Production Of Gallstones Research Articles

Surgical Pathology During Pregnancy: Acute Cholecystitis, A Common Problem

Introduction: If left untreated, acute cholecystitis, a common illness that can develop during pregnancy, can cause major consequences for both the mother and fetus. It might be difficult to diagnose acute cholecystitis during pregnancy since its symptoms can resemble those of other abdominal disorders. For the first time in the history of the United States, the first time in the history of the United States. The production of gallstones and consequent inflammation are thought to be caused by hormonal changes, altered gallbladder function, and reduced gallbladder motility, which are all factors in the pathophysiology of acute cholecystitis during pregnancy. The clinical history, symptoms, physical examination, and diagnostic procedures, such as abdominal ultrasonography and assessment of bilirubin and liver enzyme levels, are used to make the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis during pregnancy. The severity of the symptoms and the woman's gestational age determine how to treat acute cholecystitis during pregnancy. Cholecystectomy, a laparoscopic procedure to remove the gallbladder, is typically the most successful therapy for acute cholecystitis during pregnancy. Yet, because of the physiological and structural changes in the pregnant woman's body, surgery may be more difficult. As a result, each patient's therapy should be customized, and the risks and benefits of surgery should be carefully weighed. The prognosis of acute cholecystitis during pregnancy is favourable if appropriately detected and treated. Pregnant women should be aware of symptoms and seek medical assistance right away if they think they may have acute cholecystitis. Most pregnant women may have a safe pregnancy and birth with prompt diagnosis and treatment.

CCK- and VIP-induced glycoprotein secretion from mouse gallbladder epithelium following vagotomy: A quantitative electron microscopic study

The glycoprotein secretion from the mouse gallbladder epithelium induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) was investigated by electron microscopic morphometry. Both VIP and CCK caused a decrease in the volume density of the glycoprotein-containing granules of the principal cells. The effect on the gallbladder epithelium of a left-sided vagotomy was examined. Three and six weeks postvagotomy, slight decreases in cell and nuclear profile area and secretory granule volume density were noted. CCK induced a secretion of glycoprotein granules, whereas no such secretory effect due to VIP could be detected in animals 3 and 6 weeks after vagotomy. The results demonstrate that VIP, like CCK, is involved in glycoprotein secretion from the mouse gallbladder epithelium, but the secretory effect of VIP would appear to be dependent on an intact vagal innervation. The results are of interest in relation to the hypothesis that glycoprotein release may be a precipitating factor in the production of gallstones.

Unusual tubular inclusions in the mitochondrial matrix from human livers with cholelithiasis.

Unusual tubular inclusions in the mitochondrial matrix of human hepatocytes were found in 7 out of 15 cases with cholelithiasis. These inclusions were composed of tubular structures which were about 50 nm in diameter and varying in number. The wall of the individual tubules appeared to consist of about 10 tubular subunits with a diameter of about 5 nm. Although some relationship between occurrence of these tubular inclusions and production of gallstones might be suggested, their origin and functional significance are unknown.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 24. Influence of orally ingested chenodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid on formation of gallstones.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 24. Influence of orally ingested chenodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid on formation of gallstones.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 25. Inhibition of production of cholesterol gallstones by 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-isobutyric acid ethyl ester (clofibrate).

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 25. Inhibition of production of cholesterol gallstones by 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-isobutyric acid ethyl ester (clofibrate).

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 23. Influence of hydrogenated palm oil and hydrogenated palm oil in mixture with sunflower seed oil, on the ratio between lipid-soluble phosphorus and cholesterol in the bladder bile.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 23. Influence of hydrogenated palm oil and hydrogenated palm oil in mixture with sunflower seed oil, on the ratio between lipid-soluble phosphorus and cholesterol in the bladder bile.

