Compound Feed Production Research Articles

THE ART OF DESIGN, OPERATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES, RECIPES, SAFETY AND QUALITY OF FEEDS. IX -th session of the International School of Feeds

From July 1 to 6, 2024, with the support of the European Federation of Feed Manufacturers, the European Federation of Food Science and Technology, the Association "Union of Feed Manufacturers of Ukraine", Odesa National University of Technological (ONTU), ProAgro Group of Companies and the "Club of Young Scientists" ONUT held the IX -th session of the International School of Feeds "THE ART OF DESIGN, OPERATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES, RECIPES, SAFETY AND QUALITY OF FEEDS". Despite martial law, air alarms, blackouts and other obstacles, the session took place, and it was successful. The session was attended by scientists and specialists in the field of compound feed production, 3 scientific and project organizations: Interprojekt Gmbh, LLC "S-engineering", GK "Zernova stolitsia", 17 representatives from 8 compound feed enterprises: PrJSC MZVKK, Katerynopilsky elevator, AGROPROGRESS PLUS GRAIN COMPANY, VitagroNutryshyn, Kombifeed, MEGA KORM LLC, Kramar LLC, AGRICON Group, as well as Technik BG Gmbh, JSC ADM Illichivsk, LLC Sok-Trade. The session discussed trends in design, increasing the efficiency of operation and robotization of feed production, features of providing nutrients and biologically active substances, production of feed and regulation of their productive action, trainings in modern scientific laboratories of ONUT.

Studying the protein complex of flax cake obtained from the seeds of a new variety of kazakh selection

In the Republic of Kazakhstan, pressing of flax seeds (squeezing) is most often used, therefore cake is more common than meal and its resulting physical reserves exceed meal several times. The biochemical characteristics of the protein complex of flaxseed have not been sufficiently studied, which, in our opinion, limits the use of protein products obtained from flax seeds such as flaxseed cake in the production of compound feed for farm animals and poultry. The article presents studies of the protein complex and amino acid composition of flaxseed cake of the Kazakhstan variety “Kostanay 11”. Flaxseed cake contains 36,5% protein, the fat content is 7,5%. The fractional composition of flaxseed cake was compared with the flax varieties “Northern” and “Golden” grown in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The amino acid composition of flaxseed cake was compared with other cakes used in feeding farm animals and poultry. The purpose of the study is to study the fractional composition of the protein complex of flaxseed cake from flax variety "Kostanay 11". A characteristic feature of the protein complex of flax seeds is the high total content of water- and salt-soluble proteins – albumins 29,2% and globulins 16,8%, which are considered well digestible. Flaxseed cake from flax variety "Kostanay 11" in its amino acid value is equal to the known cakes common in feed production and is second only to soybean cake. This allows us to assert that flaxseed cake obtained from the seeds of the “Kostanay 11” variety remained a highly digestible and highly nutritious product in terms of protein absorption, suitable for its inclusion in the diets of all types of farm animals and poultry, starting with feed for young animals.

Use of feed additive Actigen in the production of compound feed for pregnant sows

The introduction of various innovative technologies in diff erent branches of animal husbandry involves the use of various non-traditional feed additives in animal diets, which contribute not only to the disclosure of genetic potential, but also to the removal of heavy metals from the body of animals, bees and poultry. The purpose of the research was to use the Actigen feed additive in the production of compound feed for pregnant sows. Scientifi c and economic experiment in improving the production technology of compound feed for pregnant sows was carried outunder the conditions of a compound feed plant at Agrofi rm Ariant LLC. The object of the study was compound feed, as well as pregnant sows. For the research, 2 groups of pregnant sows (control and experimental) were formed per 10 heads in each according to the principle of pairs-analogues. The sows of control group compound feed without the Actigen feed additive was given, and the sows of experimental group it was with Actigen additive. The Actigen feed additive was used at a dose of 0.5 kg per 1 ton of compound feed. The results of the experiment showed that the experimental group produced by 9 live piglets more than the control group, and the average weight of one piglet in the experimental group was0.15 kg more than in the control group. There were 4 stillborn piglets in the control group, which was 1 head or 33.3 % more than in the experimental group. The average live weight of one piglet at weaning in the experimental group was 6.00 kg, which was 0.80 kg more than in the control group. The weight of the litter at weaning in the control group was 54.08 kg, and in the experimental groupit was 69.60 kg, which was 15.52 kg more than in the control group. Thus, the Actigen feed additive at the dose of 0.5 kg per 1 ton of compound feed had a positive infl uence on the reproductive traits of sows.

