Production Of Aromatic Plants Research Articles

EFFECT OF ANIMAL HORMONES ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND ANATOMINCAL STRUCTURE OF POTHOS (Scindapsus aureus) PLANT

Striking similarities actually exist between plant and animal tissues, as far as consideration concerns cell structure and biological processes. Through this concept, two animal hormones were added at different concentrations to the drenching solution of pothos (Scindapsus aureus) plants, in a trial to examine their possible effects on growth and development of a representative member of the plant kingdom. This study was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, during the two successive seasons of 2003/2004 and 2004/2005. Three concentrations were used for an estrogenic hormone (ethinyl estradiol at 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 ppm), two concentrations for a progestational hormone (lynestrenol at 1 and 1.5 ppm) and a combination of the two zoochemical agents (ethinyl estradiol at 0.1 + lynestrenol at 1 ppm). The plants were studied morphologically, chemically and anatomically. The morphology, included plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of leaves, main stem diameter, and its fresh and dry weights, root length, and its fresh and dry weights. Calculations were made for the stem cross-sectional area, and also for the percentage increase of the above mentioned parameters for the above-ground plant parts, in association with the most effective treatment in the study (ethinyl estradiol at 0.1 ppm) in comparison to control morphological values. The chemical analysis included the pigment content in fresh leaves, as well as the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium percentages in dry leaves. The anatomical description included the laminar thickness, midrib thickness, number of vascular bundles per midrib, thickness of petiole, and the number of vascular bundles per petiole. Calculations were made for the midrib and petiole cross-sectional areas, and their vascular densities, in addition to the percentage increase of the above mentioned anatomical parameters, in association with the most effective treatment in the study (ethinyl estradiol at 0.1 ppm) in comparison to control anatomical values. Statistical analysis of the results revealed a clear response to hormones in the form of considerable enhancement of plant height, as well as leaf and stem parameters. Limited increments were recorded for root parameters. Increased nitrogen and phosphorus percentages in dry leaves were also recorded. The best enhancing effects were generally recorded with ethinyl estradiol at 0.1 ppm.. It can be concluded that estrogen, may represent a form of exogenous biological growth regulator in the field of plant promotion. These enhancing effects might be explained by the presence of estrogen receptors (already confirmed in literature) and /or progesterone receptors in plant tissue. Alternatively, animal hormones may be inducing plant cytokinins, or else performing cytokinin-like action (morphogenesis). Further experimental studies, may be recommended, such as using lower concentrations of these hormones, and comparing drenching to spraying, in addition to manipulating the plants differently as regards fertilization, and comparison of animal hormones with other known growth regulators. These zoochemical agents may prove to be beneficial in induction of plant tissue culture. However, the life time duration of treated plants should be studied in the presence of such hormones. The plant tissue content of these hormones and their degradation products, should also be estimated, as they may, later on, be used for increasing the production of edible, medicinal, or aromatic plants, with subsequent possible effects on human health.

The Role of Agricultural Extension in Developing the Egyptian Exports of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

The study aims to: determine the participants’ level of knowledge for thevariables within the international and local markets of medicinal and aromaticplants, recognize the role of agricultural extension in developing the exports of thesecrops, recognize the nature of the relationship between the extension service and theorganizations working in the exports field, recognize the requirements for extendingthe production of medicinal and aromatic plants, and finally determine the level ofrecognizing the required quality standards for exporting the chamomile as long asthe international demand for it is increasing.The study has been investigated on a sample of 117 participants, 80 of themare medicinal and aromatic plants growers and 37 of the extension staff in FayoumGovernorate.The most important results regarding the extension staff were; low level ofknowledge regarding the international marketing variables (the global price ofchamomile, the proper time for exporting, and the quality standards for exports),73% of them referred that they don’t provide any services for the growers inmarketing the product, 67.6% of them stated that there is no relationship between theextension authorities and the governmental organizations that working in the exportfield, at the same time 18.1% of them stated that there is a relationship between theextension authorities and the associations working in the field of exporting crops. The most important requirements for expanding the cultivated area of these crops– as the extension staff point of view – were; organizing a trainings for the extensionstaff who are working in this field (100%), inform the growers about the qualitystandards for exports, expand the growing in the new lands (45.9%), and offermoney incentives for the extension agents and the marketing specialists (59.5%).Regarding the participants of growers, the most important results were;56.25% of the growers market their production by contracting with the exporters,88.7% of the growers don’t know about the quality standards, and 75% of themdon’t know the global price and the proper time for growing.The main problems facing the growers within the production process were;the infection of pests and diseases (78.5%) and the low quality of irrigation waterwhich affects the quality of the production (80%). Regarding the marketingproblems, the growers stated the following problems; the high cost of harvesting(94%), the monopoly within the market where there are few exporters andmiddlemen (78.5%), and price fluctuations (75%). The main requirements forexpanding the production were; the availability of the information about qualitystandards (76.3%) and the availability of high quality seeds (75%). The marketingrequirements were; pre-contracting (87.5%) and exporters commitment with growers(66.5%).It’s, also, stated the weakness of the agricultural extension in developing theknowledge and skills of the growers regarding the production and exporting of themedicinal and aromatic plants. Finally, the study has shown that both the extensionstaff and growers have a low level of recognition for the quality standards requiredfor exporting the chamomile where 10.8% and 15% of them respectively are in thehigh recognition category.

QUANTIFICATION OF THE TRADE IN MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN AND FROM NEPAL

QUANTIFICATION OF THE TRADE IN MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN AND FROM NEPAL

MELALEUCA TERETIFOLIA, A NOVEL AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL PLANT FROM AUSTRALIA

MELALEUCA TERETIFOLIA, A NOVEL AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL PLANT FROM AUSTRALIA

The return of Kenyan essential oils

Summary After a 50 year break from essential oil production, a Kenyan farming company returns to the production of aromatic plants for distillation and tries to break into the European organic essential oil market.

