel. The hatching troughs were used for hatching the fertilized eggs. The larvae could be produced in raceways, earthen ponds, and outside cement tanks. The live food must produce in the hatchery for the feeding of the newly hatching larvae. Then the fingerlings could be reared to marketing size for a period of 6-8 months.

Concentric and Eccentric Force Changes with Elastic Band and Isotonic Heavy Resistance Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundInclusion of resistance training as part of a general fitness program to improve health, and lower risk of disease and injury is well established. Two common options to improve strength are elastic bands and weights. Comparison between elastic bands (as the sole resistance) to isotonic strengthening for concentric and eccentric strength outcomes following the use of low repetitions/heavy resistance has not been reported.Hypothesis/PurposeThe purpose was to examine the effects of a four-week isotonic low repetitions/heavy resistance strengthening program compared to a low repetitions/heavy resistance elastic band strengthening program on shoulder external rotation, hip abduction, and elbow flexion concentric and eccentric isokinetic force production in college aged untrained females.Study DesignRandomized TrialMethodsTwenty healthy females performed pre-and-post isokinetic (60 degrees/second) concentric/eccentric testing of the elbow flexors, shoulder external rotators, and hip abductors. Participants were randomly assigned to a four-week independent low repetitions/heavy resistance strengthening program performed with either elastic bands or isotonic exercises.ResultsA significant (p < 0.05) effect of time was found for eccentric elbow flexor and concentric and eccentric hip abduction force production in the elastic band group with post-test values greater than pre-test values. A significant (p < 0.05) effect of time was found for elbow flexor concentric and eccentric force production in the isotonic group with post-test values greater then pre-test values. No significant (p>0.05) effect of time was found for shoulder external rotator concentric and eccentric forces for both groups, the isotonic group’s hip abduction concentric and eccentric force production and elastic band group’s elbow flexion concentric force production. No significant effect of intervention (p >0.05) on concentric or eccentric elbow flexors, shoulder external rotators, or hip abductors force production was found, with pre-test and post-test values being similar between groups.ConclusionHealth care practitioners and coaches can consider the prescription of a heavy resistance training program with elastic bands or isotonic exercises for an independent exercise program and expect similar concentric and eccentric muscle force changes.Level of EvidenceLevel 2b

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Hatchery Skala Rumah Tangga (HSRT) Kerapu Hybrid Cantang (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus &gt;&lt; Epinephelus lanceolatus)

ABSTRAKTingkat kelangsungan hidup benih kerapu hybrid cantang (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus &gt;&lt; Epinephelus lanceolatus) yang dihasilkan di Situbondo adalah ≤10%, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil produksi dan merumuskan strategi alternatif pengembangan usaha pembenihan kerapu hybrid cantang skala rumah tangga (HSRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor internal dan ekstrenal secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil produksi pada usaha HSRT kerapu hybrid cantang (R2 = 0,798). Artinya 79,8% variasi perubahan produksi benih ikan kerapu hybrid cantang ditentukan oleh variabel bebas (sumber daya, penerapan cara pembenihan ikan yang baik (CPIB), biaya produksi, dan peran pemerintah), sedangkan sisanya sebesar 20,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain. Pengujian secara individual (hipotesis minor) terdapat tiga variabel yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil produksi yaitu sumber daya, penerapan CPIB dan biaya produksi. Pemilihan prioritas strategi pengembangan usaha HSRT kerapu hybrid cantang adalah peningkatan penerapan CPIB terlebih dahulu, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengembangan pasar, dan berlanjut pada strategi pengaturan hasil produksi.ABSTRACTIn small scale hatchery of hybrid grouper, the survival rate of cantang hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus &gt;&lt; Epinephelus lanceolatus) was only ≤10%. The study aims to analyze several factors in which have a effect on production level and to formulate an alternative development business strategy on hybrid grouper small scale hatchery. The research results indicated that several internal and external factors have a significant effect on production level on small scale hatchery of hybrid grouper (R2=0.798). It means that 79.8 % of change variable of hybrid grouper production was determined by free variables (resources, implementation of good aquaculture method, cost production, and role of government). However, the remaining value (20,2 %) was influenced by other factors in which out of this research scope. The selection of priority strategy on business development of hybrid grouper small scale hatchery is implementation of CPIB followed by market expansion and management of production level.

DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN KERAMBA JARING APUNG PADA PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN KERAPU BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF SOSIAL EKONOMI

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Grouper fish is a type of reef fish that is exported as a commodity to various countries such as Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and China. Grouper fish can be cultivated using floating net cages and have a high selling price (high profit) but also have a high risk (high risk), thus affecting the market and the number of grouper aquaculture. The purpose of this research is to determine the socioeconomic impact of the use of floating net on grouper farmers. The determination of the research area was carried out deliberately in Situbondo Regency. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach. Data collection is done by observation and depth interview. The informants of the research were determined intentionally, namely grouper fish farmers who do aquaculture with floating net cages. The data analysis method uses Milles and Huberman. The results showed that the use of floating nets for grouper culture had social and economic impacts. The social impact on grouper farmers is the formation of grouper farmers, thus creating a social network in the form of interaction between farmers; construction of supporting facilities for the development of aquaculture businesses but also raises social prejudices between farmers because of frequent theft of fish in floating nets. While the economic impact is based on increasing grouper production which has a direct impact on the income of grouper farmers.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords : Floating net, grouper fish farmers, socio-economic impacts&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

A Chromosomal-scale Reference Genome of the Kelp Grouper Epinephelus moara.

The kelp grouper, Epinephelus moara, is a carnivorous coral reef fish widely distributing in the Indo-Pacific Oceans. Compared to other grouper species, E. moara is featured for its wide tolerance to environmental stresses, such as temperature and salinity. In addition, it is popularly used as a breeding species for hybrid grouper production. Here, we report the de novo sequencing and assembly of E. moara genome using a combination of Illumina pair-ended, PacBio and Hi-C technologies. We generated a 1.08Gb genome assembly with a scaffold N50 of 44.93Mb and contig N50 of 2.22Mb. The scaffolds and contigs were clustered and oriented into 24 chromosomes, and 24,135 protein-coding genes were predicted, among which 96.8% were annotated. More than 95.6% of the conserved complete genes were successfully retrieved by BUSCO analysis. Comparative genomic analyses showed that some expanded gene families in the E. moara genome were significantly enriched in innate immune pathways. The E. moara genome provides a valuable resource for genetic improvement and genomic breeding of groupers, as well as evolutionary and comparative study with other grouper species.

Fish culture technology using double net system for hybrid grouper (brown marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus) and rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus)

Fish culture technology using double net system based on trophic level predicted can improve productivity. The aim of this research was to evaluate a fish culture technology of grouper and rabbitfish using double net system based on trophic level. This research was conducted with different stocking density. The net used was double net system. The Outer net HDPE with four cage with size of 4 × 4 × 4 m/cage and inner net HDPE with size of 3 × 3 × 3 m/cage. Inner net cage was stocked 20 grouper fish/m3 while outer net was stocked with different density of rabbit fish, 6 fish and 12 fish/m3. Each treatment was duplicated. The result showed the hybrid grouper production up to 205 kg with an individual final weight of 743 g while production of rabbit fish with stocking density 6 and 12 fish/m3 consequently was 10 kg with an individual final weight of 143 g and 15 kg with an individual final weight of 148 g. N and P content in hybrid grouper meat from feed consumed were 25% total N and 11 % total P, however 52 % of N and 74 % of P were released as faeces and excretion to the water. Rabbitfish with stocking density of 12 fish/m3 was the most effective production using double net system.

Mini Review: Production and Economics Analysis Of Backyard Production of Tiger Grouper Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus Fingerlings in Situbondo, Indonesia

Application of backyard technology to produce tiger grouper fingerlings in the area of Situbondo is examined with emphasis on production system and economic structure. Complete hatcheries production system that employ full production systems from broodstock, maturation, spawning, larviculture and early nursery phase are common in this area. Natural spawning activities without the use of hormone or another chemical substance become the primary method to produce the larvae. Hatchery in Situbondo typically consist with concrete tank to culture the larva, sand filter and live food production tanks, including phytoplankton production system. While the nursery production system as an intermediate step between hatchery and grow-out production consist with concrete tank and grading system to reduce the size variation, cannibalism and to ensure there is no more than 30% difference in total length between the grade sizes within the culture tanks. The output of the economic analysis showed that with final survival rate about 10%, farmer in Situbondo still get a good annual return through the sales of fingerlings. From this situation, farmer still obtain high cash flow from backyard production system and about 69.06% rate of return to capital. Overall, backyard technology consists with hatchery and early nursery production system provide potential sources for poverty alleviation and support the sustainability of aquaculture production in Situbondo. Good economic structure and opportunity to participate in several government programs speed up the adoption of this technology and become an important chain for tiger grouper production system in Indonesia.