INCREASING THE STABILITY OF COMBINED FEED DURING ITS STORAGE

Compound feed plays an important role in feeding livestock and poultry in large-scale agriculture. Therefore, ensuring the quality of compound feed is very important from an economic point of view and plays a decisive role in increasing the profitability of livestock and poultry farming. The compound feed industry produces mixtures of various ingredients (raw materials), which are combined in various combinations and proportions. This defines the name of the compound food. Compound feed is a balanced mixture of different feeds and micro-additives, made according to a specific recipe for each group of animals for complete nutrition of farm animals. Combined feed, containing nutrients necessary for the animal, enriched with trace elements (premixes), which have a positive effect on productivity and allow to increase productivity by 30%. Therefore, it is important to ensure the quality of compound feed during storage and use of substances that do not impair product quality. The main task in the production of compound feed is to create a consistency that meets the high caloric needs of livestock, poultry and poultry and ensures their growth, formation and maintenance.

MARKET OF PRODUCTS OF THE FEED INDUSTRY IN TODAY'S CONDITIONS

The article is devoted to the study of the state and prospects for the development of the feed industry market in Ukraine. The main reasons for the unstable activity of subjects of compound feed production, such as the high sensitivity of the market to changes in the grain industry, the limitation of the available raw material base, the lack of high-tech production in the necessary volumes, the constant increase in costs for the production of compound feed products, the insufficient development of the market infrastructure, the lack of sufficient solvent demand. The war in Ukraine affected the demand for compound feed products, production, sales, and logistics. The article provides statistical data of the Ukrainian market in 2022–2023 on the volume of compound feed production and the prices of compound feed components, namely grain and oil crops. Considering the export problems in Ukraine, raw materials are competitive in price policy. This situation is favorable for the Ukrainian production of compound feed, which, in turn, allows to increase the production of animal husbandry products . State influence in the direction of vertical integration makes it possible to control the beginning of the production chain, primarily grain producers to ensure the sale of agricultural products, protection from price fluctuations in raw materials markets, and flexible response to consumer requests. State stimulation of research and innovation , such as providing financial support and incentives for research in the field of compound fodder production, will contribute to the development of new technologies , improvement of feed quality, and increased competitiveness . To date, compound feed producers have overcome infrastructure challenges associated with the loss of logistics chains, damaged businesses, and demonstrated positive development trends and sustainable economic performance.

Feed industry: transfer of new technologies

Relevance – the industry for production of compound feed for farm animals is the main link in the structure of the AIC, located in the middle of all production and technological connections of the livestock products market. Over the past decade, quite high indicators have been achieved in feed production in the republic. The main components are the increase in consumption of grain fodder by livestock industry, increase in production volume of the main components of feed preparation, and optimization of the procurement of raw materials. The goal is to show the realities and prospects for increasing the potential of feed industry in Kazakhstan, the need for effective strategies based on intensification and innovative technology renewal. Methods – comparative, statistical, system analysis, logical generalization. Results - the authors state that enterprises that have become the main suppliers of raw materials for livestock sector have a number of economic difficulties that do not allow them to meet the growing needs of agroindustrial production and create reserves for large-scale export of combined feed and livestock products to the world market, in particular in countries of the Middle East. There is a significant dependence of feed production on cereals, since the key type of raw material source is 5 grade grain (coarse). Therefore, it is necessary to expand the area under these crops to obtain the required volumes of grain mixtures and feed. It is noted that one of the main promising areas of innovative activity remains the issue of reducing cost of operating equipment and energy costs. Conclusions - organization of highly efficient feed production segment in the country is necessary for proportional and balanced development of grain processing enterprises - main components of grain and meat product subcomplexes and the links between them. It is necessary to increase the capacity of large production enterprises to provide feed products on industrial scale, and also to apply technologies based on the use of grass flour and molasses from grains, which contain a high proportion of elements with high energy value, which can significantly increase the efficiency of raising livestock and reduce product costs.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE POULTRY INDUSTRY AND HIDDEN OPPORTUNITIES

