Production Of Cayenne Pepper Research Articles

APLIKASI DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) LIMBAH KULIT BAWANG MERAH DAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of onion peel POC and planting media composition on the growth and production of cayenne pepper. This study was conducted at the Greenhouse Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Muslim University of Indonesia from June to September 2022. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) two-factor factorial pattern. The first factor is the POC dose of shallot skin which consists of 4 levels, namely control, 200 ml/L, 250 ml/L 300 ml/L and the second factor is the composition of the growing media which consists of 4 levels, namely control, soil: compos: roasted husk = 1:1:1, soil: compost: burnt husk = 1:2:1, soil: compost: burnt husk = 2:1:2. So that 16 combinations were obtained, each combination was repeated 3 times so that 48 experimental units were obtained. The parameters of this study consisted of plant height, flowering start time, number of branches, fruit weight, and production per hectare. The results of the LOF administration of onion skin did not affect all the observation parameters. Planting media material showed that the application of soil:compost: roasted husk=2:1:2 had a very significant effect on plant height and had a significant effect on flowering age, planting fruit weight, and production tons/day. The interaction of onion peel LOF and the composition of the growing media did not give the best effect on all observation parameters.

Effects of Mycorrhizal on The Growth and Yield of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Innovations are required to increase the production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L), mainly due to the need for more quality land, such as dry land in Wamena. The innovation uses biological microorganisms that positively impact plants, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Therefore, this experiment aimed to determine the response of the growth and yield of cayenne pepper plants cultivated in dry land to the application of mycorrhiza. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with one factor: the mycorrhizae dose (0, 20, 50, 80, and 120 g). The research results were analyzed using ANOVA, and the analysis process continued with the 5% level DMRT test. The research results on the growth of cayenne pepper are visible in the plant height parameters of the 80 g treatment (75 DAP: 93.4 cm) and the 120 g treatment (95 DAP: 103.3 cm). Then, the stem diameter parameter showed a real influence by the 120 g mycorrhiza treatment at 35 and 75 DAP and the 80 g mycorrhiza treatment at 95 DAP. The excellent response of plants to the 80 g and 120 g mycorrhiza treatments also impacted the plant's total chlorophyll content and the number of leaves produced, which then impacted the number of productive branches. So, the effect on the yield of cayenne pepper plants is that the number of fruits treated with 80 g of mycorrhiza was 89.7 fruits, with the weight of the heaviest cayenne pepper fruit being 68.0 g by the treatment of 120 g of mycorrhiza with a fresh weight of 17.6 g and a total dry plant of 10.2 g compared to the control. Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Biofertilizers, fungi, marginal land, Wamena

Impact of climate change on cayenne pepper availability in Sleman District, Yogyakarta with dynamic system modelling

The availability of cayenne pepper in Sleman District is influenced by cayenne pepper production factors and demand of consumers. Climate change greatly affects the demand and supply of cayenne pepper. The value of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) in the dynamic system model is 5.18%. The simulation of Cayenne Pepper availability scenarios in the Sleman District that was made scenarios by rule of the Government to increase of planting area by 20 ha per year. The other scenarios were changing a temperature increase 1 degree Celsius and increase of 2 degrees Celsius. The result of the research showed that first scenario made the supply of cayenne pepper decrease 15 %/year. The second scenario made the supply of cayenne pepper will be decrease up to 30 %/year in 2024-2030. It means that the temperature change can influence significantly with the supply of cayenne pepper in Sleman District. Moreover, the supply has not been fulfil to the very high demand by consumers of households, Industries and Horeca (Hotel, restaurant and catering) in this district.

Analysis Production of Cayenne Pepper Farming in Brondong District Lamongan Regency East Java Indonesia

This research has several objectives, about cayenne pepper farmers characteristic and the main aim of which is to determine the influence of land area, seed costs, fertilizer costs, agricultural chemicals costs, labor costs, farming experience and climate on the amount of cayenne pepper production. The research results show that the land area (X1), seed cost (X2), fertilizer costs (X3) and agricultural chemicals costs (X4) has a significant effect on cayenne pepper production, while labor costs (X5) did not have a significant effect on cayenne pepper production, the role of climate was analyzed using a questionnaire showing that respondents agreed that climate had an effect on cayenne pepper production.

