Ethanol Production Research Articles

High-quality draft genome sequence of Paenibacillus sp. RC80, a candidate for biofuel production.

Paenibacillus sp. RC80 was isolated from temperate deciduous forest soil in New England. The assembled genome is a single contig with 5,977,337 bp and 97.15% estimated completion. RC80 contains features for 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase production and pathways involved in ethanol production.

Enhanced reducing sugar production by blending hydrolytic enzymes from Aspergillus fumigatus to improve sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis.

Biomass pretreatment for the production of second-generation (2G) ethanol and biochemical products is a challenging process. The present study investigated the synergistic efficiency of purified carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), β-glucosidase, and xylanase from Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253 in the hydrolysis of alkaline-pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The saccharification of pretreated SCB was optimised using a combination of CMCase and β-glucosidase (C + β; 1:1) and addition of xylanase (C + β + xyl; 1:1:1). Independent and dependent variables influencing enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Hydrolysis using purified CMCase and β-glucosidase achieved yields of 18.72mg/mL glucose and 6.98mg/mL xylose. Incorporation of xylanase in saccharification increased the titres of glucose (22.83mg/mL) and xylose (9.54mg/mL). Furthermore, characterisation of SCB biomass by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy respectively confirmed efficient structural disintegration and revealed the degree of crystallinity and spectral characteristics. Therefore, depolymerisation of lignin to produce high-value chemicals is essential for sustainable and competitive biorefinery development.

A Genomewide Evolution-Based CRISPR/Cas9 with Donor-Free (GEbCD) for Developing Robust and Productive Industrial Yeast.

Developing more robust and productive industrial yeast is crucial for high-efficiency biomanufacturing. However, the challenges posed by the long time required and the low abundance of mutations generated through genomewide evolutionary engineering hinder the development and optimization of desired hosts for industrial applications. To address these issues, we present a novel solution called the Genomewide Evolution-based CRISPR/Cas with Donor-free (GEbCD) system, in which nonhomologous-end-joining (NHEJ) repair can accelerate the acquisition of highly abundant yeast mutants. Together with modified rad52 of the DNA double-strand break repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a hypermutation host was obtained with a 400-fold enhanced mutation ability. Under multiple environmental stresses the system could rapidly generate millions of mutants in a few rounds of iterative evolution. Using high-throughput screening, an industrial S. cerevisiae SISc-Δrad52-G4-72 (G4-72) was obtained that is strongly robust and has higher productivity. G4-72 grew stably and produced ethanol efficiently in multiple-stress environments, e.g. high temperature and high osmosis. In a pilot-scale fermentation with G4-72, the fermentation temperature was elevated by 8 °C and ethanol production was increased by 6.9% under the multiple stresses posed by the industrial fermentation substrate. Overall, the GEbCD system presents a powerful tool to rapidly generate abundant mutants and desired hosts, and offers a novel strategy for optimizing microbial chassis with regard to demands posed in industrial applications.

The Role of AdhE on Ethanol Tolerance and Production in Clostridium thermocellum

Many anaerobic microorganisms use the bifunctional aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenase, AdhE, to produce ethanol. One such organism is Clostridium thermocellum, which is of interest for cellulosic biofuel production. In the course of engineering this organism for improved ethanol tolerance and production, we observed that AdhE was a frequent target of mutations. Here, we characterized those mutations to understand their effects on enzymatic activity, as well ethanol tolerance and product formation in the organism. We found that there is a strong correlation between NADH-linked alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and ethanol tolerance. Mutations that decrease NADH-linked ADH activity increase ethanol tolerance; correspondingly, mutations that increase NADH-linked ADH activity decrease ethanol tolerance. We also found that the magnitude of ADH activity did not play a significant role in determining ethanol titer. Increasing ADH activity had no effect on ethanol titer. Reducing ADH activity had indeterminate effects on ethanol titer, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing it. Finally, this study shows that the cofactor specificity of ADH activity was found to be the primary factor affecting ethanol yield. We expect that these results will inform efforts to use AdhE enzymes in metabolic engineering approaches.

Rutile TiO2-Supported Pt Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Low-Temperature Oxidation of Ethane to Ethanol.

