Gaseous Combustion Products Research Articles

Reduction of the risk of selecting the emergency ventilation mode through local control of ventilation flows

The implementation of measures regarding the organization of emergency ventilation of mine is connected with various types of risks, as in other cases of the operation of high-risk enterprises. In particular, this applies to the emergency risk that arises when there is a need for the emergency evacuation of people from the mine workings, gassed with fire products (that is, the risk of their poisoning or damage due to the thermal factor) and the emergency risk that is provoked by the wrong choice and implementation of the emergency ventilation mode. Both types of risks require to reduce the use of means of ventilation - main and local ventilation fans. Provision should also be made for the use of various passive control devices. The main result of the methodological approach used today is the selection of the emergency ventilation mode, which maximally limits the gassing zone of the mine ventilation network with gaseous combustion products. At the same time, the criterion for the effectiveness of the emergency evacuation of miners should be the maximum use of non-gasified workings, which achieves the goal of managing ventilation in the event of accidents. The proposed control function, which characterizes the degree of risk of distribution of fire gases in mine workings, is the root mean square deviation of the concentration of fire gases in the controlled branches of the network from the required level of stabilization. For two control devices and two controlled areas, it is part of a three-dimensional cone, and the control region is bounded by two hyperbolas. The problem formulation looks similar when the size of the base of the regulating devices is increased . A limitation on the task is formulated, and a conclusion is made regarding the possibility of applying analog methods of dynamic programming for its solution. As such, the multi-step optimization method, the one-step optimization method, and the extreme coordinate optimization method (the last one is the most effective) are considered. The greatest efficiency of their use will be achieved with the introduction of an automated ventilation control system, which provides feedback from the means of regulation and regulatory devices. Keywords: emergency risk, aerological risk, management functionality, regulatory devices, exogenous fire.

Analysis of parameters influencing the pressure and temperature distribution in the gun bore evacuator

The purpose of a gun bore evacuator on the turret-mounted gun barrel is to prevent the entry of the gaseous products of gun propellant combustion into the turret compartment of the vehicle after the breech block opening. The mathematical model which takes into account all of the main parameters influencing the pressure change inside the cylinder of the evacuator was developed. Differential equations that describe the flow field through the nozzle in the barrel wall and in the cylinder of the evacuator were solved numerically. Furthermore, the numerical simulations were performed using the ANSYS FLUENT in order to analyze the phenomena occuring in the evacuator during the charge and discharge cycles which are difficult to be taken into account with the analytical model. Aforementioned simulations were performed with the 3-D model of the evacuator and with the initial and boundary conditions obtained from the interior ballistic calculations. In order to find the change of the static pressure in the cylinder of the gun bore evacuator, the experimental research was performed. The comprehensive comparison between the numerical results and the experimental data has shown good agreement. Based upon this analysis, the influence of the evacuator?s main design parameters on the pressure distribution and the temperatures in the critical zones was determined. The influence of the propellant?s initial temperature on the pressure and wall temperatures in the evacuator was also analyzed, due to the wide range of gun operating temperatures and the possibility of erosion occurrence.

Viable production of hydrogen and methane from polluted water using eco-friendly plasmonic Pd-TiO2 nanocomposites.

Solar-to-fuel conversion is a novel clean energy approach that has gained the interest of many researchers. Solar-driven photocatalysts have become essential to providing valuable fuel gases such as methane and hydrogen. Solar energy has emerged as a renewable, abundant energy source that can efficiently drive photochemical reactions through plasmonic photocatalysis. As a capping agent, orange peel extract was used in this study in a microwave-assisted green method to incorporate titanium dioxide with distinct amounts (3, 5, and 7 wt%) from Pd-plasmonic nanoparticles (2-5 nm). The leading role for plasmonic nanoparticles made from Pd-metal is enhancing the photocatalyst's ability to capture visible light, improving its performance. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and UV-vis DRS analyses have investigated the obtained plasmonic photocatalysts' crystallographic, morphological, and optical characteristics. The UV-vis absorption spectra demonstrated the visible light absorption capacity attributed to the localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) behavior of the newly formed nanoplasmonic photocatalysts. The generated Pd-TiO2 nanomaterials' photocatalytic activity has been examined and evaluated for combustible gas production, including the formation of CH4 and H2 from the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Yellow 15 (RY) during a deoxygenated photoreaction in a homemade solar photobiogas reactor.