Comparative Risk and Income Analysis of Cultivation of Cayenne Pepper and Large Chilli in East Lombok District

This study aims to analyse the production, income differences and farming risks of cayenne pepper and large chilli in East Lombok Regency. The research used descriptive quantitative methods and data collection using survey techniques. The research location was determined by multistage purposive sampling based on the altitude of the place and the highest production of cayenne pepper and large chilli. Respondent farmers were determined as many as 60 people selected by quota sampling. Selection of respondents using random sampling method. Production and farm income were analysed descriptively quantitatively. Risk measurement uses variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Differences in income and risk of cayenne pepper and large chilli farming were analysed statistically with the Z test. The average production of cayenne pepper in East Lombok Regency was found to be 3,962 kg/ha and 6,044 kg/ha respectively in the rainy season and dry season. While the average production of large chilli in the rainy season and dry season was 3,297 kg/ha and 4,546 kg/ha. The average income of cayenne pepper farming is in the rainy season of Rp. 106 million/ha and the dry season of Rp. 11 million/ha is high and significantly different compared to the income of large chilli farming in the rainy season of Rp. 30 million/ha and the dry season of Rp. 15 million/ha. Production risk in cayenne pepper and large chilli farms is in the low category with a coefficient of variation (CVq) smaller than 0.50; however, the risk of cayenne pepper production is lower (CVq =0.33) than the risk of large chilli production and significantly different from the risk of large chilli production (CVq=0.40). While at price risk, cayenne pepper farming is at high risk (CVp = 0.54), while in large chillies the risk is lower (CVp = 0.39) and significantly different. The benefits of the research are (1) Farmers, as a material consideration in dealing with the risks in the cayenne pepper and large chilli farms carried out. (2) Government and related agencies, as information material for policy making related to risk issues in cayenne pepper and large chilli farms. (3) Other researchers, as a material consideration and information for similar research.

Response of Cayenne Pepper Plants (Capsicum frutescens L.) to Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Coconut Water Waste (Cocos nucifera L.) and Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) on Peat Soil

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the horticultural commodities that has high economic value and market demand. Cayenne pepper production in West Kalimantan is low due to soil conditions dominated by peatlands with high acidity and low soil fertility. Resetting soil fertility can be done using liquid organic fertilizers (LOF) such as coconut water waste and pineapple peel. Both types of LOF have nutrient values that are sufficiently beneficial for plants. This study aims to determine the response of cayenne pepper plants to applying both types of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) alone and the effect of the combination of liquid organic fertilizer of coconut water waste and pineapple peel. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors, namely coconut water waste and pineapple peel waste liquid organic fertilizer. Each factor consists of 4 treatment levels and is repeated 4 times, namely A (coconut water POC) A0 = 0 ml (control); A1 = 150 ml; A2 = 250 ml; A3 = 350 ml; B (pineapple peel POC) B0 = 0 ml (control); B1 = 50 ml; B2 = 100 ml; B3 = 150 ml. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and continued with the Tukey test at the 5% test level. The results showed that the treatment of 350 mL coconut water POC / 150 mL pineapple peel POC in combination gave a significantly different effect on height, number of branches, flowering time, number of flowers, number of fruits, wet weight and dry weight of plants.

Efficiency of Production Factors in The Farming of Bird’s Eye Chili in Lamoahi Village, North Buton Regency

Chili is a commodity that often triggers inflation at certain times or periods due to sudden price increases. The reason is that the availability of chilies is not sufficient for market demand due to production inefficiencies. This research aims to determine the factors that influence cayenne pepper production and determine the efficiency of using production factors using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results of the research show that seeds and labour have a significant effect on increasing cayenne pepper farming, while land area, fertilizers, and pesticides do not have a significant effect on production. The use of production factors has not yet reached the maximum level of efficiency. Production factors that are not yet efficient are land area and labour so their utilization needs to be increased. Meanwhile, inefficient production factors are seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides so their use does not need to be increased or reduced.