Determinants of cholesterol cholelithiasis in man and animals

Copenhagen, Denmark Cholesterol cholelithiasis, i.e., gallstone disease in which the gallstones have a high content of cholesterol, is frequent in the populations of Europe and North America and can be produced artificially in certain laboratory animals. This article deals with the production of gallstones in experimental animals, mainly the species with which I am particularly familiar, the hamster, and the possibility of applying the information obtained by animal experiments to cholesterol cholelithiasis in man.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 22. The influence of a non-absorbable bile acid binding resin, cholestyramine, on formation of gallstones in hamsters.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 22. The influence of a non-absorbable bile acid binding resin, cholestyramine, on formation of gallstones in hamsters.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 21. The content of cholesterol in livers of hamsters reared on diets with different influence on gallstone formation.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 21. The content of cholesterol in livers of hamsters reared on diets with different influence on gallstone formation.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 20. Influence of dietary cholesterol on gallstone formation.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 20. Influence of dietary cholesterol on gallstone formation.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 15. Production of gallstones under varied hormonal conditions. I.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 15. Production of gallstones under varied hormonal conditions. I.

ALIMENTARY PRODUCTION OF GALLSTONES IN HAMSTERS. I3. INFLUENCE OF HIGHLY UNSATURATED FATS AND CERTAIN MINERALS ON GALLSTONE PRODUCTION.

ALIMENTARY PRODUCTION OF GALLSTONES IN HAMSTERS. I3. INFLUENCE OF HIGHLY UNSATURATED FATS AND CERTAIN MINERALS ON GALLSTONE PRODUCTION.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 11. Relation between diet and composition of the bladder bile 1.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 11. Relation between diet and composition of the bladder bile 1.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 10. The effect of orally ingested bile acids on development of cholesterol gallstones in hamsters fed a fat-free diet with glucose as carbohydrate component.

Alimentary production of gallstones in hamsters. 10. The effect of orally ingested bile acids on development of cholesterol gallstones in hamsters fed a fat-free diet with glucose as carbohydrate component.

CHEMICAL FACTORS CONCERNED IN THE FORMATION OF GALLSTONES

It is well known that in certain of the domestic animals, notably dogs, sheep, cats and rabbits, gallstones rarely form spontaneously and cannot be produced experimentally. Schlotthauer and Stalker 1 reported the occurrence of bilirubin stones in 2 of 155 dogs studied at autopsy. Ivy 2 has observed bilirubin stones in only 1 of 500 dogs whose gallbladders were opened routinely. Approximately 150 dogs were used during the course of our experiments, and calculi were never observed. The spontaneous occurrence of true cholesterol stones in dogs, sheep, cats and rabbits has not been reported. In contradistinction to these animals are certain others—chiefly human beings, oxen and hogs—in which biliary calculi occur frequently. A satisfactory explanation of the differences in the bile of these two groups of animals would do much toward accounting for some of the factors concerned in the production of gallstones. In 1903 Harley and Barratt 3 reported

BACTERIOLOGY OF CHOLECYSTITIS AND ITS PRODUCTION BY INJECTION OF STREPTOCOCCI

The bacteriology of cholecystitis, as worked out heretofore, is largely the bacteriology of the contents and not the tissue of the gall-bladder wall. (The mechanism of infection of the gall-bladder and the production of gall-stones have not been fully worked out experimentally.) In a previous paper I pointed out that when streptococci, from various sources, attain a certain grade of virulence, they are prone to produce on intravenous injection cholecystitis and gall-stones, with large numbers of streptococci as the nuclei. In this connection the observations in the following case are of interest: A woman, aged 62, with infected tonsils, high blood-pressure, and a chronic arthritis, involving chiefly the small joints of the hands, contracted a "cold" and acute tonsillitis. Ten days later she developed a typical acute attack of cholecystitis. The symptoms continued for three weeks without jaundice. Then the pain shifted and the next day jaundice appeared, which deepened

Hypercholesterinemia and its Bole in the Production of Gall-stones

Hypercholesterinemia and its Bole in the Production of Gall-stones