Structure-function relationships of supported metal nanoparticle catalysts in the CO-assisted oxidation of ethane to ethanol were investigated. A rutile TiO2-supported Pt nanoparticle catalyst exhibited the highest ethanol production rate and selectivity. During the reaction, sequential changes in the geometric/electronic states and the particle size of the Pt nanoparticles were observed. The comparison of the catalytic performances of model catalysts with controlled metal-support interactions revealed that Pt0 nanoparticles of 2-3 nm with a high fraction of the surface Ptδ+ species are highly active for the oxidation of ethane to ethanol. The coadded CO plays a pivotal role not only in tuning the oxidation state of the surface Pt but also in producing H2O2, which is the true oxidant for the reaction. The supported Pt nanoparticle uses in situ-generated H2O2 to activate ethane, where the C2H5OOH intermediate is formed through a nonradical mechanism and subsequently converted to C2H5OH. This reaction occurs even at 50 °C with an apparent activation energy of 32 kJ mol-1. The present study sheds light on the usefulness of surface-engineered Pt nanoparticles for the low-temperature oxidation of ethane to ethanol.

Rutile TiO2-Supported Pt Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Low-Temperature Oxidation of Ethane to Ethanol.

Structure-function relationships of supported metal nanoparticle catalysts in the CO-assisted oxidation of ethane to ethanol were investigated. A rutile TiO2-supported Pt nanoparticle catalyst exhibited the highest ethanol production rate and selectivity. During the reaction, sequential changes in the geometric/electronic states and the particle size of the Pt nanoparticles were observed. The comparison of the catalytic performances of model catalysts with controlled metal-support interactions revealed that Pt0 nanoparticles of 2-3 nm with a high fraction of the surface Ptδ+ species are highly active for the oxidation of ethane to ethanol. The coadded CO plays a pivotal role not only in tuning the oxidation state of the surface Pt but also in producing H2O2, which is the true oxidant for the reaction. The supported Pt nanoparticle uses in situ-generated H2O2 to activate ethane, where the C2H5OOH intermediate is formed through a nonradical mechanism and subsequently converted to C2H5OH. This reaction occurs even at 50 °C with an apparent activation energy of 32 kJ mol-1. The present study sheds light on the usefulness of surface-engineered Pt nanoparticles for the low-temperature oxidation of ethane to ethanol.

The enhancement of ethanol production from NaOH-catalyzed organosolv pretreated poplar with compound additives

In this study, different additives (such as Bovine serum albumin (BSA), PEG 8000, calcium lignosulfonate, tea saponin, and Tween 80) were introduced to enhance the efficiency of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of NaOH-catalyzed organosolv pretreated poplar. Then the influence of two-factor additive compound on SSF was determined, only 75 mg/g BSA had a positive interaction with 150 mg/g tea saponin, which generated the maximal ethanol yield of 92.83 % with ethanol concentration of 18.82 g/L after 24 h, ascribing to the higher relative enzyme activity, free enzyme, and Zeta potential. Furthermore, with the addition of combined additives at an enzyme dosage of 8 FPU/g substrate, the NaOH-catalyzed organosolv pretreated poplar liberated higher ethanol than that without additive at an enzyme dosage of 15 FPU/g substrate. This phenomenon indicated that the use of combined additive can improve fermentation efficiency, while reducing almost 1/2 enzyme dosage. In general, this study provided a facile and efficient method for ethanol production with compound additives.

Daqu regulates the balance of saccharification and alcoholic fermentation to promote Chinese baijiu fermentation

