Production Of Blast-furnace Coke Research Articles

Утилізація коксового дрібняку і шламу брикетуванням із зв’язуючою речовиною.

The article is devoted to the issues of rational use of secondary carbon-containing solid products of coke production: coke sludge, dust from aspiration units and coke fines. These issues are particularly relevant in the context of a widespread deterioration in the raw material base and, in particular, a shortage of coking coal, which leads to a deterioration in both coke yield and quality. This state of the coal raw material base is expected to continue for a long time. Therefore, for coke plants, the problem of waste-free, rational utilisation of small products of blast furnace coke production is of particular relevance. The article presents the results of studies of coke fines and argues the main directions of their qualified use. The technologies and schemes of design solutions for the qualified utilisation of solid fines of coke products and their transformation into highly liquid marketable products are considered. A review of modern methods of "cold" briquetting using water-soluble binders such as lignosulfonate, molasses, starch, liquid glass, ureaformaldehyde resin, etc. was carried out. The possibility of replacing up to 15 % of the main binding materials with coke production products: coal tar, polymers of the benzene department, and tar from a biochemical plant was established. It is shown that the addition of acidic resin worsens the strength of coke oven briquettes and cannot be recommended for use. The time and temperature of heat treatment of briquettes were determined experimentally: 15 min and 300 °C, respectively. A basic technological scheme for the production of 5-10 mm class from coke fines and coke briquettes for ferroalloy and blast furnaces is proposed. A technological scheme for the production of coke briquettes and a new apparatus for their heat treatment are proposed. The basic technological requirements for the quality of carbon reducing agents are formulated. Keywords: coke fines, coke sludge, charge, binder, coke briquette, heat treatment. Corresponding author D.V. Miroshnichenko, e-mail: dvmir79@gmail.com

Development of a system for detecting and notification incomplete tapping of cast iron from a blast furnace based on computer vision methods

This study describes a method for detecting incomplete cast iron tapping in blast furnace production using computer vision. Incomplete cast iron tapping is a violation of the technological process and can slow down or stop the work of a metallurgical plant, which will lead to economic losses, therefore, the task of detecting incomplete cast iron tapping and notifying the operator of it is relevant. A method for detecting incomplete tapping was developed, based on the use of a neural network detector that detects a jet of cast iron in the tapping hole immediately before the tapping is completed. A dataset was assembled for training a neural network and software was developed to implement the method. An additional method for detecting incomplete tapping was developed, which is based on counting the number of sparks that appear during the subsequent cast iron tapping with the help of computer vision. The software implementing this method was developed, the threshold value of sparks was determined, upon reaching which a notification of the problem is generated. The universal video warning notification system «Empty display» was developed. The developed systems were implemented and tested at public joint-stock company (PJSC) Severstal in the agglomeration and blast-furnace coke production site. Warning notifications were correctly generated in 98% of cases.

Use of Alternative Raw Materials in Coke-Making: New Insights in the Use of Lignites for Blast Furnace Coke Production

This paper presents the results of studies on the possibility of using lignite to produce blast furnace coke. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the influence of lignite addition (direct addition or incorporated into briquettes) on the textural, structural and quality parameters (NSC-CRI and CSR) of blast furnace coke. It was found that the introduction of lignite in briquettes (4.5% addition) allows coke to be produced that is characterized by equally high NSC parameters as for coke obtained without lignite addition for standard top-charged operation.

Determination of CO2 Emissions in Russia’s Steel-Industry: Methodological Issues

Various perspectives on global climate change are considered. According to one point of view, the current warming is associated with the greenhouse effect—that is, with increase in the atmospheric content of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide CO2). The prediction is that uncontrolled growth in their content may have negative consequences. The UNFCCC and IPCC guidelines regarding greenhouse-gas accounting have the status of recommendations. In particular, the inventory of greenhouse gas may take account of the nation’s developmental needs. The main purpose of a greenhouse-gas inventory is to determine the scope for reductions. In the present work, anthropogenic sources of CO2 formation in Russia are considered. The CO2 emissions in different industrial sectors are compared. The methodology for the determination of greenhouse- gas emissions in Russia—in particular, in the steel industry—is analyzed. The analysis shows that official reports mainly assess CO2 emissions by means of the basic and sectoral approaches at level 2. The use of a detailed approach and level 3 is only seen for a few metallurgical processes. Some of the CO2 emissions formed in the steel industry—in particular, emissions in the production of blast-furnace coke—are attributed to the energy sector. According to inventory estimates, the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions in Russia declined by 75% from 1990 to 2015. In comparison with 1990, the CO2 emissions in the steel industry also declined. In 1990, the steel industry accounted for 4.0% of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions; in 2015, that figure was 4.8%. Analysis shows that the methodology used in estimating greenhouse-gas emissions must be transparent and must support the search for means of reducing emissions. The state could foster decreases in greenhouse-gas emissions by offering financial incentives to enterprises that cut emissions.