ANALISIS FAKTOR DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA WANITA TANI TERHADAP USAHATANI CABAI RAWIT DI PAOK PAMPANG, LOMBOK TIMUR

Cayenne pepper plants are very suitable in areas that have high soil fertility, one of which is in the Rinjani Geopark Area. East Lombok Regency is one of the cayenne pepper commodity producing areas in NTB Province. Cayenne pepper farming is one of the livelihoods of the local population, especially the farm women's labor, the productivity of farm women's labor can be a source of competitive advantage of cayenne pepper farming, the higher the productivity of farm women's labor, the higher the production of cayenne pepper in East Lombok Regency so that the importance of measuring the increase in productivity of farm women's labor based on the variables obtained will be measured which variables have the most significant influence and will be seen the correlation value to the productivity of farm women's labor. Respondents used in this study were female workers who worked on chili farms in Paok Pampang village. Data collection using survey techniques by conducting interviews using questionnaires to 35 respondents. Then to analyze the factors that affect the productivity of women's labor on the cayenne pepper farm in Paok Pampang village, Sukamulia sub-district, East Lombok with reference to the variables that affect the labor time of women farmers.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI CABAI RAWIT (CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS) PADA SISTEM IRIGASI TETES TERHADAP APLIKASI PAKLOBUTRAZOL DAN PUPUK SILIKA DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA

This research aims to determine the effect of the combination of silica and paklobutrazaol on increasing cayenne pepper production. The research was conducted in North Lombok at an altitude of 300 m above sea level with dry, sandy soil conditions. The research was carried out for 7 months, from May to October 2023. The materials used were free-pollen cayenne pepper of the CBR 25 variety, liquid silica, and paclobutrazole. The research design used was a factorial randomized block design (RAK). The first factor is paclobutrazol, which consists of 3 levels of treatment: without paklobutrazol, paclobutrazol 250 ppm, and paclobutrazol 500 ppm. The second factor is silica with two levels, namely without silica and 2 ml/L silica. The results showed that silica application resulted in growth that was not significantly different in plant height, diameter, and canopy width but significantly different in the percentage of flower fall and fruit set per plant. Plants applied with silica gave a smaller percentage of flower fall than without silica at 12.17%, and fruit weight per plant was heavier at 182.75 gr/plant. Giving paclobutrazol to plants gave significantly different results in plant height, stem diameter, crown width, number of flowers, percentage of flower drop, number of fruit, and fruit weight per plant. From the results, it can be seen that the treatment with 500 ppm paclobutrazol gave the highest number of flowers, number of fruits, and fruit weight compared to other treatments. The interaction between silica and paclobutrazol gave results that were not significantly different except for plant height.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Cabai Rawit di Kecamatan Kediri Kabupaten Lombok Barat

Cayenne pepper is a leading commodity in Indonesia. Therefore, the amount of cayenne pepper production needs to be studied properly, including how to optimize its production through the factors that affect the amount of production. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the amount of cayenne pepper production in Kuripan District, West Lombok Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive method involving 30 respondents. Data is collected through direct survey method. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The data collected was in the form of the amount of cayenne pepper production, the area of cultivated land, the length of farming experience, the number of workers owned, the number of family members supported, the number of seeds and the amount of fertilizer used. The results showed that the six factors used, namely arable land area, length of farming experience, a lot of labor owned, a lot of dependants, a lot of seeds and a lot of fertilizer simultaneously affect the amount of cayenne pepper production. The factors that partially influence the amount of cayenne pepper production are the area of arable land and the number of family dependents.