Saccharifying activity of starter culture plays a key role on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Chinese baijiu fermentation. However, the regulation of alcoholic fermentation by Daqu starter or saccharifying enzymes still remains unclear in the baijiu fermentation. In this study, we identified 13 proteins, affiliated to 4 saccharifying enzymes (including alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase and beta-glucosidase) as the key saccharifying enzymes in Daqu by metaproteomic and culture-dependent analysis. These enzymes were metabolized from plant substrate (13.4%) and microbial metabolism (86.6%), and especially alpha-amylase and glucoamylase from Aspergillus and Rhizopus were dominant in Daqu bio-system. Furthermore, we observed the dynamic of saccharifying activity of Daqu (from 241 to 395 U) was driven by the combinations of isolated saccharifying microbes responsible for key enzymes releasing, indicating AR7 group (with a ration of Rhizopus oryzae: Aspergillus oryzae in 10:1) presented the highest saccharifying activity (395 U) in a simulative Daqu production. However, the highest ethanol production (80.5 mg/g) was obtained from the fermentation driven by AR8 group (with a ration of Rhizopus oryzae: Aspergillus oryzae in 50:1) with the saccharifying activity of 389 U. These results indicated that a proper combination of saccharifying microbes could enhance the saccharifying activity of Daqu and then promote ethanol production in baijiu fermentation, as it did not always exhibit a positive correlativity between saccharifying activity and alcoholic fermentation. Our findings should provide a potential approach to regulate the alcoholic fermentation by optimizing the saccharifying microbes or enzymes of starter cultures for baijiu and other fermented food.

Silica Wort Supplementation as an Alternative for Yeast Stress Relief on Corn Ethanol Production with Cell Recycling

In very high gravity (VHG) fermentation, yeast cells are subjected to a multitude of challenging conditions, including the osmotic pressure exerted by the high sugar content of the wort and the stress factors associated with the high ethanol concentrations present at the end of the fermentation cycle. The response of this biological system to abiotic stresses may be enhanced through biochemical and physiological routes. Silica may play a significant role in regulating the cellular homeostasis of yeast. Alternatively, it is expected that this outcome may be achieved through biochemical responses from the effects of vitamins on yeast cells and the physiological yeast route changing by the culture medium aeration. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of adding 500 mg L−1 of silica on corn ethanol wort medium and the possibility of supplementing the same wort with vitamins alongside aeration (0.2 v v−1 min−1) as an alternative resource to sustain the fermentation yield rather than adding silica in a fed-batch fermentation cycle with yeast recycling. Upon completion of the five fermentation cycles, yeast samples subjected to the treatment with the addition of silica exhibited a 3.1% higher fermentation yield in comparison to the results observed in the vitamins plus aeration medium bath. Even though greater biomass production (19.1 g L−1) was observed through aerobic yeast behavior in vitaminized supplemented corn medium, the provided silica had a more beneficial effect on yeast stress relief for very high gravity fermentation in a corn hydrolyzed wort with cell recycling.

Agronomic performance and technological quality of sugarcane submitted to different poultry litter dosages

Sugarcane is a central crop for sugar and ethanol production. Investing in sustainable practices can enhance productivity, technological quality, mitigate impacts, and contribute to a cleaner energy future. Among the factors that help increase the productivity of sugarcane, the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the soil are amongst the most important. The use of poultry litter has been an important alternative for soil improvement, as it acts as a soil conditioner. Therefore, this work aimed to verify the best doses of poultry litter for the vegetative, reproductive and technological components of sugarcane. The experiment was carried out at Usina Denusa Destilaria Nova União S/A in the municipality of Jandaia, GO. The experimental design used was a complete randomized block design with four replications: 5 × 4, totaling 20 experimental units. The evaluated factor consisted of four doses of poultry litter plus the control (0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 t ha−1). In this study, were evaluated the number of tillers, lower stem diameter, average stem diameter, upper stem diameter, plant height, stem weight and productivity. The technological variables of total recoverable sugar, recoverable sugar, Brix, fiber, purity and percentage of oligosaccharides were also evaluated. It was observed, within the conditions of this experiment, that the insertion of poultry litter did not interfere significantly in most biometric, productive and technological variables of the sugarcane. But it can also be inferred that there was a statistical trend toward better results when the sugarcane was cultivated with 4 t ha-1 of poultry litter.

Bioethanol production from cassava fed-batch fermentation in pervaporation membrane bioreactor with permeate fractional condensation