Today, both producers and consumers of fodders are aware that achieving high productivity of animals and poultry, as well as optimal quality of final products, is impossible without the use of complete and nutritionally balanced feed. Requirements for the quality of compound feeds continuously grow and change, as new, more productive animal breeds and poultry crosses appear. It is proved that the COVID-19 pandemic, the full-scale war in Ukraine, climate variability and the global economic crisis are seriously undermining efforts to fight hunger and improve food security and nutrition. In the countries of Europe and Central Asia, the number of people who face problems in accessing adequate nutrition, including quality and safe products, has increased by 25.5 million people. According to FAO estimates, by 2050 we will have to increase the production of food and animal protein, including by 60%, to provide food for the world's 9.3 billion people. It has been established that poultry products are the most common and available source of animal protein to meet the needs of the world's population. The dynamics of changes in the feed production volume in 2018-2023 according to the data of the annual Agri-Food Outlook are presented. The top 10 leading countries in the feed production in 2022 are listed. They consume 64% of the world's compound feed, and half of the world's compound feed consumption is concentrated in four countries (China, USA, Brazil and India). A comparative analysis of the structure of compound feed production by types of agricultural animals and poultry for 2021-2023 shows that there is a growth trend for almost all types. The production of compound feed for pigs has been negatively affected by ASF all over the world. The greatest growth is observed in the field of compound feed for pets. It has been proven that a third of consumers prefer poultry products due to their availability and quality. In Ukraine, the industry is developing rapidly even in the conditions of a full-scale war, personnel shortages, power outages, inflation and disruption of logistics chains. The volume of global poultry production from 2012 to 2023 is shown. It is constantly increasing, caused by the increase in demand for affordable and relatively cheap animal protein. As a result of the analysis of the dynamics of poultry meat production by country in 2022-2023, it was established that the USA remains the leader in the production of poultry meat in the world for many years. Brazil and China remain in second and third place. Brazil has the largest growth during the reporting period. High competition in the field of breeding of laying hens and broilers stimulates the development of niche industries, such as guinea fowl breeding. Guinea fowls are raised for meat, eggs and fluff. This can be a very profitable business, especially for small poultry farms, due to the speed of payback of small investments and the unpretentiousness of the bird

CONCEPT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL GRAPH OF FEED AND FOOD PRODUCTION

Compound feeds are favorable environments for microorganisms, namely bacteria and fungi. Both groups contain nonpathogenic, opportunistic and pathogenic members. Bacteria can cause infections, and fungi can cause mycotoxicoses, so controlling microbial contamination of feed is of great importance. Sources of microbial contamination of compound feed include both raw materials and the production environment: air, surfaces, equipment, and the hands and clothing of employees. As raw materials and pre-products move through production lines, they undergo certain processes that can either reduce or increase microbial contamination. The reducing processes include grain dehulling and high-temperature processing (moisture and heat treatment, conditioning, extrusion, expansion, drying of minerals, granulation), while the increasing processes include making preliminary mixtures, grinding, dosing and mixing, and the production of grits. In dosing and mixing, the contribution of each component is determined by its dose and has a two-way effect: the component contributes its microbiota, but its mass dilutes the mixture. The sequence of these processes represents a certain dynamics of microbial burden, which will result in the contamination level of the finished product lower or higher than in the initial raw material. This sequence can be represented as a microbiological graph, the vertices of which are the positive or negative contributions of the processes to the microbiological burden of the material. And the system of such vertices can be represented as a simple mathematical equation. Creating microbiological graphs for individual production lines or for the manufacture as a whole can help to understand the microbiological dynamics in a material or product and apply appropriate corrective measures to prevent microbiological hazards in the final product. This paper proposes a method of making a microbiological graph with two types of vertex designations for the IV generation compound feed production, as well as a mathematical apparatus for calculating the vertices of the graph.

