Production In Vietnam Research Articles

Land use restrictions, misallocation in agriculture, and aggregate productivity in Vietnam

This paper evaluates the effects of restricted land use rights on aggregate productivity using micro-level data within a quantitative model. In particular, I exploit the Rice Land Designation Policy in Vietnam, which forces farmers to produce rice on almost 45% of land plots. I use digitized versions of Vietnam's Local Land Use Atlas and Global Agro-Ecological Zones database to construct a micro-spatial dataset that shapes the model features and allows me to compare the restricted against a counterfactual efficient allocation. The main findings suggest that eliminating all land use restrictions leads to an 8.03% increase in real GDP per capita. While misallocation in agriculture has been studied extensively, the paper highlights a novel source of misallocation also prevalent in other countries such as China, Myanmar, and Uzbekistan.

Adequacy of Satellite-derived Precipitation Estimate for Hydrological Modeling in Vietnam Basins

This study evaluates eight Satellite-derived Precipitation Estimate (SPE) datasets, which include uncorrected SPE and gauge-corrected SPE products from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation (CHIRP), and Precipitation Estimation form Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN). These datasets are utilized with six representative river basins, corresponding to six sub-climate zones in Vietnam, during the period 2002–2017. The evaluations were carried out in two parts: 1) inter-comparison of the SPE products with rain gauges, for the six basins; 2) comparison of streamflow simulations, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) forced by precipitation from rain gauge and SPE products. The results indicated that the gauge-corrected SPE datasets exhibited slightly better over the uncorrected datasets in comparison with rain gauges, but showed much higher performances as inputs in hydrological simulations. The GPM Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) Final run version 06B (GPM IMERGF-V6) exhibited the best overall performances among SPE products, in comparison with the rain gauges for the simulation of streamflow. This study is the first of its kind to validate GPM IMERG products in Vietnam, indicating the strong capability of the new IMERG retrieval algorithms. The CHIRP with stations (CHIRPS) dataset demonstrates a relatively low bias, could benefit long-term water resources planning for droughts. In monthly streamflow simulations, the SPE-driven simulations outperformed rain gauge-driven simulations in a larger basin (North West Region), which has low rain-gauge density. The results of this study could be a guide to determine the suitability of different SPE products for hydrological simulations.

Understanding the gastrointestinal physiology and responses to feeding in air-breathing Anabantiform fishes.

The Mekong Delta is host to a large number of freshwater species, including a unique group of facultative air-breathing Anabantiforms. Of these, the striped snakehead (Channa striata), the climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), the giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) and the snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) are major contributors to aquaculture production in Vietnam. The gastrointestinal responses to feeding in these four species are detailed here. Relative intestinal length was lowest in the snakehead, indicating carnivory, and 5.5-fold greater in the snakeskin, indicating herbivory; climbing perch and giant gourami were intermediate, indicating omnivory. N-waste excretion (ammonia-N + urea-N) was greatest in the carnivorous snakehead and least in the herbivorous snakeskin, whereas the opposite trend was observed for net K+ excretion. Similarly, the more carnivorous species had a greater stomach acidity than the more herbivorous species. Measurements of acid-base flux to water indicated that the greatest postprandial alkaline tide occurred in the snakehead and a potential acidic tide in the snakeskin. Additional findings of interest were high levels of both PCO2 (up to 40 mmHg) and HCO3 - (up to 33 mM) in the intestinal chyme of all four of these air-breathing species. Using in vitro gut sac preparations of the climbing perch, it was shown that the intestinal net absorption of fluid, Na+ and HCO3 - was upregulated by feeding but not net Cl- uptake, glucose uptake or K+ secretion. Upregulated net absorption of HCO3 - suggests that the high chyme (HCO3 - ) does not result from secretion by the intestinal epithelium. The possibility of ventilatory control of PCO2 to regulate postprandial acid-base balance in these air-breathing fish is discussed.