A new type pervaporation membrane bioreactor was developed by coupling cassava-based fed-batch fermentation and pervaporation membrane separation technology for bioethanol production. Membrane separation slowed down broth accumulation rate and mitigated ethanol product inhibition. The fermentation time, average sugar consumption rate, ethanol production and ethanol productivity were 131h, 6.6 gL-1h−1, 149.4 gL-1 and 2.5 gL-1h−1, respectively. They were improved by 55.9 %, 73.2 %, 32.3 % and 49.7 %, respectively, compared to those of conventional fed-batch fermentation. The average membrane flux and separation factor were 711.3 gm-2h−1 and 6.5, respectively, with an ethanol concentration of 24.4 wt% in the permeate. Throughout fermentation, the total mass transfer coefficient remained constant at 9.6 × 10-6 ms−1, with the convection mass transfer coefficient decreasing as the broth viscosity increasing while the membrane mass transfer coefficient slightly increasing. A two-stage condensation downstream the membrane achieved fractional vapor recovery. The primary condensate with low ethanol concentration (1.6 wt%) can be used for cassava hydrolyzation, saving 14.0 % of water requirement. Recovering ethanol from the high-concentration (32.6 wt%) secondary condensate required lower energy (46 %) compared to direct recovery from the total permeate.

Enhancing efficiency in ethanol production from high solid corn stover: Insights into enzymatic hydrolysis parameters and cellulase recovery

BackgroundThe simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) at high solid loading is an effective approach to improve the economic feasibility of bioethanol. MethodsIn this study, the high-solid SSCF of superfine grinding corn stover was treated with cheap and readily available deionized water (DW) instead of sodium citrate buffer solution (SCBS). Additionally, the evaluation of temperature, enzyme loading, solid loading, and cellulose recovery were carried out to determine their impact on ethanol production. Significant FindingsThe results of the analysis indicated that replacing SCBS with DW had negligible effects on the SSCF of ethanol and byproducts (acetic acid and glycerol). The ethanol yield increased by 18 % at 35 °C compared to the yield at 30 °C. As enzyme loading increased, more cellulose active sites in corn stover were bound by cellulase, which increased the ethanol yield by improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. The SSCF process didn't incorporate any buffer, resulting in an even higher ethanol titer (55.42 g/L). Furthermore, the cellulase productivity increased by 71 % after recovery, compared to the non-recovery. The results indicated that the optimized SSCF process is a potential technique for producing bioethanol on a commercial level because it improves the production efficiency while keeping costs low.

Difference between traditional brewing technology and mechanized production technology of jiangxiangxing baijiu: Micro ecology of zaopei, physicochemical factors and volatile composition

Mechanized production of Jiangxiangxing Baijiu (JB) stands as a pivotal trend in today’s Baijiu industry. This study, employing high-throughput sequencing and headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS) technology, comprehensively analyzed the micro ecology, physicochemical factors, and volatile components during pit fermentation, comparing traditional fermentation Zaopei (TZP) and mechanized fermentation Zaopei (MZP). According to the research findings, the dominant microorganisms in the fermentation process of ZP comprise Lactobacillus, Monascus, Issatchenkia, and Zygosaccharomyces. In addition, functional microorganisms like Zygosaccharomyces, Monascus, Issatchenkia, Leiothecium, Candida, Pichia, and others exhibited differences on day 0 and throughout the fermentation process. These differences are attributed to the effects of distinct fermentation environment and physicochemical factors. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis detected 87 volatile compounds in TZP and MZP, with 56 showing significant differences, primarily including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, and aromatics. Additionally, fermentation can be classified into two phases based on ethanol and volatile compounds production: the initial phase (0–12 days, P1) primarily focuses on alcohols production, while the subsequent phase (12–30 days, P2) concentrates on volatile compounds generation. The subsequent correlation analysis indicates that variations in volatile compounds primarily arise from shifts in microbial composition, with notable differences observed in fungi, specifically Monascus, Zygosaccharomyces, and Issatchenkia, which drive the disparities in volatile compounds. This study provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the realization of mechanized high-quality production of JB.

Enhanced ethanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation over Fe and Na co-modified Rh/CeO2 catalysts

Rh catalyst is investigated as a strong candidate for CO2 hydrogenation to ethanol, but it is still challenging because of the poor conversion efficiency. Here, by screening the promotors systematically and varying the amounts of components simultaneously, the optimized catalyst of 2Rh0.5Fe0.5Na/CeO2 was found to highly efficient catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to ethanol, giving a high ethanol selectivity of 29.8 % with a superior CO2 conversion of 13.0 % at 250 °C, 3 MPa, and the ethanol productivity reached 116.7 mmol·gRh−1·h−1. Characterization results revealed that the modification of Fe and Na, can promote the dispersion of Rh and the formation of Rh+ species, enhancing the capacities of CO2 adsorption and dissociation. In situ DRIFT experiment illuminated that the Rh active sites synergized with Fe and Na can stabilize the adsorbed species of m-CO32− and CO3H−, and promote the generation of HCOO* and CO* intermediates, which can be provided to couple with the CHx species, resulting in the high efficacy for ethanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation.