Control program for the dosing system of dry bulk feed components

The development of intensive farming technologies is impossible without the introduction of modern technologies. The problem of compound feed production in the voiced aspect can be solved not only through the development of new machines and equipment, but also the introduction of modern control systems. The article presents an analysis of existing dispenser control systems. Based on the analysis of programs and control systems, it was revealed that almost all programs are designed to work in limited conditions, some of them do not take into account a number of factors affecting the accuracy of the material supply. Therefore, a control program for a twin-screw dispenser is proposed. When developing the management program, we started from the technological process of dosing. The possibility of controlling two augers was taken into account: first, a large auger (driven by an asynchronous electric motor) turns on and feeds the main part, then it turns off and the second small auger (driven by an asynchronous or stepper motor) turns on, which carries out the filling of the remaining part. In this case, signals about the amount of material supplied are transmitted from weighing sensors (strain gauges). The proposed control program for the twin-screw dispenser is developed for the TM241C24R PLC in the Structured Text (ST) programming language, one of the languages of the IEC61131-3 standard, in the EcoStruxure Machine Expert programming environment. The control is displayed on a liquid crystal display. The main screen displays basic information: the parameters of the electric motor, the recipe and the readings of the weighing sensors. The program allows you to control the operation of dispensers in several modes. In automatic mode, each dispenser supplies only one component. In manual control mode, the dispensers are started and stopped by the operator from the control panel. In this case, it is possible to set the rotation speed of the dispenser shaft. In the dosing mode with two augers, one component is dispensed with two augers. The proposed program will improve the accuracy of dosing in automatic mode.

EVALUATION OF GRAIN SHELLING EFFICIENCY BY ROTOR-TYPE MACHINES

Grain processing for the purpose of manufacturing products and compound feed is one of the main directions of the country's economic development. The grain prepared for the production of products and compound feed must meet the requirements that make it necessary to obtain quality compound feed, groats, flour and other products. Grain processing is the most important component of the country's agricultural sector, as it provides the consumer market with the necessary raw material.The grain processing industry in the country reaches a significant volume and has prospects for development and increased productivity. The processing of wheat, which contains about 80% of endosperm, appears to be the most important and significant. The efficiency of technological processes of grain preparation in the production of compound feed, groats, flour and other products depends on energy consumption. One of the most important operations of grain preparation for processing is the process of its dehusking. The choice of a rational method for the most effective dehusking process, i.e. the separation of the grain sheaths from the core can be carried out based on taking into account the mechanical properties of the grain and the features of the adopted technological operations. Taking into account the characteristics of the destruction of strength, stresses and friction and properties of viscosity, microhardness and stress relaxation of anisotropic structural grain systems during the organization of the process with the establishment of minimum energy consumption for the implementation of the peeling process is of great practical importance. The optimal mode of control of the peeling process is connected with the choice of kinematics and dynamics of the working body of the machine.

The use of soybeans in the structure of the ration of high-yielding cows

In the conditions of intensive milk production in order to ensure high productivity and at the same time preserve the general functional state of animal health it is impossible to do without the use of protein-rich grain components in the structure of compound feed. These include soybeans, which in the western region of Ukraine began to be widely used in the production of compound feed for cattle. The percentage of introduction of soybeans into the structure of compound feed is different and for high-yielding cows requires additional study, which explains the relevance of conducting research on its influence on milk productivity, quality indicators of milk against the background of assimilation of the main nutrients of feed. The study was conducted on four groups of Simmental cows, seven heads in each. The rations of experimental cows provided for three levels of provision of protein needs at the expense of soybeans and were balanced in terms of basic nutrients in compliance with the requirements of detailed requirements. The analysis of the feeding conditions of experimental cows showed that the use of heat-treated soybeans in the structure of the ration contributed to a significant increase in milk productivity, as well as quality indicators, the content of dry matter, fat, protein, calcium and phosphorus. A similar pattern was observed in terms of indicators of the intensity of metabolic processes of cicatricial digestion. Thus, a positive effect on the percentage of certain volatile fatty acids, in particular acetic as a precursor of milk fat was noted. An increase was noted in the digestibility indicators of the main nutrients (protein, fat, fiber digestibility coefficients). The positive effect of soybeans on the milk productivity of the experimental cows was also noted by the results of the balance experiment. The nitrogen balance was positive and its use for milk production in cows of the fourth group compared to the control group was 27.4 % higher. A similar trend was observed in the balance of calcium and phosphorus. So, the conducted studies on the study of the productive effect of different amounts of soybeans instead of cereal components in the structure of compound feed on milk productivity give reason to recommend that farms use prepared soybeans in the proportion of 10–15 % in compound feed for high-yielding cows.