PRODUCTION AND DEMAND - A VIEW TO THE FUTURE OF MAP

The significant increase in demand for medicinal and aromatic plants during the past 25 years highlights the interest in using these plants for flavoring foods and drink and for pharmaceutical applications. The interest is fueled by changing demographics in Western countries, accented by expanding population levels of minorities and elderly. To meet the increased demand for quality medicinal and aromatic plant products during the next 25 years, growers and processors will need to focus on various aspects of production, plant protection/conservation, crop domestication, genetic transformation, and product standardization.

DOMESTICATION STUDIES OF MATICO (BUDDLEJA GLOBOSA HOPE)

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century DOMESTICATION STUDIES OF MATICO (BUDDLEJA GLOBOSA HOPE)

EFFECTS OF PRE- AND POST-EMERGENCE SALT TREATMENT ON SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICINAL PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA PEPO CONVAR. PEPO VAR. STYRIACA)

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century EFFECTS OF PRE- AND POST-EMERGENCE SALT TREATMENT ON SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICINAL PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA PEPO CONVAR. PEPO VAR. STYRIACA)

EFFECT OF HARVEST SEASON, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON ROOT YIELD, ECHINACOSIDE AND ALKYLAMIDES IN ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA L. IN CHILE

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century EFFECT OF HARVEST SEASON, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON ROOT YIELD, ECHINACOSIDE AND ALKYLAMIDES IN ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA L. IN CHILE

INVESTIGATION OF INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century INVESTIGATION OF INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION

NEW RESULTS OF POPPY (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.) BREEDING FOR LOW ALKALID CONTENT IN HUNGARY

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century NEW RESULTS OF POPPY (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.) BREEDING FOR LOW ALKALID CONTENT IN HUNGARY

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THREE HYPERICUM SPECIES GROWING WILD IN POLAND

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THREE HYPERICUM SPECIES GROWING WILD IN POLAND

POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS FOR HERB PRODUCTION IN NORDIC COUNTRIES

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS FOR HERB PRODUCTION IN NORDIC COUNTRIES

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ACORUS CALAMUS L. EXTRACT ON SOME PLANT PATHOGENIC MOLDS

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ACORUS CALAMUS L. EXTRACT ON SOME PLANT PATHOGENIC MOLDS

PLANT CHARACTERS AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF NEW SELECTIONS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.)

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century PLANT CHARACTERS AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF NEW SELECTIONS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.)

CHEMOTAXONOMIC VALUE OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOUNDS IN CITRUS SPECIES

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century CHEMOTAXONOMIC VALUE OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOUNDS IN CITRUS SPECIES

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SELECTED HERB CULTIVARS IN FINLAND

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century YIELD AND QUALITY OF SELECTED HERB CULTIVARS IN FINLAND

BY-PRODUCTS OF VEGETABLE CELERY (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L. VAR. DULCE) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FLAVOURS

ISHS International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production in the 21st Century BY-PRODUCTS OF VEGETABLE CELERY (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L. VAR. DULCE) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FLAVOURS

Ecological diversity of Hungarian medicinal and aromatic plant flora and its regional consequences

During the last century the medicinal and aromatic plant sector has became a successful part of the Hungarian Agriculture. Some of the national products have been accepted as a special Hungarian ones ("Hungaricum"), evaluated on the world market, respectfully. By the estimates the cultivation area of medicinal and aromatic plants increased up to 37,000-42,000 hectares and considerable amount — about 10, 000-15, 000 tonnes of dry biomass — are produced by utilisation of Hungarian indigenous flora, year by year.
 In the present work ecological requirements of 97 collected and 55 cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants are characterised. Based on the analysis of -Ts (temperature regime values) about 63 per cent of cultivated species came from Submediterranean and Mediterranean type of habitat, originally, while the majority of collected plants (61.8 per cent of them) prefer the deciduous forest conditions. The differences between collected and cultivated species are appreciable too, if the distributions of their characteristic water regime ('W' values) are compared. The majority of cultivated species require dry (moderate dry) and fresh (moderate fresh) habitats, while the amplitude of water requirement of collected species is much more wide-ranging.
 The regional specialisation of Hungary according to production of medicinal and aromatic plants is known from the beginnings of the 20th century. As a result of spontaneous process seven well-defined production areas were developed. The relationship between regions, their climatic conditions and spectrum of species produced there are analysed.

Production and marketing of medicinal and aromatic plants

The utilisation of medicinal and aromatic plants is growing continuously, which is motivated by both psychological and rational factors. Species belonging to this special group of plants were produced in the territory of Hungary many centuries back. However, the intensification of the production started in the first years of 20 th century, only, and in spite of many political and economical contradictions the medicinal and aromatic plant sector became a successful part of Hungarian Agriculture. Some of the national products had been accepted as a special Hungarian product ("Hungaricum") evaluated as most respectful in the world market. To stabilise, even to develop the production of medicinal and aromatic plants in Hungary the understanding of the actual world situation, especially the forthcoming EU conditions, became essential. Based on the analysis of the situation market and economy of medicinal plant production, a new strategy had to be developed. The medicinal and aromatic plant sector requires a special development program, which should be supported by Hungarian authorities, focusing on the subjects, which are as follows:
 
 development of "quasi" EU compatible Hungarian regions specialised for medicinal plant production,
 development of biological background, technology as well as the quality assurance system of the production,
 EU compatible regulation and subvention system of the sector, including processing, production and marketing of raw and phytomed ici nes,
 development of new marketing strategy in both national and international relations.