Geographical indications and quality promotion of agricultural products in Vietnam: an analysis of government roles

ABSTRACT Geographical indications (GIs) play an important part in the agriculture sector in Vietnam. However, the government’s role in promoting GIs to improve agricultural product quality has not been adequately analysed. This article investigates the influence of public policy on GIs and quality promotion of agricultural products in Vietnam, and analyses three case studies – Phu Quoc fish sauce, Luc Ngan lychee and Moc Chau Shan Tuyet tea –to examine the institutional influence of GIs on the quality development of local products. The article provides recommendations on how to promote GI implementation to enhance agricultural product quality in Vietnam.

Energy intensity in the EU chemical industry halved over a 26-year period

•This study provides a novel analysis of energy and technology use in Vietnam’s aluminum industry. Vietnam has the world’s fourth largest bauxite reserves, and is developing a full aluminum supply chain, from bauxite mining to aluminum smelting. Aluminum production is one of the most energy-intensive industrial processes, yet Vietnam has relatively few domestic energy resources, and no data on energy use in its aluminum industry. This paper quantifies energy intensity in each phase of aluminum production in Vietnam in comparison to global estimates. The paper finds that Vietnam’s aluminum production is more energy intensive than the global average, driven by high energy intensity in the alumina production phase. The paper identifies broad barriers to industrial energy efficiency in Vietnam and similar countries, and how these challenges can be incorporated in future research. Potential retrofit technologies are identified for Vietnam’s alumina plants, including cost and energy saving potential for each technology. Analysis of net present value, including policy scenario analysis, indicates that some of these retrofit technologies are promising investments in the near term, with simple payback periods of less than ten years for four out of the five technologies identified. The energy footprint of Vietnam’s aluminum industry is an important consideration for policymakers in Vietnam, given Vietnam’s need for energy resources, and promoting efficient operation of Vietnam’s aluminum industry will require additional technology and policy changes. This research demonstrates a mixed-methods approach that can be applied to address the challenges data-constrained planners face in developing energy-intensive industries worldwide.

Tobacco excise tax increase and illicit cigarette consumption: evidence from Vietnam

BackgroundOne of the most significant barriers to tax reform and tax rate increases in Vietnam is the threat of illicit trade promulgated by the tobacco industry. The industry argues that...

Efficiency measurement of edible canna production in Vietnam

Edible canna cultivation was considered as one of the potential means to create job, contribute to increase income and reduce poverty for local communities in developing countries such as Vietnam. The study objective was to analyze the efficiency of edible canna production in Vietnam and subsequently to determine the factors affecting its inefficiency. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) was first applied to measure technical, scale, allocative and economic efficiency. The Tobit model was then applied to investigate what factors affecting the inefficiency scores of edible canna production in Vietnam. The data of 346 farmers gathered by face-to-face interviews was used to analyze in this study. The findings unveiled that mean pure technical efficiency (PTE) was highest (0.752), followed by scale efficiency (0.681), overall technical efficiency (0.513) and economic efficiency (0.258). Tobit regression analysis revealed that age, education and extension contact individually had a significantly negative impact on inefficient scores of farms, indicating that government should provide public investment policies tailoring in training, developing well-functioned extension systems as well as enhancing education level to improve the productivity of edible canna production in Vietnam efficiently.

Biosecurity Level Practices in Pig and Poultry Production in Vietnam

Biosecurity Level Practices in Pig and Poultry Production in Vietnam

Законодательство в сфере контроля, производства и оборота алкогольной продукции в протекторатах Франции Тонкин и Аннам в конце XIX века

The article considers the initial stage of legal regulation of the production of rice spirits and thirty-degree products, established by the French administration in the protectorates of Tonkin and Annam from the 80s, 90s of the 19th century. An analysis of French sources of the 19th century reveals the colonial policy of France in the field of alcohol production in Vietnam. The proposals of Paul Bert, general resident of the French Republic, on the need to change the production of alcoholic beverages in protectorates are being considered. The Decisions of March 3, 1893 on registration, the procedure for the operation of distilleries, as well as the Decree of March 4, 1893 on sanctions for violations and certain rules of the court in force on the territory of the Tonkin protectorate are analyzed. The following is an analysis of a number of articles of the decree of October 27, 1893, in the protectorate of Annam. The legal acts issued by the Governor General of French Indochina Jean Marie de Lanessan are characterized in relation to the protectorates of Tonkin and Annam. The conclusion is drawn on the validity of a more detailed normative regulation of the production and marketing of products in the Annam protectorate, as well as general conclusions on the teleological focus of the protectorate legislation in the production of rice spirits and other low-degree products are given.