Assessing the Coking Properties and Value of Coal for Blast-Furnace Coke Production

An approach is proposed for assessing the coking properties and value of coal during prospecting, extraction, and deep processing, so as to objectively identify clinkering coal suitable for the production of blast-furnace coke. As a trial, this approach is used in the assessment of clinkering and poorly clinkering coal of different maceral composition and metamorphic development in estimating the reserves in the Kuznetsk Basin.

Producing Coke of Improved Quality

The industrial production of blast-furnace coke of improved quality has been organized at Makeevka Coke Plant. The coke produced meets global quality standards.

Producing lignite pitch from high-boiling semicoking tar

The heat treatment of high-boiling tar fractions from Berezovsk lignite (Kansk–Achinsk Basin) in a solid-fuel reactor to obtain lignite pitch is investigated. In addition, the use of the semicoke to reduce granulated phosphorus pellets from Dzhanatas ore is studied. The lignite pitch and semicoke may also be used in coking batch for the production of blast-furnace coke with improved properties; as binder in the production of domestic lignite-based fuel briquets; as binder in the sintering of Kovdorsk and Olenegorsk iron-ore concentrates at AO Severstal’; as binder in the production of anode masses for aluminum production; as binder in bricks and cold packing employed in the manufacture and sealing of electrolyzer hearths; and for pyrolysis with natural methane to increase the yield of ethylene.

Production of coke with ore additives in coke furnaces

Coke with ore additive may be produced from Zarechnaya DG coal (Kuznets Basin) and high-sulfur Zh coal (from Samsonovskaya and Krasnolimanskaya enrichment facilities, Donets Basin), which is of low technological value and is used in small quantities in batch for the production of blast-furnace coke. The ore additive employed is dust from the dry gas purifiers in the production of commercial silicomanganese, manganese-carbonate concentrate, and manganese-oxide concentrate of the first and second kinds. In experimental batches, the content of the ore additive is adjusted in 5% increments over the range 0–15%. On introducing the ore additive in the batch, the corresponding quantity of G coal is removed, with constant content (40%) of Zh coal. Experimental batches are coked in a 5-kg laboratory furnace (designed by Ukrainian Coal-Chemistry Institute). The coke obtained is tested by methods including technical analysis and determination of the electrical resistivity, the reactivity, and the structural and mechanical strength. In the production of highly reactive coke with high electrical resistivity, the best ore additive is 10–15% manganese-oxide concentrate. The coke is suitable for transportation, transfer, sorting, and crushing to the required size.

Assessing the value of coking coal in terms of coking properties and genetic compatibility

On the basis of new research by the Sapozhnikov method (State Standard GOST 1186), as well as data on the yield of volatiles (State Standard GOST 6382) and the petrological characteristics, new definitions are proposed in assessing the clinkering and coking of coal for bed coking. Under that proposal, clinkering properties and coking properties would refer exclusively to samples of individual coals; clinkering ability and coking ability would apply to coal blends and coal batch. As is shown, data for the petrographic composition and vitrinite reflection coefficient permit assessment of the genetic compatibility of coal, which may be used as a behavioral characteristic of coal in batch for blast-furnace coke production.

Plastic wastes, lube oils and carbochemical products as secondary feedstocks for blast-furnace coke production

Two plastic wastes (polyolefin-enriched and multicomponent), two lube oils (paraffinic and synthetic) and one coal-tar were assessed as individual and combined additives to coal blends for the production of blast furnace coke. The effects of adding 2wt.% of these additives or their mixtures (50:50 w/w) on the coking capacity of coal, coking pressure and coke quality parameters were investigated. It was found that the two plastic wastes reduce fluidity, whereas the addition of oils and tar helps to partially restore the fluidity of the coal-plastic blend. From the co-carbonization of the coking blend with the different wastes in a movable wall oven of over 15kg capacity, it was deduced that polyolefins have a detrimental effect on coking pressure. The addition of oils and tar to the coal-plastic blend has different modifying effects. Whereas paraffinic oil eliminated the high coking pressure caused by the polyolefins, polyol-ester oil had a weak reducing effect unlike coal-tar which had a strong enhancing effect. The compatibility of the oils/tar with plastics and coal and the beneficial influence of these combinations on coking pressure is discussed in relation to the miscibility of the plastic and the oily and bituminous additives, and the amount and composition of the volatile matter evolved from each additive during pyrolysis as evaluated by thermal analysis. Furthermore, it was found that coke reactivity towards CO2 (CRI) and coke strength after reaction with CO2 (CSR) are heavily dependent on the composition of the plastic waste, with polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having a clear negative effect. The porosity of the cokes obtained from blends containing plastic wastes is always higher, but the pores are smaller in size.

Relative cost of enrichment-plant concentrates

Alternatives are proposed for calculating the relative value of coal and concentrate for the production of blast-furnace coke.