Triticale: A General Overview of Its Use in Poultry Production

Triticale, a hybrid of wheat and rye, is one of the most promising grain crops. In terms of productivity, the level of metabolizable energy, and the composition of essential amino acids, triticale surpasses rye and is not inferior to wheat. It is resistant to the most dangerous diseases and pests. In terms of nutritional value, triticale can compete with wheat, corn, sorghum, and barley. The presence, however, of antinutrients in triticale such as non-starch polysaccharides, alkylresorcinols, and trypsin inhibitors significantly reduces the biological value of this crop. In the global practice of compound feed production, there are many methods and technologies for processing grain raw materials to increase their nutritional value. Enzymatic treatment and extrusion technologies are worthy of special attention. The high content of triticale in the compound feed of poultry breeder flocks should be used effectively, taking into account the characteristics of triticale varieties and climatic conditions. An optimal triticale level in feed (15% for layer and broiler chicks) may improve body weight gain and reduce feed costs when raising replacement young stock. Layer breeder flocks fed a 20% triticale-based diet may have increased egg production, high viability, and flock uniformity. Producing triticale–soy and triticale–sunflower extrudates and supplementing the diet of poultry flocks with essential amino acids represent promising avenues for maximizing the benefits of triticale. Innovative methods of achieving this goal should be further developed and put into practice, particularly given the expansion of triticale’s cultivation areas.

FISH FARMING IS A PROMISING BRANCH OF ENSURING FOOD SECURITY OF THE EARTH'S POPULATION

Based on marketing research, it has been proven that aquaculture is one of the fastest growing branches of food production in the world. The main method of increasing fish productivity in ponds is fish feeding, which is an objective reality with high intensification of fish farming. With the intensification of production processes, the role of feeding is constantly increasing, and the cost of feeding in the cost price of fish is about 40% and has an upward trend. In this connection, the problem of rational feed use becomes extremely important. It is justified that the use of high-quality feed and feed additives in the diet of fattening animals significantly increases the productivity and profitability of the operation of livestock, poultry, and fish farms. 160 factories are engaged in the compound feeds production in Ukraine, the production capacity of which is 7.5 million tons per year. The specified indicator should be realistically increased to 15 million tons of finished products per year. It is established that we will need to produce 60 percent more food by 2050 to feed the world's 9.3 billion people according to estimates compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Therefore, animal protein production is expected to increase with this increase. According to IFIF estimates, the world production of compound feeds has reached more than 1 billion tons per year. Top 10 countries in world compound feed production in 2021–2022 are presented (according to Alltech Agri-Food Outlook 2023). The structure of compound feeds production by types of agricultural animals and poultry in the world in 2022 is summarized. It is proved that the production of fish compound feeds continues to grow in all the world regions. In the world (as well as in Ukraine), fishing and aquaculture play and will play a significant role in the coming centuries in ensuring the food security of the global population. It is necessary to make changes in policy, management, stimulate innovation and investment to the industry to ensure the food security of the planet through fisheries and aquaculture. It is established that the world volume of aquatic bioresources production is constantly growing and in 2022 reached the value of 176 million t/year. More than 150 million tons of aquatic biological resources were used for human consumption. In the conditions of the formation of market relations, against the background of significant costs for feed, feeding fish should be based on careful calculations, the logical conclusion of which should be economic expediency. On the basis of the marketing research of the situation on the market of feed supplements, a shortage of protein vitamin supplements and complete feeds for domestically produced fish was revealed. The restraining factors for the use of foreign supplements are their cost and interruptions in supply.