Mapping the Nexus: A County-Level Analysis and Visualization of Iowa’s Food–Energy–Water Systems

This study presents a county-level analysis and visual assessment of Iowa’s Food–Energy–Water systems (IFEWs), focusing on the interdependencies of agricultural practices, nitrogen management, and energy production. We use data from the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service and other sources to assess cropland-nitrogen sources, animal-based-nitrogen contributions, and ethanol production capacity across Iowa’s counties. Our methodology leverages geoprocessing and interpolation tools to address data availability challenges and refine nitrogen surplus (Ns) estimates. The results reveal spatial–temporal dynamics of cropland-nitrogen, quantify non-point nitrogen sources at the county level, and evaluate the impact of energy systems on the IFEWs balance. We discuss the implications of our findings for sustainable agriculture, environmental management, and energy production in Iowa. The study highlights the need for integrated approaches to address the complex interactions within the IFEWs and informs policy development for sustainable resource management.

Critical Role of Cu Nanoparticle-Loaded Cu(100) Surface Structures on Structured Copper-Based Catalysts in Boosting Ethanol Generation in CO2 Electroreduction.

Presently, realizing high ethanol selectivity in CO2 electroreduction remains challenging due to difficult C-C coupling and fierce product competition. In this work, we report an innovative approach for improving the efficiency of Cu-based electrocatalysts in ethanol generation from electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using a crystal plane modification strategy. These novel Cu-based electrocatalysts were fabricated by electrochemically activating three-dimensional (3D) flower-like CuO micro/nanostructures grown in situ on copper foils and modifying with surfactants. It was demonstrated that the fabricated Cu-based electrocatalyst featured a predominantly exposed Cu(100) surface loaded with high-density Cu nanoparticles (NPs). The optimal Cu-based electrocatalyst displayed considerably improved CO2 electroreduction performance, with a Faraday efficiency of 37.9% for ethanol and a maximum Faraday efficiency of 68.0% for C2+ products at -1.4 V vs RHE in an H-cell, accompanied by a high current density of 69.9 mA·cm-2, much better than the particulate Cu-based electrocatalyst. It was unveiled that the Cu(100)-rich surface of nanoscale petals with abundant under-coordinated copper atoms from CuNPs was conducive to the formation and stabilization of key *CH3CHO and *OC2H5 intermediates, thereby promoting ethanol generation. This study highlighted the critical role of CuNP-loaded Cu(100) surface structures on structured Cu-based electrocatalysts in enhancing ethanol production for the CO2 electroreduction process.

The Food, Energy, and Water Nexus through the Lens of Electric Vehicle Adoption and Ethanol Consumption in the United States

The US produces a large share of global biofuels but is unique in using a relatively inefficient biofuel pathway involving corn (maize) for ethanol production. The Renewable Fuel Standards that enshrine this feedstock were intended as a greenhouse gas emissions reduction measure but have had the effect of coupling the food, energy, and, to a lesser extent, water systems. This paper looks at the food–energy–water (FEW) nexus as exemplified by the growth in corn agriculture for internal combustion engine vehicle fuel and how that will likely change as vehicle electrification proceeds and accelerates. Starting with scenarios in which there is a rapid uptake in electric vehicles by 2030 and beyond, we examine the implications for the switch from liquid fuels for transportation in the United States toward electric vehicles (EVs). We find that scenarios in which EV penetration grows rapidly will clearly decrease demand for corn ethanol. Our analysis shows that, with judicious planning, the decrease in corn ethanol demand can have potential positive co-benefits. These co-benefits include reducing stressors on depleting aquifers and nutrient runoff to waterways. Substituting a small fraction of displaced industrial corn–ethanol cropland with large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity can supply a large fraction of the additional electricity needed for EVs. Finally, solar PV generation can ameliorate or even increase income and create more jobs than those lost to the decreased ethanol demand.