Solutions for changing production scale in the agricultural sector in Vietnam

In this paper, the authors analyze the current situation of agricultural production in Vietnam and affirm that fragmentation is one of the basic causes leading to ineffective potentials and low labor productivity. Based on this, the authors propose a number of solutions to convert small-scale production to large-scale production in order to improve labor productivity and optimally exploit resources in the agricultural sector in Vietnam today.

Evaluation of polyphenol, anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity of some Vietnamese fruits

Polyphenol-rich fruits are plant materials of interest due to the high anthocyanin content and number of antioxidant compounds. Besides, anthocyanins also possess other various beneficial properties, including antioxidant activity and mitigation of risk of circulatory diseases. In this study, different polyphenol-rich fruit species including Ficus racemosa, Fragaria ananassa, Passiflora edulis, Carissa carandas Linn, and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa were harvested and compared for total anthocyanin content, total phenolic, and antioxidant activity. Extraction conditions included solvent of 50% ethanol, material/solvent ratio of 1:5, temperature of 60°C temperature and extraction time of 30 minutes. In terms of total phenolic content, Fig fruit achieved 136.08 mg GAE/g. Among examined fruits, strawberries contained the largest amounts of anthocyanin (355.27 mg cy-3glu L−1). Passion fruit showed the highest antioxidant activity (409.89ug/mL). The results of this study are expected to contribute to further development in utilization of the said fruits and open new pathways in enhancing value of agricultural products in Vietnam.

Application of the Regression Model for Evaluating Factors Affecting Construction Workers’ Labor Productivity in Vietnam

Background: In the rapidly-developed construction industry, labor productivity has improved to a great extent, still, it is low compared with many other industries. The enhancement of labor productivity has become important that attracts much attention and focus from researchers in Vietnam and around the world. Aim: This paper focuses on key factors affecting labor productivity of construction sites in Vietnam by introducing a regression model to evaluate the extent of each factor’s impact on the labor productivity of construction workers. Methods: Ten groups of impacting factors were identified as factors relevant to construction worker, factors relevant to site operation and management, factors relevant to motivation, factors relevant to working time, factors relevant to labor working tools, factors relevant to labor working conditions, factors relevant to working safety, factors relevant to project informations, factors relevant to natural environment, and factors relevant to socio-economic conditions. Results: By referring to research results, Vietnamese construction contractors will be able to come up with workable solutions towards a better performance of construction workers. Conclusion: On that basis, the productivity of construction firms and the workers will be improved correspondingly.

A Study of Customers’ Satisfaction with Korean Dramas in Vietnam

Along with the spread of the Korean wave (Hallyu) since the 1990s, Korean dramas have become popular worldwide and became a global phenomenon. Entering the Vietnamese market from 1996, Korean dramas have been successful in both attracting audiences interest and filmmakers' attention. In order to explore the reasons behind the success of Korean films , this paper explored the factors affecting Vietnamese customers' satisfaction with Korean TV dramas. Based on research of factors affecting customer satisfaction by the authors Philip Kotler, Oliver, McColl and Truong, the authors have builded up a model to explore audience satisfaction with TV drama of 4 factors: actor (regarding popularity and appearance), script, music, and cultural images. To empirically test the hypotheses, 226 responses has been collected through an online questionnaire from November – December 2018 and tested by various statistical analyses, such as factor analysis, regression analysis, and ANOVA.
 The findings have indicated that script, music, cultural images have a correlation with Vietnamese viewers' satisfaction with Korean dramas while actors do not affect the overall satisfaction. The findings of this research may provide implications and offer suggestions to Vietnamese filmmakers on improving customer satisfaction, thereby contributing to the development of TV drama production in Vietnam.