EVALUATION OF THIAMINE AND RIBOFLAVIN CONTENT IN FEED AND BVD

The need for the content of vitamins in compound feed are decisive elements that significantly affect the development of the animal's body, their metabolism, reproduction and general condition. Taking into account the nature of vitamins and depending on the ability to dissolve, vitamins are divided into main groups, these are those that dissolve in fats (A, D, etc.), and those that dissolve in water, group B. Adding vitamins to compound feed during fattening animals is difficult to overestimate, because the body, with the exception of vitamins D and B1, does not have the ability to synthesize them, and the lack of vitamins is the cause of various complications and disorders of physiological indicators of animals. Cereal plants are the supplier of almost all representatives of B vitamins (except B12). The content of group B vitamins in cereal crops, which are widely used in feed production, depends on such factors as genotype, methods of processing before the production of compound feed, storage conditions, and others.The quantitative determination of vitamins and the use of modern methods for the formation of a balance of vitamins in compound feed and BVD is an urgent task of manufacturers engaged in the production of compound feed for animals and poultry.

INFLUENCE OF THE GRANULATION PROCESS ON THE QUALITY OF THE PROBIOTIC FEED SUPPLEMENT

The modern development of animal husbandry and poultry farming is impossible without compound feed, which is balanced in terms of energy indicators, nutrients and biologically active substances. The presence of biologically active substances in the rations of animals leads to an increase in the cost of compound feed, which affects the cost of livestock products. However, an insufficient amount of biologically active substances leads to the occurrence of diseases that exclude the possibility of further effective use of animals. Probiotic feed products based on live cultures of microorganisms are used to ensure the body's need for biologically active substances of farm animals. Probiotic feed supplement EnzActive based on active yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in feeding farm animals. This supplement is able to increase the assimilation of nutrients by blocking the negative impact of harmful microorganisms on the condition of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, on the processes of digestion and removal of the end products of metabolism. Based on theoretical and experimental data, a structural scheme for the production of granulated compound feed using EnzActive probiotic feed additive is proposed, which involves stepwise dosing and mixing of microcomponents with EnzActive probiotic feed additive, further mixing with prepared and dosed components of compound feed to ensure high uniformity of EnzActive distribution in the finished product. The technology for the production of granulated combined feed products using the EnzActive probiotic feed additive has been developed, which allows for the production of highly homogeneous finished products with a fixed stable composition that meets the physiological needs of farm animals. The physical properties of loose and granulated compound feed with the EnzActive probiotic feed additive were experimentally determined, which indicate that, compared to loose, granular compound feed with the EnzActive probiotic feed additive, it has a smaller angle of natural slope, better flowability, and greater volume, which leads to space saving during transportation and storage. The main quality indicator of the granulated compound feed is the fragility of the granules, which was 27%. It has been established that the introduction of probiotic feed additive EnzActive into the compound feed does not affect the change in the physical properties of the finished compound feed products. Microbiological indicators were determined, which indicate that the number of yeast cells in the granulated compound feed with the EnzActive probiotic feed additive is 51.6% compared to the number of yeast cells in the loose compound feed with the EnzActive probiotic feed additive.

