Scent Production Research Articles

Shariah Marketing Strategy of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Products in Aceh: A Case of Minyeuk Pret

The province of Aceh as an area of Islamic law has a uniqueness where Islamic culture and values cannot be separated. Business activities such as marketing MSME products have great opportunities to be implemented in terms of Sharia values. Minyeuk Pret product is one of Aceh's local perfume brands which has developed quite a bit since 2015. This study aimed to examine the development strategy of Minyeuk Pret products in Aceh with a marketing approach of Sharia values. The research method used was a qualitative descriptive method at all stages of product creation from upstream to downstream. The results show that the product development efforts undertaken by Minyeuk Pret include improving product quality, selling at affordable prices, good service, processes that are tailored to the needs and tastes of the community, as well as providing environmental benefits with sharia marketing. Implementation of Islamic marketing of perfume products consistently will have a characteristic impact on Islamic values in the creation of local MSME perfume products. This study concluded that Minyeuk Pret products must create a positioning value with aspects of the term halal to build Muslim consumer loyalty to fragrance oil products.

Halal Cosmetics Products Used in Islamic Boarding School Analysis of the Halal Product Standard of Fatwa (MUI)

Purpose: This study aims to present perfume used as a product in halal standardization. Halal standards in products are currently in legal interest to ensure the quality and trustworthiness of products that are widely circulating in the market. The application of halal standardization must be considered by all consumers, especially by students and teachers as people who know and learn about Islamic teaching. Like in the phenomenon of previous research found the humans are using perfume only to preserve appearances without any attention for the essential elements of the product.Design/Method/Approach: The approach in this research is to use descriptive qualitative methods. In connection with this, data collection was also carried out regarding the number of students and teachers, the number and type of perfume, as well as sales data and applicable halal product standards. The research data was obtained from the interview of the students and the teachers of Darussalam Gontor Islamic Institution in Magelang.Findings: The results of this study found some of the students and teachers at the Darussalam Gontor Modern Islamic Institution Magelang are using the perfume as cosmetics daily use. The sales data and the applicable halal product standards concluded that perfume products sold by the operation section and mini market and used by most of the students and teacher, have not all had halal standards and certificates. In addition, both students and teachers still do not know about the halal standards that apply to perfume products.Originality/Values: It can be concluded that the research perfume products sold by the student and teachers have not all had halal standards and certificates. However, MUI still urges the public to choose cosmetics that are halal and avoid cosmetic products that are unclean or haram.

Evolution of selfing syndrome and its influence on genetic diversity and inbreeding: A range-wide study in Oenothera primiveris.

PremiseTo avoid inbreeding depression, plants have evolved diverse breeding systems to favor outcrossing, such as self‐incompatibility. However, changes in biotic and abiotic conditions can result in selective pressures that lead to a breakdown in self‐incompatibility. The shift to increased selfing is commonly associated with reduced floral features, lower attractiveness to pollinators, and increased inbreeding. We tested the hypothesis that the loss of self‐incompatibility, a shift to self‐fertilization (autogamy), and concomitant evolution of the selfing syndrome (reduction in floral traits associated with cross‐fertilization) will lead to increased inbreeding and population differentiation in Oenothera primiveris. Across its range, this species exhibits a shift in its breeding system and floral traits from a self‐incompatible population with large flowers to self‐compatible populations with smaller flowers.MethodsWe conducted a breeding system assessment, evaluated floral traits in the field and under controlled conditions, and measured population genetic parameters using RADseq data.ResultsOur results reveal a bimodal transition to the selfing syndrome from the west to the east of the range of O. primiveris. This shift includes variation in the breeding system and the mating system, a reduction in floral traits (flower diameter, herkogamy, and scent production), a shift to greater autogamy, reduced genetic diversity, and increased inbreeding.ConclusionsThe observed variation highlights the importance of range‐wide studies to understand breeding system variation and the evolution of the selfing syndrome within populations and species.