Combustion characteristics of three linear monohydric alcohols CH3(CH2)n-1OH (n = 16, 18, 22): Combined ignition experiments and molecular dynamics simulations

Higher fatty alcohols play a vital position in modern industry, while the dust explosion hazard cannot be ignored. Three kinds of linear monohydric alcohols CH3(CH2)n-1OH (n = 16, 18, 22) were selected to explore the combustion characteristics through ignition tests and molecular dynamics simulations. The experiment consequences indicated that the flame propagation height of alcohols dust gradually aggrandized as the enlargement of dust concentration of 30–750 g/m3 and the flame propagation velocity presented two peaks. CH3(CH2)15OH had the highest flame propagation height and velocity, followed by CH3(CH2)17OH and CH3(CH2)21OH. The first flame propagation velocities of CH3(CH2)15OH, CH3(CH2)17OH, and CH3(CH2)21OH reached the maximum value at 500 g/m3, which were 16.47, 13.25, and 12.53 m/s, respectively. The second peak reached the maximum value at 750 g/m3, which were 20.07, 19.05, and 18.23 m/s, respectively. The combustion reactions of alcohols revealed that the decomposition of molecules was first due to the breakage of the CC bond, and the main products were mainly C2H4, H2O, CH2O, CO, and CO2. The production and consumption reaction processes of C2H4, CH2O, and other combustible gas products reasonably explained the flame continuous process and the variation of flame propagation. The TG test results indicated that the volatility and thermal conductivity of CH3(CH2)15OH, CH3(CH2)17OH, and CH3(CH2)21OH decreased sequentially, which confirmed the flame propagation and molecular dynamics combustion reactions of the three alcohols. The volatility of alcohols was the key factor determining the difference in the flame propagation behavior of alcohols dust.

Thermodynamic Simulation of Producer Gas Combustion from Biomass Gasification

The use of new and renewable energy for the application on gas burners is beneficial for the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of excess air during the combustion of producer gas from biomass gasification to release heat used as a fuel gas burner. Simulations are carried out by applying mass and energy balance, showing that an increase in excess air will decrease the non-adiabatic and adiabatic flame temperature. The result showed that an increase in excess of air reduces the amount of heat released to the environment for the same flame temperature. The maximum adiabatic flame temperature is at 1725.430C, while the non-adiabatic ranges from 600 to 8000C. Furthermore, heat is released in the range of 20.1 kW to 28.8 kW, and excess air from 0 to 40%.

Health risks from indoor gas appliances.

Cooking and heating with gas is common in Australian homes and is a risk factor for several important health problems; however, there is little awareness of these risks among doctors or the public. Gas stove use is estimated to cause 12% of childhood asthma in Australia. The aim of this article is to help generalpractitioners identify when gas combustion products such as nitrogen dioxide might be contributing to asthma in children and adults and to alert them to the risks of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, which can be hard to diagnose. There are excellent alternatives to the use of gas in domestic appliances and some simple behavioural changes that can reduce exposure in situations where appliances cannot yet be removed. CO poisoning can be insidious. Mild exposure can cause headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, malaise and confusion, so it can be mistaken for common conditions such as influenza or gastroenteritis. The COMA mnemonic is clinically useful. Increased awareness of these issues can provide patients with safer and healthier living environments.

Особенности оценки пожарной опасности и выбора теплоизоляционных материалов для трубопроводов и оборудования в зданиях и сооружениях

Thermal insulation of pipelines, in addition to energy-saving functions, must ensure the operational reliability and safety of the functioning of heating systems, water supply, heating networks, technological systems and air conditioning in industrial, public, and residential buildings and structures. Use of fire-hazardous thermal insulation of the pipelines and equipment during an ignition creates conditions for the development of a fire, the manifestation of its hazardous factors, which can lead to material damage and death of people. Analysis of the normative documents regulating the installation and operation of thermal insulation for pipes and equipment showed that the fire safety requirements are established only with respect to the combustibility group of thermal insulation materials. At the same time, their ability to spread flame over the surface, smoke formation and the release of gaseous toxic combustion products are not considered. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the complex of fire hazard characteristics of pipe insulation materials, and the study of methodological features of assessing their combustibility group according to GOST 30244 (method 2). The expediency is identified concerning the formulation of the principles of fire-fighting rationing of the pipelines and equipment for industrial, production, residential and public buildings (premises) and structures. These criteria set limits on combustibility, flammability, flame spread, smoke generation and the release of toxic combustion products. It is determined that the selection and justification of fire hazard indicators can be performed for thermal insulation of pipes and equipment with various functional purposes, applications, and technological features.

