Lactic acid bacteria are probiotics that have beneficial effects on the human body. Exopolysaccharides are one of the products of lactic acid bacteria metabolism. At present, it has been proven to play an important role in food processing, which can replace some additives and make food healthier and safer. There are many factors that affect the yield. At present, the best fermentation technology of exopolysaccharides produced by various lactic acid bacteria has been studied. In this paper, the effects of 5 different environmental factors on the production of exopolysaccharides were analyzed. It was found that carbon source was the most important factor affecting the production of exopolysaccharides. And it shows how it can be used in the food industry. The results provided a reference for the optimization of fermentation conditions of other lactic acid bacteria. However, the question that still needs to be solved is whether these effects will have an impact on the subsequent industrial applications, and researchers can pay attention to this research in the future.