Organic Acid-Based Hemicellulose Fractionation and Cellulosic Ethanol Potential of Five Miscanthus Genotypes

The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as Miscanthus grown on marginal agricultural land is very challenging and requires severe conditions to fractionate cell wall polymers for further valorization. The current study aimed to determine organic acid-based mild conditions to pretreat contrasting lignocellulosic Miscanthus genotypes for the efficient fractionation of cell wall components, with special focus on hemicellulose extraction. In doing so, five Miscanthus genotypes were subjected to four different acid treatments (sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, and citric acid) in a vertical high-pressure steam sterilizer. The results demonstrated that, among the organic acids, oxalic acid was identified as the most effective pretreatment solvent for hemicellulose separation, whereas citric acid yielded the highest amount of galacturonic acid, varying from 15 to 17 mg mL−1 across genotypes. One best performing genotype was selected for the enzymatic hydrolysis. Overall, M. floridulus genotypes exhibited the optimal quality traits for efficient bioconversion with second best in terms of ethanol production potential.

EVALUATION OF SILAGE OF SORGHUM AND SUDAN GRASS HYBRID PULP FOR BIOENERGY PURPOSES

This research was carried out to determine the potential for using the pulp of 10 different sorghum x sudan grass hybrid varieties (Aneto, Greengo, Jumbo, Master BMR, Nutri Honey, Nutrima, Sugar Graze II, Supergraze 1000, Süper Su 22, Tonka) used to obtain ethanol in Bingöl, Eastern Anatolian ecological conditions as silage. Field trials were carried out in 3 replications in 2020 according to the randomized block design. The plants were harvested during the pulping period of the grains. The stems from which the sap was extracted were silaged and left for fermentation at room temperature for 45 days. Feed quality characteristics and organic acid contents were determined in silage materials. Depending on the varieties; silages have a physical score of 7-19, dry matter rate 37.58-50.94%, pH value 3.36-4.30, ADF rate 39.33-50.76%, NDF rate 53.40-66.86%, ADL rate 10.90-13.96%, CP rate 2.76-4.46%, DDM ratio 49.33-50.26%, DMI ratio 1.80-2.36%, RFV ratio 68.66-107.00, net energy value 1.176-1.337, AA ratio 0.11-0.66%, BA ratio 0.76-1.16%, LA ratio 0.07-1.05% and PA ratio was found to vary between 0.0013-0.0026%. As a result, it was concluded that silages made with pulp in cultivars of sorghum x sudan grass hybrid plant can be used more appropriately in cellulosic ethanol production than forage.

Enhanced biobutanol production with sustainable Co-substrates synergy from paper waste and garden waste with municipal biowaste

Synergy in the co-processing of lignocellulosic wastes and municipal biowaste (MB) can unlock their potential for biobutanol production. This study assessed the potential for biobutanol production through the co-processing of lignocellulosic waste and MB. Specifically, it compared the co-processing of paper waste with MB to that of garden waste and MB. Ethanol organosolv pretreatment served as a dual-function process for both pretreatment and detoxification purposes. Initial fermentation of hydrolysates from untreated paper waste using Clostridium acetobutylicum produced 0.9 g/L of acetone and ethanol but no detectable butanol. Organosolv pretreatment led to a significant increase in acetone and ethanol production but did not yield butanol. Co-processing paper waste with MB using organosolv pretreatment resulted in the production of 2.8–3.2 g/L butanol, along with increased acetone and ethanol production. Furthermore, co-processing a 1:1 (w/w) mixture of paper waste and MB under mild and severe pretreatment conditions produced 45.5 g and 43.4 g butanol, respectively, compared to 34.8 g and 14.4 g butanol when processing these waste streams separately. The study also explored the positive impact of co-processing garden waste with MB, a distinct lignocellulosic source, enhancing acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) yield by 27–40%. These findings highlight the potential of synergistic waste co-processing for achieving a more suitable balance of nutrients to enhance biobutanol and ABE production from biowastes. Additionally, the simultaneous treatment of lignocellulosic waste and municipal biowaste offers a simplified approach to waste processing, contributing to advancements in sustainable biomass utilization and bioenergy production.