Combustion mechanism and ash-to-gas products of star anise residues: Atmosphere and temperature dependencies and joint optimization

The efficient energy utilization of biomass is still being explored to lessen the heavy dependence on fossil fuels. This study aimed at characterizing the combustion behaviors, performances, ash-to-gas products, reaction mechanisms, and joint optimization of star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f. (SA)) residues in response to temperature, heating rate, and atmosphere type (N2/O2 versus CO2/O2). The main combustion stage of SA was between 150 and 580 °C. The combustion performance indices were higher in N2/O2 than CO2/O2. The estimated activation energy varied between 168.26 and 241.77 kJ/mol. F1, F1.5, A1.5, and A2 well described the most likely reaction mechanisms. The energetically and environmentally multiple objectives were simultaneously optimized using artificial neural networks with the operational inputs of temperature and atmosphere type. The relative importance of the atmosphere type to the gaseous products were thus: aromatics < CO < CO < CO < CO2 < H2O < CH4. The combustion gaseous products were the same in both atmospheres. The SA ash was of K type with a high deposition risk in both atmospheres. Changing N2 to CO2 reduced the tendency of ash scaling and slagging.

Esterificación de ácido oleico para obtener biodiesel y utilizarlo como combustible en un motor a diésel para determinar su impacto

In this study, experimentally obtained biodiesel was analyzed as an alternative source of energy from oleic acid, using pure methanol and a solid acid catalyst in an autogenous reactor, the main product obtained was biodiesel, achieving a yield of 96.72 percent and thus demonstrating a greater conversion of free fatty acids (FFA) to methyl esters, allowing them to be studied in a diesel engine. Sulfonation of vulcanized rubber carbon produced the solid acid catalyst. Three control variables were used in the engine for the realization and analysis of the biodiesel obtained vs. commercial diesel in the internal combustion engine. Pure commercial diesel (PDI), biodiesel-diesel blend (50/50), and pure biodiesel (MES). The combustion tests show that there is no significant variation in the characteristics and performance of said tests; however, in the gaseous combustion products, significant reductions in carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon, and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions were achieved. The greenhouse effect. nitrogen oxide when using the (PDI) versus the (MES). When MES and PBM were tested in a laboratory engine, the amount of NOx, CO, HC, and smoke emissions were reduced.

IMPROVMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE TWO-STROKE DIESEL DURING OPERATION

The development of world shipping is taking place in the context of ever-increasing requirements to reduce the concentrations of toxic components of gaseous combustion products of hydrocarbon fuels. Concentration limits for these substances are regulated in accordance with Appendix VI of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention. Among the controlled components of diesel exhaust gases, nitrogen oxides are the most dangerous for humans and environment. However, a decrease in the content of nitrogen oxides is inevitably associated with limitations on the maximum cycle temperature, that is, thermal efficiency, and hence with a deterioration in the fuel efficiency of the engine. At the moment, in order to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides by large transport diesel engines, the most widely used is the recirculation of exhaust gases into the air receiver. A significant disadvantage of using this scheme is the need for cooling the exhaust gases and their additional purification, which leads to an increase in the weight and size characteristics of the system and to its rise in price. Therefore, to reduce its cost, it seems logical to combine exhaust gas recirculation with other ways to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. For engines in operation, one of these methods is to change the angle of fuel injection. It can be assumed that the later the fuel is injected into the cylinder, the lower the temperature of the air charge will be and, accordingly, the lower the maximum combustion temperature, and hence the amount of nitrogen oxides. The calculation of nitrogen oxide emissions was simulated for the main engine MAN-B&amp;W 7S50MC-C installed on the vessel "LILA SHANGHAI". Initially, the model created using the AVL-BOOST package was verified based on the available indexing results. After verification, the calculation of emissions of nitrogen oxides NOx was made with a variation in the angle of the start of fuel combustion at the nominal mode. The composition of the gases in the receiver was taken unchanged. As the fuel combustion start angle shifted further from the TDC, deterioration in fuel efficiency and a drop in cylinder power were observed, while reducing the mass of emitted nitrogen oxides NOx. However, it can be said that the environmental friendliness of an engine improves much faster than its fuel and power characteristics deteriorate. The above calculations show that for engines already in operation, changing the fuel injection angle makes it possible to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. Therefore, this approach can be combined without much difficulty with other methods, thus reducing the cost of environmental improvement of the engine.