OVERVIEW OF THE PET FOOD MARKET IN UKRAINE

The article defines the peculiarities of the development of the world pet food market. The current state of the pet food market in Ukraine and the world is analyzed, the main market participants and their advantages are highlighted. The results of a sociological survey of Ukrainians on the question of which pets they keep are presented. It was found that 79% of respondents keep cats as pets, and 61% - dogs. The characteristics of the 5 leaders according to the "Top 101 manufacturers of pet food" according to the results of 2020-2021 are given. Mars, Nestle, Ralston Purina, H. J. Heinz, Hill's, etc. are the largest suppliers of compound feed for pets on the world and Ukrainian markets. Data on the dynamics of the global feed market and growth rates based on the results of 2020-2023 are presented. Experts predict that the growth of the compound feed market for pets is facilitated by the stable economic growth predicted in many developed and developing countries, by 2027 the volume will already reach $534.36 billion with an average annual growth of 7.6%. Among the domestic producers of pet food, the main producer is the company "Kormotekh", which produces both dry and wet compound feed for pets. The main advantages and disadvantages of wet compound feed for pets are given. Analyzed changes in the cost of the main fodder and additives for the production of compound feed for pets for the years 2020-2023, as well as the average prices for wet compound feed for pets depending on the class as of 2023, which are within the range of UAH 124...470/kg. The main factors affecting the formation of a solid base for the production of fodder for animals of domestic origin are highlighted. The trends were analyzed and the main directions of further development were determined. It was determined that the existence of many unanswered questions creates an objective necessity for the study of the domestic pet food market and the formation of demand for it. It has been established that the development of a proposal for the formation of a market portfolio of domestic producers of pet food will contribute not only to improving the level of competitiveness of existing enterprises in the industry, but also to the emergence of new domestic enterprises.

Bacterial indicators during storage of slaughter products of turkeys of the meat sector of productivity with the use of the prebiotic drug Aktigen

Poultry breeding is one of the economically profitable branches of Ukraine. Poultry meat is in the greatest demand on the market, because it is affordable and dietary, poultry is easy to grow both on the farm and at home. This is one of the types of branches in agriculture, which in a short period of time is able to provide the population with biologically complete and high-quality products. One of the main questions remains: how to produce high-quality products without the use of prohibited antibiotics, which provoked a number of problems in the already imperfect agriculture. The refore, scientists began to look for an alternative that would replace antibiotics, while at the same time increasing the quality of meat and the resistance of poultry to diseases, increasing the increase in live weight. Therefore, farms began to use biologically active additives (BVD), one of them is Aktigen. The purpose of our research was to determine the effect of the complex prebiotic drug Actigen on the level of bacterial indicators during storage of slaughter products of turkeys of the meat sector of productivity. The object of study was turkeys of the BIG-6 breed. The prebiotic Actigen was added to the basic ration (OR) of turkeys in the following doses: from the 1st to the 21st day: 0.4; 0.8 and 1 g/kg feed; from the 22nd to the 42nd day: 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 g/kg feed; from the 42nd to the 120th day: 0.2; 0.4 and 0.7 g/kg feed. Mixing of prebiotics with compound feed was carried out with a feed mixer at the farm for the production of compound feed. The bird had free access to feed and water during the entire fattening period. Research methods. Microscopic, microbiological (MAFAnM content, pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms; bacterioscopy of swabs-imprints from poultry meat by counting the number of microorganisms per 1 average field of vision according to (DSTU DSTU 8381:2015; DSTU 8381:2015; DSTU ISO 6888–2:2003; GOST 7702.2.7–95), DSTU ENISO 6579-1:2017. Variational and statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using computer software packages “Microsoft Exel”, “Maple-12” (Company Maplesoft, 2008) for variational and statistical processing of digital data. Reliability was determined according to the Student's criterion, taking into account the confidence limit: Р ≤ 0.05; Р ≤ 0.01, Р ≤ 0.001. It was established that when feeding the prebiotic Actigen in the following doses: from the 1st to the 21st day: 0.4; 0.8 and 1 g/kg feed; from the 22nd to the 42nd day: 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 g/kg feed; from the 42nd to the 120th day: 0.2; 0.4 and 0.7 g/kg of feed both in the pectoral muscles and in the femoral muscles of broiler turkeys of the control and experimental groups, MAFAnM indicators did not exceed the permissible level during the four-day storage period. During the storage period of thigh muscles, the indicator of total bacterial contamination gradually increased in all groups and on the fourth day reached the level in the experimental group – (1.73 ± 0.05)×103. The MAFAnM indicator of the thigh muscles of birds of the control group was (1.75 ± 0.11)×103 CFU. The insignificant difference between MAFAnM indicators of the control and experimental groups is not reliable. The level of opportunistic microorganisms, in particular, BGKP and Proteus in the muscles of the femoral group is not reliable between the indicators of the control and experimental groups, and does not exceed the permissible levels regulated by the regulatory documents of Ukraine. When examining the slaughter products of broiler turkeys for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, in particular the genus Salmonella, S. aureus, L. Monocytogenes, Pasteurella ceae, Pasteurella spp., Avibacterium paragalinarum, Bordetella spp., Moraxella spp, Trueperella pyogenes, Erysipelotrix spp., Listeria spp. ., Pseudomonasspp., Enterobacreria ceae, Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., yeast and mold were not detected in the muscles and edible offal of broiler turkeys in both control and experimental groups. The prebiotic Actigen used in the diet of broiler turkeys negatively affects the development of the above-mentioned microorganisms both during the life of broiler turkeys and under the conditions of storage of slaughter products during the specified periods. Slaughter products of broiler turkeys, which were fed with the prebiotic “Actigen” in the recommended doses according to indicators of bacterial insemination during the established storage period, can be sold without restrictions.