EFFECT OF KINGCO PERFUME PRODUCT QUALITY AND PRICE ON CUSTOMER BUYING INTEREST

This study aims to analyze the quality and price of KingCo Perfume products on customer buying interest in the Dusun V Community, Patumbak District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. This is a descriptive quantitative study that employs observation, interviews, and questionnaires to collect data. The sample size for this study was 37 customers. The sampling strategy employed in this study was saturation sampling, which entails taking a sample from the entire population. Multiple linear regression with the SPSS program was used to conduct the research analysis. With a significant value of 0.002, the partial test results demonstrate that the quality (X1) has a t-count value (3.356) > the t-table value (2.034), indicating that Ha is approved and Ho is refused. This shows that quality (X1) has a positive and significant impact on purchasing interest (Y). With a significant value of 0.005, Price (X2) has a t-count value (2.966) > t-table value (2.034), indicating that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. The findings of this study show that price has a positive and significant effect on purchasing interest (Y). The f count value is 29.342> f table 2.88 with a sig value of,000 < 0.05, according to the findings of the simultaneous test. The results of this statistical test show that in Dusun V, Patumbak District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, Quality (X1) and Price (X2) has a positive and significant effect on customers' Buying Interest (Y).

Superacid Catalysis: Direct Esterification of Turpentine Oil with Acetic Acid

AbstractTerpenyl acetate, which is used for the production of flavors and fragrances, is industrially prepared from turpentine oil in a two‐step process including hydration and catalytic esterification. Such processes have several shortcomings like too‐large amounts of catalysts, non‐recyclability of catalysts, long reaction times, and serious environmental pollution. Here, a direct one‐step synthesis of terpenyl acetate from a feed mixture of turpentine oil and acetic acid with fluoroantimonic acid as superacid catalyst is described. Only 0.2 mol % of catalyst is necessary for up to 96 % conversion of starting material at room temperature. The desired product was obtained with a selectivity of up to 60 %. Thus, a clean and environmentally friendly strategy for synthesizing α‐terpenyl acetate is provided.

Integrated multi-omic data and analyses reveal the pathways underlying key ornamental traits in carnation flowers.

SummaryCarnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) is one of the most popular ornamental flowers in the world. Although numerous studies on carnations exist, the underlying mechanisms of flower color, fragrance, and the formation of double flowers remain unknown. Here, we employed an integrated multi‐omics approach to elucidate the genetic and biochemical pathways underlying the most important ornamental features of carnation flowers. First, we assembled a high‐quality chromosome‐scale genome (636 Mb with contig N50 as 14.67 Mb) of D. caryophyllus, the ‘Scarlet Queen’. Next, a series of metabolomic datasets was generated with a variety of instrumentation types from different parts of the flower at multiple stages of development to assess spatial and temporal differences in the accumulation of pigment and volatile compounds. Finally, transcriptomic data were generated to link genomic, biochemical, and morphological patterns to propose a set of pathways by which ornamental traits such as petal coloration, double flowers, and fragrance production are formed. Among them, the transcription factors bHLHs, MYBs, and a WRKY44 homolog are proposed to be important in controlling petal color patterning and genes such as coniferyl alcohol acetyltransferase and eugenol synthase are involved in the synthesis of eugenol. The integrated dataset of genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics presented herein provides an important foundation for understanding the underlying pathways of flower development and coloration, which in turn can be used for selective breeding and gene editing for the development of novel carnation cultivars.