ANALYSIS OF FORMATION THE GREENHOUSE EFFLUENTS TO ATMOSPHERE AND NITROGEN OXIDES PRODUCTION BY COMBUSTION THE METHANE-HYDROGEN MIXTURES

Within the framework of decarbonization of environment, the processes of the greenhouse gases formation in atmosphere by combustion the gas fuels (generally) and the natural gas substitution (particularly) the conditions of reducing the CO2 emission by methane-hydrogen mixtures burning are considered. The data on nitrogen oxides’ effluents are generalized in the work as well.&#x0D; An important role of non-isothermal state and of radiation selectivity of three-atomic gases CO2 and H2O for the resulting heat exchange and by evaluation the corresponding heat fluxes has been stated. The data are discussed basing upon the calculations’ results of the radiative heat transfer within the layer of combustion products (CP) of natural gas for the case of non-isothermal emitting layer at partial pressures pH2O : pCO2 = 2 : 1.&#x0D; The conclusion has been accepted on limitations regarding the opportunities to reduce the CO2 emission for the case of premixed methane-hydrogen mixtures burning while fuel combustion with an air-oxidant is proceeded. The evaluation under consideration has been proven taking into account only the cases of minor shares of [H2] ≤ 20–30 % (vol.) in fuel used by proper conditions for the domestic gas devices. The expected reduction of [CO2] mass emission fraction under combustion is reduced only by 10 % compared with the natural gas (methane) burning.&#x0D; It has been found for the first time that in case of the fuels, not containing the nitrogen, the equilibrium concentrations of two main nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 have practically the same (invariable) NOx values (by each of oxides), independently on fuel composition: methane and higher hydrocarbons, methane-hydrogen gas mixtures at any fixed given temperature (T = idem) and definite air-oxidant’s excess factor (λ = idem).&#x0D; This supposition has been numerically grounded and analyzed for the conditions of combustion the mentioned gas fuels under both the cases: of dry or wet air-oxidant. Bibl. 26, Fig. 4, Tab. 3.

Synthesis and properties of a new halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resin flame retardant

PurposeThis paper aims to study a new halogen-free fame-retardant curing agent 1-aminoethylidenediphosphonate (AAEDP).Design/methodology/approachThe AAEDP was synthesized by phosphoric acid, acetonitrile and ammonia. The chemical structures of AAEDP were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) would study the thermal properties and the char residues of AAEDP/EP. The thermal stability, mechanical and flame properties and morphology for the char layer of composite materials were separately investigated using TGA, tensile and charpy impact tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 HB flammability standard (UL-94) and SEM.FindingsThe results showed that the AAEDP had been prepared successfully. When the intumescent flame retardant was added into the EP, the LOI of composite material was improved.Research limitations/implicationsThe AAEDP can be prepared successfully and can improve the flame resistance of composite material.Practical implicationsThe AAEDP has excellent flame-retardant properties and produce no toxic fumes when burnt in case of fire.Originality/valueThe results showed that the phosphorus content of AAEDP was 2.958 Wt.%; the impact and tensile strength of the composite material were 6.417 kJ m−2 and 38.0 MPa, respectively; and the LOI and UL-94 were 29.7% and V-0 ranking, respectively. The TGA results indicated that the carbon residue ratio can be increased by 1000°C in air. The denser and more uniform structure of residual carbon prevents heat transfer and diffusion, restricts the production of combustible gas and reduces the rate of heat release.

Impregnation of different coals and biomass with rapeseed oil for intensifying their ignition in a heated air stream during oil-free boiler start-up

Studies were conducted to develop the scientific basis for the use of low-grade solid hydrocarbons and biomass as starting fuel and an energy additive to the main fuel for coal-fired boilers. Char, softwood sawdust, brown and bituminous coals with a particle size of 140–250 μm were used in an air-dry state and after impregnation with rapeseed oil. Analytical studies included surface texture analysis of solid fuel particles, determination of their wetting properties with respect to water and rapeseed oil, thermogravimetric and calorimetric analyses, FTIR analysis of gaseous combustion products, analysis of the elemental composition and texture of the ash surface. Fuel combustion characteristics were studied in conditions of fine fuel particles movement in a heated air stream: 5 m/s, 500–800 °C. Impregnation of solid fuels with oil led to the moisture displacement from the pores of fine particles (oil content in various solid fuels 5.6–22.4%). It increased the combustion completeness of fine particles in a shorter period of time (the ignition delay time reduced by 15–30%) and the thermal effect of the exothermic reaction (by 2.2–18.1%). Oil vapors first ignited in the vicinity of the particle, thereby intensifying the combustion of solid component in fossil fuels.

Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam &amp; Board) and Added Flame Retardant

Polyurethane material is used as an interior finish and wall cavity insulation. Flame-retardant products may be used for ignition, flame diffusion, and heat-release blocking. A large-scale test was conducted to understand the flame propagation characteristics of polyurethane with the addition of a flame retardant. The fire propagation properties and fire risks of four commonly used polyurethane materials were examined using three tests. Specifically, ignition properties, flame propagation behavior, and flashover occurrence were probed using full-scale tests, while heat release and fire characteristics were examined using cone calorimeter tests, and the toxicity of gaseous combustion products was assessed using gas toxicity tests. PIR F and PIR B, which contained flame retardants, featured slow flame propagation and a long-lasting residual flame, and PIR F released HCl and Br2 on combustion. Full-scale tests revealed that although external flame propagation was always accompanied by flashover, irrespective of whether the flame retardant was present, a delay or blockage of energy transfer to the inside was observed for flame-retardant-containing specimens. Apart from checking the safety at the material level, the importance of identifying the actual fire characteristics through a full-scale test was confirmed.

Management of waste printed circuit boards via supercritical water technology

In this study, the application of the supercritical water technology on the management of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) obtained from small information technology (IT) and communication equipment was conducted. Initially, an extensive recycling-oriented characterization of waste printed circuit boards was conducted through a combination of several physicochemical analyzes such as MP-AES, XRF, TG/DTA, CHNS elemental analysis, SEM and XRD. Afterwards, at supercritical conditions of water (Tc > 374.29 °C and Pc > 22.089 MPa), the optimal conditions for the degradation of the organic polymers present in the waste PCBs were defined by a response surface methodology. A complete organic degradation rate (ODR) was achieved at 600 °C, reaction time of 60 min, waste PCBs load of 15 g and flow-rate of 5 mL min−1. After the removal of the organic polymers, the metals were liberated, and the metal recovery efficiency (MRE) reached values higher than 90% at all evaluated conditions. Then, initial insights on the subsequent treatment of the liquid decomposition by-products generated during the supercritical water (ScW) processing of waste PCBs were provided. A total organic carbon reduction of 99.88% was achieved via the ScW oxidation process using the same experimental apparatus. The treated solution was successfully re-used in the ScW processing of waste PCBs instead of clean water. Moreover, hydrogen, methane, CO2, and CO were identified as the major gaseous products associated to the supercritical water treatment of waste PCBs. Finally, a novel strategy to enhance the production of combustible gases, through the addition of ethanol and glycerol, and increase the economic feasibility of the supercritical water processing of waste PCBs was proposed.

АБСОРБЦИОННАЯ ОЧИСТКА ГАЗОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ КОТЕЛЬНЫХ ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ АНТРОПОГЕННОЙ НАГРУЗКИ НА АТМОСФЕРУ

Reducing the impact of emissions of pollutants, including carbon dioxide, formed during the combustion of fossil fuels, can be carried out with the use of technologies of capture, disposal and burial. The absorption of CO2 after combustion is mainly used in operating boiler units – sources of emissions, where various solvent -absorbers are used for the chemisorption of carbon dioxide. The urgency of solving the problem of carbon dioxide capture from natural gas combustion products of industrial boilers is shown. A method of carbon dioxide capture by chemical absorption using solutions of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is proposed on the example of a production boiler house of JSC Altayvagon. Flue gases containing CO2 are supplied to the carbon dioxide workshop of the enterprise for cleaning, followed by the utilization of carbon dioxide, which is used at Altaivagon JSC for welding operations. The proposed chemosorbent MDEA of domestic production in comparison with the imported analogue currently used at the enterprise has certain advantages, which will reduce the circulation of the absorbent solution, use the chemosorbent more fully, reduce energy consumption; due to the low corrosion activity of the absorbent used and the absence of tar formation, the costs of maintenance and repair of equipment will decrease. Due to the use of domestic MDEA instead of imported analogues, as well as due to a longer service life of the absorbent without reducing its characteristics and adding fresh absorbent during operation, significant savings on the purchase of the absorbent will occur. Capturing emissions of pollutants from flue gases will solve the issues of both resource conservation and reduction of anthropogenic load on the environment. In addition, carbon dioxide capture will contribute to achieving carbon neutrality of the enterprise.