The Protective Effects of Astaxanthin (AST) in the Liver of Weaned Piglets.

During the weaning period, piglets are exposed to high levels of stress, which often causes problems with the digestive system. This stress also promotes the production of free radicals, resulting in oxidative stress. Astaxanthin (AST) stands out as one of the most potent antioxidants. Its resistance to light and heat makes it particularly valuable in compound feed production. This study was to determine the effect of AST impact on liver histology and gene expression in piglets. For our experiment, we used 16 weaned piglets of the PL breed, which we divided into two groups: Group I (control group with no AST supplementation) and Group II (supplemented with AST at 0.025 g/kg). Both feed mixtures were iso-proteins and iso-energetic, meeting the nutritional requirements of the piglets. The experiment lasted from day 35 to day 70 of the piglets' age, during which they had ad libitum access. The results indicate that the addition of AST prevents liver fibrosis due to reduced collagen deposition in the tissue. Analysis of gene expression supported these results. In the AST-supplemented group, we noted a decrease in NR1H3 expression, an increase in CYP7A1 expression, and reductions in the expression of NOTCH1 and CREB genes.

STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF PRODUCTION OF MIXED FEEDS FOR SWINE OF DIFFERENT AGES

The article discusses the types of pig feeding in Ukraine. The quality result of piglet fattening is 60...70% influenced by the feed itself, about 20% by animal genetics, 10% by veterinary care, and about 10% by housing conditions. The number of pigs was analyzed. In Ukraine, according to the State Statistics Service, as of January 1, 2023, the pig population was 4.95 million heads. The world pig population in 2021 was approximately 1.02 billion heads, the largest pig population in China - more than 400 million heads. The total pig population in the EU in 2022 was 237 million heads. The production of compound feed for pigs in Ukraine is analyzed. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the production of compound feed for pigs in 2021 amounted to 1.2 million tons. China, the USA, Brazil, Spain and Mexico are among the countries that produce compound fodder for pigs in the world. The consumption of feed and water by pigs depending on the daily gain was considered, as well as the scheme of feeding piglets with full-rational compound feed per day. It is necessary to observe the daily rate of consumption of nutrients and biologically active substances depending on the age of young pigs. The modern organization of pig fattening, which involves one-, two- or three-phase feeding systems, is considered. The need for the production of compound feeds for pigs that meet feeding standards and restrictions on the introduction of components is substantiated. Types of compound feed and their advantages are presented. Such technological methods of production of compound fodder for pigs as granulation, extrusion, expansion were analyzed. Due to the high temperature and pressure, the nutritional value of compound feed improves. When feeding mixed fodder by the wet-heat treatment method, minimal mechanical losses occur, feed costs are reduced by 7...8%, and the growth energy of young animals increases by 6...12%. When fed with balanced feed, the productivity of animals increases by 12...15%, and when enriched with microelements and other substances, by 25...30% in relation to feeding with certain types of grain.

Introduction of a new technology for the production of compound feed with the inclusion of feed polysaccharide extract

Introduction of a new technology for the production of compound feed with the inclusion of feed polysaccharide extract