Effect of shoot pruning and chicken manure on fruit set and yield of cayenne pepper grown on a sandy dryland soil

Improving the soil properties of a sandy dryland and carbohydrate allocation in crops grown on it is vital for crop production. This study explores the potential benefits of applying chicken manure and shoots pruning on fruit sets and the yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) grown on sandy dryland soil. An experiment testing a hybrid variety of cayenne pepper (Dewata 43) was conducted in Gumantar village, North Lombok, Indonesia (8.253654 S, 116.285695 E). Chicken manure treatment consisted of three levels; no chicken manure, chicken manure, and Trichoderma-enriched chicken manure at 3.5 ton ha−1. Pruning consisted of two levels; unpruned and pruned at three weeks after planting. The treatments were arranged factorially in a randomized block design with three replications. The study revealed that the soil was low in organic matter and had low nutrient content. Pruning did not show a significant effect, but chicken manure affected the fruit set and yield of cayenne pepper. Trichoderma-enriched chicken manure produced the highest fruit set (93%) and fruit weight per plant (286 g). The highest yield up to the fifth harvest was much lower than the variety’s yield potential, indicating room for improvement in cayenne pepper production in sandy dryland soils.

Effect of NPK Dose (16:16:16) on Growth and Yield of Cayenne Chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) in Tasikmalaya

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one type of chili that has high demand in Tasikmalaya. To fulfill the consumption, cayenne pepper production is needed to be added. This study helps to determine the best dose of NPK fertilizer that can support the growth yield of cayenne pepper, especially in Tasikmalaya. The research was conducted in experimental field of Agriculture Faculty Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya from November 2022 until February 2023. Experimental design used a randomized block degisn of single factor with six treatments and three replications. The treatments consist of no NPK fertilizer, ( ¼ , ½ , ¾ , 1 and 1 ¼ ) doses of NPK fertilizer. The results showed that NPK fertilizer had an affect on plant hight with 15.6 cm (3 WAP), 20.4 cm (4 WAP), 24,5 (5 WAP), 27,5 (6 WAP) and 29.5 cm (7 WAP). The highest cumulative yield of cayenne pepper from 1st until 3th harvests with fruit weight plant-1 was the 1 dose NPK treatment of 358,08 g plant-1.

Response on growth and production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) due to application of bio-slurry and biochar

This study aims to determine the best concentration of bioslurry and type of biochar for cayenne pepper growth and production. The research was conducted from March to June 2022 located in Sompe Village, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency. The research was carried out in the form of 2-factor factorial experiment using a randomized block design. Four concentration of bio-slurry, used as the first factor, were 0, 125, 250, and 250 cc per plot. The second factor was types of biochar consisted of control, rice husk biochar, corn cob biochar, and coconut shell biochar with a dosage of 4.4 kg per plot. Research results show no significant interaction occurred between the bioslurry and biochar treatments that affect the growth and production of cayenne pepper. Use of coconut shell biochar treatment resulted in the highest plant (36.31 cm) while application of rice husk biochar resulted in the highest number of fruits per plant (30.27), weight per fruit (4 g), fruit weight per plant (34.88 g), and fruit weight per plot (139.54 g). Treatment of rice husk biochar is the most optimal treatment in upgrading the production of cayenne pepper plant.

The Effect of Artificial Feeding Treatments on Predatory and Pollinating Ants in Cayenne Pepper Plants

Pests have the potential to reduce the quality and quantity of cayenne pepper production. Pest control is done by utilizing natural enemies, such as ants by being stimulated with artificial food. This study aims to observe the population of dominant species and the effect of various artificial feeding treatments on ants that act as predators or pollinators in chili plants. The study was arranged in a Randomized Group Design (RGD) with 5 treatments, namely P0: Control (no pellet or sugar solution treatment); P1: 10 g artificial feed pellets; P2: 10% sugar solution; P3: 10% sugar solution and 10 g artificial feed pellets; and P4: 10 g artificial feed pellets (put into artificial nest) which was repeated 4 times. Observations were made five times at three-day intervals. Data were analyzed by calculating the species diversity index (H'), species dominance index (C), and ant population. Based on the results, the ant diversity index in this experiment was classified as moderate at 1.17 (H' 1.0-3.0) and the ant dominance index was 0.35 (low: C<0.5). Ant identification revealed four species from three sub-families: Myrmicinae, Dolichodorinae, and Formicinae, namely Pheidole sp., Monomorium sp., Tapinoma sp., and Paratrechina sp. While species that have the potential as predators or pollinators on chili plants are Tapinoma sp.. Artificial feeding with treatment P3 (10 g artificial feed and 10% sugar solution) can have an effect and increase the population of Tapinoma sp. ants with an average of 81.95 heads on chili plants.