Methods of utilization of coke and chemical capacities of bituminous coal processing

New methods of utilization of coke and chemical capacities are suggested in addition to main production of blast-furnace coke including in the period of its decline. This will allow to intensify utilization of furnace facilities, to install and maintain new furnace facilities by means of production of feedstock for low temperature gasification from cheap low-caking coal charges. End products — electric power, motor fuel, chemical products of organic synthesis.

La tecnología de producción de coque de horno alto ante el nuevo milenio

Coke is essential for the operation of a Blast Furnace. However, in recent years new coking plants have not been built, which have caused the ageing of the existing infrastructures for blast furnace coke production. So, the challenge which coking industry in the new millennium has to face up is the modernization of the old coke production structures. In relation to alternative coking systems, in the European Union the Jumbo reactor or Single Chamber System (SCS) has been developed, whereas in USA non-recovery ovens based on the primitive beehive ovens are used. In Japan the project SCOPE 21 is being developed.

Influencia de la alteración meteórica de dos carbones coquizables con contenido medio de materia volátil en la calidad del coque producido

The study of the weathering of two bituminous coals stored at the INCAR stockyard and its influence on coke quality is presented. These coals of similar rank are present in industrial blends used by the Corporacion Siderurgica Integral (CSI) for the production of blast-furnace coke. Of all the techniques used to determine the degree of weathering, via thermoplastic properties, Gieseler plastometry was found to be the most sensitive. Coking tests were carried out in the semi-industrial coking plant at INCAR. The effect of weathering on each coal series is completely different. Weathering produces a loss of maximum fluidity accompanied by a decrease in aliphatic hydrogen in both coals. However, the loss rate is different in each case. Coke quality clearly decreases in one, while in the other improves at first but then gradually deteriorates. An improvement in coke quality due to weathering not only affects some high-volatile coals as it is well known but also medium volatile coals.

Aspects of Coal Tar Chemistry/A Review

Abstract A review of some aspects of coal tar chemistry is presented. Topics covered include: coal tar as a by-product of blast furnace coke production from hard coal; industrial uses of coal tar; chemical composition of coal tar (particularly with regard to polycyclic aromatic compounds PAC); preparation, purification and purity testing of PAC from coal tar; structure determination of unknown PAC derived from tar or by synthesis; high temperature chemistry of PAC in the gas and liquid phase.

コークス製造のための低温乾留技術の展望

コークス製造のための低温乾留技術の展望

Carbonization of coals to produce anisotropic cokes. 2. Up-grading of modification activities of petroleum process residues and their correlation with structural parameters

Modifying activities of petroleum pitches and up-graded pitches in the co-carbonization with a range of coals have been examined with the object of proposing an effective co-carbonization process for blast-furnace coke production. Up-grading of additives was attempted using thermal, acidic and oxidative reactions. Acidic reactions with aluminium chloride were most effective with lighter petroleum residues of initially poor modifying activity, this being attributed to dealkylation, ring-closure and ring condensation reactions. The relation between modifying activity and structural indices is discussed. The aromaticity ( f a ) and the naphthenic ring number in the unit structure T n, us can be used as appropriate parameters for the activity when the coking yield is taken into account.

Utilization of Non-coking Coal for Production of Blast Furnace Coke

In view of shortage of coking coal supply in future, it has been expected to establsh the processes which could use non-coking coal for making of metallugical coke.At first, four main technices which is anticipated to be available for this intention were described in outline. Secondary development of D. K. S formed coke process and SUMICOAL-system which consist of the use of special caking substance, ASP, and the method of briquette blend were elucidated, D. K. S process is not continious, but has reached to possible step could prduce formed coke in commercial.SUMICOAL-system has consumed non-coking coal over one million ton age for the past year, and its coke quality was confirmed to even to conventional coke, through results of laboratory testes and 5, 000m3 class B. F operation.

The strength of industrial cokes: Part 4. The influence of carbonizing conditions on the tensile strength

The objective of this study was to ascertain if the observed differences in strength behaviour of blast-furnace and foundry cokes could be attributed to the different carbonizing conditions used in their production. Two coal blends, one being representative for blast-furnace coke production and the other for foundry coke production, were carbonized in a small-scale test oven using a wide range of heating conditions which included those used in the industrial production of the two types of coke. Coke tensile strengths were determined by the diametrical-compression test and a small-scale drum test was used to derive strength indices comparable to standard micum indices. The tensile strengths and material constants obtained by Weibull statistical analysis, when related to those drum-test indices which assess the resistance of coke to attrition and to corresponding data for equivalent commercial cokes, demonstrated that the cokes fell into two distinct sets according to the coal blend used. It was concluded that changes in coke strength caused by different carbonizing conditions could not account for the different strength behaviour of blast-furnace and foundry cokes. The alternative hypothesis that the nature of the coal blend is the predominant factor is supported by the correlations established for each of the coal blends.

Utilization of Indigenous Coal for the Production of Blast Furnace Coke

Utilization of Indigenous Coal for the Production of Blast Furnace Coke