A review on the health benefits of Monechma ciliatum (Black mahlab): A potential functional food

Background: Monechma ciliatum (MC) (Acanthaceae family) is a herb that grows in tropical and subtropical regions. It grows with small, brownish-black seeds. This is why the Sudanese people call it the “black mahlab”. This plant is primarily used in traditional meals, as well as the production of medical treatments and perfumes. Additionally, the seeds of the Monechma ciliatum plant are rich in fats, proteins, minerals, and other essential nutrients. It also functions as an effective laxative. As a result, this plant is commonly found as a supplement in cereal to enrich nutritional value. This review explores the nutritive value, antioxidants, antimicrobial, medicinal, cosmeceutical, and oxytocic properties of Monechma ciliatum seeds, leaves, and stem. To prepare this review, we researched published scientific literature by using the following keywords: “Monechma”, “Antioxidants”, “Antimicrobial”, nutritional”, “Monechma ciliatum”, “Monechma phenolics”. Our search was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar databases and included original research from the past 25 years in English only. A total number of 50 original papers, which mentioned the phytochemistry, nutritional, biological, and medicinal properties of Monechma ciliatum were selected and considered for this review. Keywords: Monechma ciliatum, black mahlab, nutritional, antioxidants, Antimicrobial, oxytocic

A Complete Heterogeneous Model for the Production of n-Propyl Propionate Using a Simulated Moving Bed Reactor

n-Propyl Propionate (ProPro) is a harmless biodegradable product employed in several fields for the production of drugs, inks, coating, food, and perfume. ProPro is synthesized in an equilibrium reaction for which its yield can be enhanced by constant withdraw of the products as the reaction takes place. Simulated Moving Bed Reactor (SMBR) is a candidate for the production of ProPro with high efficiency as it is a multifunction unit able to simultaneously run reaction and separation, hence shifting the equilibrium reaction toward products. This paper proposes a complete phenomenological model for the ProPro synthesis in a Simulated Moving Bed Reactor (SMBR) packed with the heterogeneous catalyst Amberlyst 46 resin. The operating conditions are defined by the Triangle Theory to design an SMBR unit to produce ProPro efficiently and a comprehensive parameter estimation procedure is employed to obtain more representative parameters. The validated phenomenological model was applied to design an SMBR unit to produce high purity (99.28%) ProPro.

Complex and reticulate origin of edible roses (Rosa, Rosaceae) in China.

While roses are today among the most popular ornamental plants, the petals and fruits of some cultivars have flavored foods for millennia. The genetic origins of these edible cultivars remain poorly investigated. We collected the major varieties of edible roses available in China, assembled their plastome sequences, and phased the haplotypes for internal transcribed spacers (ITS1/ITS2) of the 18S-5.8S-26S nuclear ribosomal cistron. Our phylogenetic reconstruction using 88 plastid genomes, of primarily maternal origin, uncovered well-supported genetic relationships within Rosa, including all sections and all subgenera. We phased the ITS sequences to identify potential donor species ancestral to the development of known edible cultivars. The tri-parental Middle-Eastern origin of R. × damascena, the species most widely used in perfume products and food additives, was confirmed as a descendent of past hybridizations among R. moschata, R. gallica, and R. majalis/R. fedtschenkoana/R. davurica. In contrast, R. chinensis, R. rugosa, and R. gallica, in association with six other wild species, were the main donors for fifteen varieties of edible roses. The domesticated R. rugosa 'Plena' was shown to be a hybrid between R. rugosa and R. davurica, sharing a common origin with R. 'Fenghua'. Only R. 'Jinbian' and R. 'Crimson Glory' featured continuous flowering. All remaining cultivars of edible roses bloomed only once a year. Our study provides important resources for clarifying the origin of edible roses and suggests a future for breeding new cultivars with unique traits, such as continuous flowering.

Comparative methylomics and chromatin accessibility analysis in Osmanthus fragrans uncovers regulation of genic transcription and mechanisms of key floral scent production.