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI ALOKATIF CABAI RAWIT MERAH DI KECAMATAN BANYUPUTIH KABUPATEN SITUBONDO

The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the factors that influence cayenne pepper production and (2) allocative efficiency of cayenne pepper production in Banyuputih District, Situbondo Regency. The research was conducted on farmers who are members of the prima donna farmer group with a population of 88 farmers. The sample used was 44 respondents who were determined by the Stratified Random Sampling technique with the area of land used by farmers. Data collected through observation, interviews and questionnaires were analyzed using the coob douglas production function and allocative efficiency analysis. Factors that influence the production of red bird's eye chilies are partially influenced by variables of land area, urea fertilizer, Phonska fertilizer, Za fertilizer and labor. While simultaneously all variables have a significant effect on the production of red bird's eye chilies. The use of production factors for seeds, phonska fertilizer, pesticides and labor is not efficient, while for land area, urea and Za fertilizers are not efficient

Strategi Penguatan Penyuluhan Pertanian Terhadap Pemasaran Hasil Cabai Rawit Di Kecamatan Paguyaman Pantai Kabupaten Boalemo

The aims of this study were to identify internal and external factors in strengthening agricultural extension to the marketing of cayenne pepper and to formulate a strategy to strengthen agricultural extension to marketing cayenne pepper products in Paguyaman Pantai District, Boalemo Regency. The research method used is quantitative research in the form of a survey method. This research was conducted in Paguyaman Pantai District, Boalemo Regency in December 2022 to January 2023. The data analysis used was quantitative descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The results of the study show that: 1) Internal and external factors that influence the strategy of strengthening agricultural extension to the marketing of cayenne pepper in Paguyaman Pantai District, Boalemo Regency consist of: internal factors, namely the land that is owned by themselves, the experience of farmers in developing cayenne pepper farming, the existence of directives from extension agents to farmers in developing cayenne pepper farming, cayenne pepper is included in the leading commodity and there are suitable soil conditions, cayenne pepper production is not optimal, selling price for cayenne pepper is unstable, cayenne pepper marketing is uncertain, cayenne pepper commodity is easily damaged and rotten, external factors, namely the support of the local government regarding cayenne pepper farming, the exhibition of horticultural agricultural products, the availability of seeds and fertilizers, the the existence of supporting facilities and infrastructure, the existence of b road cayenne pepper distribution channels, the increasing demand for cayenne pepper, Unstable weather conditions, prices for seeds and fertilizers that are increasingly difficult to reach by farmers, pests and diseases that attack, cayenne pepper prices fluctuate, competitors, limited land. 2) Strategy for strengthening agricultural extension to marketing cayenne pepper products in Paguyaman Pantai District, Boalemo Regency, which is in quadrant I supporting an aggressive strategy or SO (Strength-Opportunities) by using the strengths and opportunities they have to minimize existing weaknesses and threats so as to achieve improvement.

Risk Analysis Of Chili Chili Farming In The Koli Transmigration Settlement Unit, Oba Sub-District, Tidore City Islands, North Maluku Province

The agricultural pattern for residents in the Transmigration Settlement area or known as trans koli already uses modern technology that produces maximum production. Cayenne pepper production risk is a loss to farmers caused by the emergence of a production process that cannot be handled. The purpose of this study was to analyze the costs, income and income of cayenne pepper farming and to analyze production risk, cost risk and risk of cayenne pepper farming income in the Koli Transmigration Settlement Unit, Oba District, Tidore City, North Maluku Islands Province. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis to analyze farming and risk analysis. The results of this study are that the average total production costs incurred by farmers in the Trans Koli area during one planting season is IDR 1,464,198 and the average total income during one harvest season is IDR 4,062,293 and the average chili farming income earned farmer. for one harvest season IDR 2,599,094. This explains that the income of the respondent farmers in producing cayenne pepper is greater than the total production costs incurred by the cost risk with a coefficient of variation of 6.40, this is due to the high transportation costs. While the results of the lowest risk level with a coefficient of variation of 1.26. This is because of the selling price relative and stable production is indicated by a lower level of production risk with a coefficient of variation of 1.60 compared to cost risk.