Thermal and aerodynamic parameters radiation chambers of the hydrocarbon pyrolysis furnace

THE PURPOSE. To carry out mathematical modeling of interrelated physicochemical processes in radiation chambers of tubular furnaces of pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. Perform numerical calculations of heat and mass transfer in the furnace furnace chamber with a multi-tiered arrangement of wall burners on the side lined walls.METHODS. Using our own package of applied programs based on the numerical solution of a system of differential equations of energy conservation and equations of radiation gas dynamics, the fields of velocities and temperatures of natural gas combustion products in the radiation chamber of a hydrocarbon pyrolysis tubular furnace are calculated. Interrelated processes of natural gas combustion, radiant-convective heat transfer, and turbulent flow of flue gases take place in the radiation chamber. These processes are modeled by two-dimensional equations of the combustion model, energy transfer by radiation, and equations of motion. In the side walls of the radiation chamber on both sides in eight horizontal tiers there are wall burners in the amount of 128 pieces. Combustion products emerging from the nozzles of these burners create complex velocity and temperature fields in the chamber volume. Due to the radiation of flue gases, the smallest soot particles and hot lined walls of the radiation chamber, heat flows are formed to the tubular screen, where hydrocarbons are pyrolyzed to produce ethylene.RESULTS. As a result of calculations, the velocity fields, the temperature in the volume of the radiation chamber and the concentration of the main components of the combustion products were obtained. Local values of surface densities of radiant heat fluxes to reaction pipes for methane and propane pyrolysis furnaces are calculated. Comparisons of some of the results obtained with the readings of the devices of existing technological installations are carried out.CONCLUSION. Calculations show that the developed software package makes it possible to obtain realistic values of local velocities and temperatures in the radiation chambers of tube furnaces, surface densities of convective and radiant heat fluxes to boundary surfaces, and other thermal and gas-dynamic parameters in the furnace volume. With a multi-row arrangement of a large number of wall burners of low thermal power, a complex field of temperature and velocities of combustion products in the furnace volume is formed on the side walls of the radiation chamber of the furnace. At the same time, this arrangement of the burners ensures a fairly uniform distribution of heat flows over the surface of the tubular screen of the hydrocarbon pyrolysis furnace.

Inhibition of Enzymatic Activity of Ordinary Chernozem by Gaseous Products of Plant Matter Combustion

Inhibition of Enzymatic Activity of Ordinary Chernozem by Gaseous Products of Plant Matter Combustion

Novel method for flue gas flow of gas turbines in offshore oil production facilities

The flue gas flow in gas turbines is an important parameter for determining the accurate capacity of waste heat boilers for recovering the waste heat released by the flue gas of gas turbines in offshore oil production facilities. The theory of flue gas composition ratio pertaining to boiler combustion is applied to calculate the flue gas flow in gas turbines. The given gas fuel composition, fuel characteristic coefficient and tested dry combustion products of gas fuel are used to calculate the excess air factor α using the theory of flue gas composition ratio; thus, the flue gas flow of gas turbines can be obtained. The results show that the value of α of a gas turbine ranges from 7 to 3 with different loads and is significantly greater than the α value of boilers, which is obtained during the burning of gas fuel; moreover, the calculation mode of O d 2 while considering β coincides more with the actual operation data of gas turbines. This mode is useful for the engineering application of recovering the waste heat released by the flue gas of gas turbines and provides an important guidance to improve the waste heat recovery process in gas turbines.

Investigation on the Performance of a solar chimney-flare gas hybrid system

Investigations carried out by various researchers on Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP) have proven its potential capability to generate large quantities of electrical energy, and now it seems this area of research has entered a new phase of the Hybrid SCPP. By combining the SCPP with other systems, researchers intend to eliminate its weaknesses and provide supplementary strengths for the conventional SCPP. In this paper, authors attempt to model a combination of SCPP and flare gas combustion products numerically, first to find a better application to diminish the tremendous amount of energy lost in gas flaring processes, second to improve the performance of SCPP Therefore, a three-dimensional model of the SCPP in Manzanares, Spain, was developed. Once grid independence evaluation and model validation had been completed, the combustion products of the flare gas were injected into the SCPP. Finally, the effects of hot gas injection on output power enhancement, the geometric optimization of the SCPP, and the contributions of solar radiation and hot gas to power generation were analyzed.The outcomes of this research determined that this combination can efficiently improve the power generation of the hybrid solar chimney power plant from 50 kW to 788 kW, shortening the chimney height of the plant by half, while not only does it avoid declining power generation, but also enhances it by four times, from 50 kW to 215 kW. Furthermore, it was found that the optimal gas injection location was under the collector near the inlet.