Linalool and ionone are two important aromatic components in sweet osmanthus petals, and the regulatory mechanisms that produce these two components remain unclear. In this study, we employed whole-genome methylation sequencing and ATAC-seq technology to analyze the genomic DNA methylation status and chromatin accessibility of the sweet osmanthus cultivars ‘Zaohuang’ and ‘Chenghong Dangui’. Results showed that the promoter region of TPS2, a key gene in the linalool synthesis pathway, was less methylated in ‘Chenghong Dangui’ than in ‘Zaohuang’. The chromatin was more accessible in ‘Chenghong Dangui’ than in ‘Zaohuang’, which resulted in a much stronger expression of this gene in ‘Chenghong Dangui’ than in ‘Zaohuang’. This eventually led to a high quantity of linalool and its oxides in the petals of ‘Chenghong Dangui’, but there were lower levels present in the petals of ‘Zaohuang’. These results suggest that DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility play major roles in linalool synthesis in sweet osmanthus. The methylation level of the promoter region of CCD4, a key gene for ionone synthesis, was higher in ‘Zaohuang’ than in ‘Chenghong Dangui’. The chromatin accessibility was lower in ‘Zaohuang’ than in ‘Chenghong Dangui’, although the expression of this gene was significantly higher in ‘Zaohuang’ than in ‘Chenghong Dangui’. ChIP-seq analysis and a series of experiments showed that the differential expression of CCD4 and CCD1 in the two cultivars may predominantly be the result of regulation by ERF2 and other transcription factors. However, a 183-bp deletion involving the CCD4 promoter region in ‘Chenghong Dangui’ may be the main reason for the low expression of this gene in its petals. This study provides an important theoretical basis for improving selective breeding of key floral fragrance components in sweet osmanthus.

OPTIMIZATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION FROM Cymbopogon spp (LEMON GRASS) AND ITS APPLICATION IN PERFUME FORMULATION

Most of the imported perfume products in our market today are synthetic and their usage over time result in skin irritation and other health effects which the cause is not easily known to end users. The present study focused on the yield optimization of the essential oil extraction from leaves of Cymbopogon spp, and its application in perfume formulation. The optimization is by applying two different techniques and identifying the technique with the greater efficiency in terms of yield at a given condition. The steam distillation yield 1.29% compared with 1.13% obtained via Enfleurage. This shows that for optimal yield, steam distillation is more effective in the extraction of essential oil from Cymbopogon spp plants than the enfleurage extraction. This is probably due to the loss of volatile components during the pounding process that preceded extraction. The compound with the highest area percentage in the GC-MS analysis of Cymbopogon spp was 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl- (3.8471%). Although for the purpose of perfume production, L-Menthol which also has a high area percentage (3.5439 %) is of utmost importance as the fragrance of Lemongrass oil extract and its peculiar flavour can be attributed to the abundant presence of levo-menthol. Levo-menthol is used for the treatment, control, prevention, and improvement of the following diseases, conditions and symptoms which includes; occasional minor irritation, Pain, Sore mouth, Sore throat and Cough. It can therefore be inferred that steam distillation at a defined conditions can be adopted as a better method for extraction of essential oil compounds from plants for the purpose of perfume making. Production of perfume using formulation ratio (4:3:3) of alcohol, essential oil from Cymbopogon spp and fixatives respectively gave a good organic perfume with almost zero side reaction response across the different chemistry of bodies and materials applied.

MULTIMODALITY IN A PERFUME ADVERTISEMENT OF A FASHION MAGAZINE

Getting information from magazine is the most favorite behavior of every people. Especially women want to know about many products such as perfume. On this occasion, the researcher tries to analyze the type of meaning contained in an advertising image, namely perfume products. Through analysis using multimodal, it will be found what meaning is contained in the image. The meaning content that will be examined are Representational, Interactive, and Composition. In an advertisement, of course, it will create attractive images or visuals in order to make buyers interested in the product. The product that will be analyzed in this research is perfume. Perfume is a product that both men and women are interested in. Because everyone wants to smell good at all times these days. In a conclusion, the many characteristics of the image will be summarized. What are the multimodal meanings included in the advertisement's product image?