Perbandingan Pendapatan Usahatani Cabai Rawit Varietas Lokal Dan Varietas Dewata Di Desa Raanan Baru Dua Kecamatan Motoling Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

This study aims to determine the comparison of farming income of local and Dewata varieties of cayenne pepper in Raanan Baru Dua Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted in Raanan Baru Dua Village, West Motoling District. Data collection techniques, namely interviews using questionnaires, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the local variety and Dewata variety of cayenne pepper farming in Raanan Baru Dua Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency, the total production of local varieties of cayenne pepper was 21.662 kg and the total production of cayenne pepper of the dewata variety was 20.214 kg. The average income of local varieties of cayenne pepper farming is IDR 72,803,130 per hectare. While the average income of Dewata variety cayenne pepper is Rp. 66,368,836 per hectare. The results of the T test using the SPSS software application show that there is no significant difference between the farming of the two chili varieties.

Pemanfaatan Bintil Akar Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea) sebagai Pupuk Biologi untuk Pertumbuhan Bibit Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens) dalam Upaya Penyusunan Petunjuk Praktikum Fisiologi Tumbuhan II

Peanut root nodules can be used as a biological fertilizer. Root nodules are roots containing rhizobium bacteria as nitrogen enhancers, which can be used as biological fertilizers. Nitrogen is an element for forming important compounds in cells, including proteins, DNA and RNA. Cayenne pepper production is low due to lack of nutrients, one of which is nitrogen. To meet this need, researchers use peanut root nodules. The aim of this study was to determine the utilization of peanut root nodules (Arachis hypogaea), as a biological fertilizer for the growth of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens), in an effort to prepare plant physiology practical instructions II. This research is included in pure experimental research and development research. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data collection techniques in this study were through observation and documentation methods, then data analysis used One Way Anova. The population consisted of 5 treatments, namely: 1) P.O (Control with 100% soil); 2) P.1 (3 grams of peanut root nodule fertilizer); 3) P.2 (2.5 grams of peanut root nodule fertilizer); 4) P.3 (2 grams of peanut root nodule fertilizer); and 5) P.4 (1.5 grams of peanut root nodule fertilizer), and repeated 4 times. Parameters observed in this study were plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, stem length, and total leaf area. The results of the research on plant height parameters showed that the Fvalue < Ftable 0.05, that is, 1.827 < 3.06, the parameter for the number of leaves with the Fcount < Ftable 0.05, namely 1.500 < 3.06, the leaf length parameter with Fcount < Ftable 0.05, that is, 0.478 < 3.06, the leaf width parameter with a calculated Fvalue < Ftable 0.05, that is, 0.053 < 3.06, the stem segment length parameter with a calculated Fvalue < Ftable 0.05, namely , 0.660 < 3.06, parameter of stem diameter with calculated Fvalue < Ftable 0.05 ie, 0.489 < 3.06, and total leaf area parameter with calculated Fvalue < Ftable 0.05 ie 0.489 < 3.06. Based on the results of the study, all observation parameters did not have a significant effect (non-significant). In the development research, 2 expert validators were used, namely teaching material experts, material expert in plant physiology II and the readability test by 15 students. From the results of data analysis of teaching materials experts, the average value was 3.56, and material experts 3.53. As well as the readability test by 15 students an average of 2.98. So that the practical instructions for plant physiology II are feasible to use without revision.

Yield Gap in Cayenne Pepper Production in South Kalimantan

Swampy land is potential land for the development of cayenne pepper. However, there is a yield gap between swamp and dry land plants. The gap in the yield of cayenne pepper plants between dry and dry land is caused by the acidity of the soil in the swamp land which results in low cayenne pepper production