Proposed New Positioning and Omnichannel Strategy of Local Fragrance (Case Study: House of Medici)

Local product brands are growing rapidly and many new brands are emerging with quality that is competitive with foreign brands. This indicates that there is intense competition in the local cosmetic product industry. According to a consumer survey by Deloitte in 2018, it still shows that local products dominate the market. House of Medici is a fragrance brand from Indonesia that focuses on perfume products. This research method uses a qualitative approach and a descriptive survey method. Primary data was taken by conducting interviews with the owners and a questionnaire survey. Internal analysis uses STP (Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning) and 7 P's Marketing Mix. On the other hand, external analysis is carried out with PESTEL and competitor analysis. Furthermore, analyzed using SWOT. Value proposition canvas and omni channel strategy are used for strategy formulation. The results show that current condition of House of Medici with its competitors and needed an Online to Offline strategy that is connected to an omni channel strategy in order to build an integrated distribution platform and marketing channel.

Palladium-catalyzed sabinene oxidation with hydrogen peroxide: Smart fragrance production and DFT insights

Fragrance substances derived from natural sources are essential to the fine chemical industry, being an interesting task to pursue. Herein, we present a smart catalytic oxidation route for bio-renewable (1R,5R)-sabinene obtainment in acetonitrile or acetone, just using Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as an final oxidant. The products obtained from (1R,5R)-sabinene and their mixtures have a distinct and pleasant smell and therefore are candidates for fragrance and pharmacological applications. Three oxyfunctionalized products were obtained with ca. 80% combined selectivity at high substrate conversions. The major products, two novel isomeric carane-type ketones with a bicyclo[4.1.0] skeleton, were formed by expanding the five-membered ring in the sabinene molecule, while (-)-sabina ketone was produced as a minor product. An uncommon mechanistic route was suggested and supported by density functions theory (DFT), which could suitably explain the formation of these ketones. DFT results supported a proposed concerted mechanism for the CC activation, like a semipinacol rearrangement, which includes a heterolysis of the Pd-C bond and synchronous cleavage of the CC bond in an intermediate organopalladium peroxo complex. We highly believe that such findings allow a step forward a deep understanding of such organic transformation, helping in future new routes for value-added products.

Effects of various artificial agarwood-induction techniques on the metabolome of Aquilaria sinensis

BackgroundAgarwood is a highly sought-after resinous wood for uses in medicine, incense, and perfume production. To overcome challenges associated with agarwood production in Aquilaria sinensis, several artificial agarwood-induction treatments have been developed. However, the effects of these techniques on the metabolome of the treated wood samples are unknown. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of four treatments: fire drill treatment (F), fire drill + brine treatment (FS), cold drill treatment (D) and cold drill + brine treatment (DS)) on ethanol-extracted oil content and metabolome profiles of treated wood samples from A. sinensis.ResultsThe ethanol-extracted oil content obtained from the four treatments differed significantly (F < D < DS < FS). A total of 712 metabolites composed mostly of alkaloids, amino acids and derivatives, flavonoids, lipids, phenolic acids, organic acids, nucleotides and derivatives, and terpenoids were detected. In pairwise comparisons, 302, 155, 271 and 363 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) were detected in F_vs_FS, D_vs_DS, F_vs_D and FS_vs_DS, respectively. The DAMs were enriched in flavonoid/flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. Generally, addition of brine to either fire or cold drill treatments reduced the abundance of most of the metabolites.ConclusionThe results from this study offer valuable insights into synthetically-induced agarwood production in A. sinensis.

Relations of mold, stove, and fragrance products on childhood wheezing and asthma: A prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the associations between mold growth, type of stoves, and fragrance materials and early childhood wheezing and asthma, using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Mold growth at home, usage of kerosene/gas stove, wood stove/fireplace, and air freshener/deodorizer were surveyed using a questionnaire at 1.5-year-old, and childhood wheezing and doctor-diagnosed asthma during the previous year were obtained using a 3-year-old questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between exposure to childhood wheezing and asthma. A total of 60529 children were included in the analysis. In multivariate analyses, mold growth and wood stove/fireplace had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for wheezing (mold growth: 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.22; wood stove/fireplace: 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.46). All four exposures had no significant ORs for childhood doctor-diagnosed asthma; however, in the supplemental analysis of northern regions, wood stove/fireplace had a significantly higher OR for asthma. Mold growth and wood stove/fireplace had significant associations with childhood wheezing in the northern regions. Mold elimination in the dwellings and use of clean heating (no air pollution emissions) should be taken into consideration to prevent and improve childhood wheezing and asthma.

ROOT INDUCTION OF PATCHOULI PLANT STEM CUTTINGS USING IBA GROWTH REGULATOR ON SEVERAL PLANT MEDIA

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) plant is one of the essential oil producing plants, that is useful in the chemical industry as a raw material for fragrance products and in the pharmaceutical field. The success rate of patchouli early growth, is largely determined by the cultivation techniques used, including the use of growth regulators, and growing media. This study aims to determine the effect of IBA growth regulators and the composition of plant media on the growth of patchouli plants. This research is carried out in the Greenhouse of the Forestry Study Program of the University of Mataram, using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RALF), the first factor is IBA growth regulator with 3 levels, namely 0, 20, 25 ppm and the second factor is composition of plant media with 3 levels, namely forest soil media, soil media:sand:compost (1:1:1), and soil media:sand:compost (2:1:3). The results show that the effect of IBA significantly affect the success percentage of cuttings and the number of roots of patchouli plants. The effect of plant media composition and the interaction between treatment of IBA with plant media composition did not have a significant effect on the growth parameters of patchouli plants.

Wearable EEG Entropy and Spectral Measures for Classification of Consumer Reward-based Evaluation of Odor Stimuli.

Consumer neuroscience is a rapidly emerging field, with the ability to detect consumer attitudes and states via real-time passive technologies being highly valuable. While many studies have attempted to classify consumer emotions and perceived pleasantness of olfactory products, no known machine learning approach has yet been developed to directly predict consumer reward-based decision-making, which has greater behavioral relevance. In this proof-of-concept study, participants indicated their decision to have fragrance products repeated after fixed exposures to them. Single-trial power spectral density (PSD) and approximate entropy (ApEn) features were extracted from EEG signals recorded using a wearable device during fragrance exposures, and served as subject-independent inputs for 4 supervised learning algorithms (kNN, Linear-SVM, RBF- SVM, XGBoost). Using a cross-validation procedure, kNN yielded the best classification accuracy (77.6%) using both PSD and ApEn features. Acknowledging the challenging prospects of single-trial classification of high-order cognitive states especially with wearable EEG devices, this study is the first to demonstrate the viability of using sensor-level features towards practical objective prediction of consumer reward experience.

Special Issue “Current and Evolving Practices in the Quality Control of Cosmetics”

Quality Control (QC) testing of Cosmetic personal care and fragrance products is a key part of the products’ launch to the market [...]

Volatile Organic Compounds in Primary Schools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Characterization and Health Risk Assessment

Limited information about exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in primary schools in Vietnam is available. In this study, we aimed to characterize indoor VOCs in four primary schools situated in Ho Chi Minh City, a metropolis in the south of Vietnam and assess health risks linked to the students’ exposure to VOCs. Indoor and outdoor air samples were collected in the schools and analyzed for volatile composition using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Different classes of VOCs, including aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, aldehydes, esters, cyclic terpenes, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, were identified and quantified in classrooms of the schools. The results showed that the concentrations of the VOCs differed significantly among the schools and between ground-floor and first floor classrooms. In addition, VOC profiles differed considerably between air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned classrooms. Limonene, a compound associated with fragrance products, was the most abundant VOC, with the median (range) concentration of 26.12 (10.29, 50.08) μg/m3. The concentrations of the compounds examined in the study were in general found to be higher indoors compared with outdoors, signifying indoor emission sources. Potential harmful effects are expected as a result of exposure to benzene, ethylbenzene, naphthalene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and tetrachloroethylene in the investigated schools. Further research is needed to fully assess the health risks to students, teachers, and staff in these educational environments.