Determinants of adoption of climate-smart agriculture technologies in rice production in Vietnam

Purpose In recent years, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) was introduced to Vietnam to enhance farmers’ resilience and adaptation to climate change. Among the climate-smart agricultural technologies (CSATs) introduced were water-saving techniques and improved stress tolerant varieties. This study aims to examine the determinants of farmers’ adoption of these technologies and the effects of their adoption on net rice income (NRI) in three provinces as follows: Thai Binh (North), Ha Tinh (Central) and Bac Lieu (South). Design/methodology/approach Determinants of adoption of CSATs and the adoption effects on NRI are analyzed by using a multinomial endogenous switching regression framework. Findings The results showed that gender, age, number of family workers, climate-related factors, farm characteristics, distance to markets, access to climate information, confidence on the know-how of extension workers, membership in social/agricultural groups and attitude toward risk were the major factors affecting the decision to adopt CSATs. However, the effects of these factors on the adoption of CSATs varied across three provinces. These technologies when adopted tend to increase NRI but the increase is much greater when these are combined. Practical implications It is important to consider first the appropriateness of the CSA packages to the specific conditions of the target areas before they are promoted. It is also necessary to enhance the technical capacity of local extension workers and provide farmers more training on CSATs. Originality/value This study is the first attempt to identify key determinants of adoption of CSATs either singly or in combination and the adoption effects on NRI in Vietnam.

Land consolidation as technical change: Economic impacts in rural Vietnam

Abstract This paper deepens the economic analysis of the effects of land consolidation – reduction of land fragmentation. It does this in the context of rural Vietnam, studying whether land consolidation promotes or hinders the Vietnamese government’s policy objectives of encouraging agricultural mechanization and stimulating the off-farm rural economy. The analysis views land consolidation as a form of technical change, making it possible to apply the rich insights developed in the economic literature on that subject. This treatment reveals that the economic impacts of land consolidation depend partly on its factor bias and partly on the degree to which labor is substitutable in production for other factors. At a theoretical level, if a technical change is factor neutral, it will reduce off-farm labor supply and slow rural structural transformation away from agriculture; if it is labor-augmenting and the elasticity of substitution between factors is low enough, the opposite effects are predicted. The paper studies these issues empirically for rice production in Vietnam, focusing on the impact that consolidation of rice land has on rice production, machinery use, and labor allocation. The findings confirm that land consolidation raises both farm productivity and farm income and stimulates increased machinery use. It also reduces farm labor supply, lowers labor intensity in farming, and thereby releases more farm labor to off-farm development, consistent with government policy objectives. Based on these findings, the paper concludes that land consolidation should be encouraged through development of land ownership rights and the promotion of land rental markets.

Evaluation of Environmental Efficiency of Edible Canna Production in Vietnam

Increasing yield while minimizing environmental pollution in agricultural production is nowadays the primary concern in agriculture-based countries, including Vietnam. This study aims to assess the environmental efficiency and technical efficiency, as well as to determine the factors influencing efficiency of edible canna farms in Backan province, by using the stochastic frontier analysis and truncated regression, respectively. Data were collected from a face-to-face interview of 346 farmers in 2017/2018 production year. The findings revealed that the average environmental efficiency score was low, of 0.57 and 0.58 for Nari and Babe districts, respectively; while the technical efficiency was found to be higher than the environmental efficiency with 0.74 for Nari district and 0.72 for Babe district. In addition, the results of the inefficient effects and truncated regression model indicated that education, extension contact, and experience individually had a significant and positive effect on efficiency scores. Hence, the government should designate policies focused on the extension system to provide training and facilitate technology transfer for farmers.

Study of Novel Endophytic Bacteria for Biocontrol of Black Pepper Root-knot Nematodes in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

Black pepper is an industrial crop with high economic and export value. However, black pepper production in Vietnam has been seriously affected by the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. The purpose of this study was to select active endophytic bacteria (EB) for the cost-effective and environmentally friendly management of Meloidogyne sp. Thirty-four EB strains were isolated. Of these, five isolates displayed the highest activity, demonstrating 100% mortality of J2 nematodes. These active EB were identified based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene; notably, all the potential endophytic bacterial strains belong to the genus of Bacillus. In greenhouse tests, Bacillus megaterium DS9 significantly reduced nematodes in the soil and pepper plant roots with great inhibition values of 81.86% and 73.11%, respectively, with the lowest rate of nematodes built up at 0.23. This active antinematodes strain also showed good effect on promoting pepper plant growth. Some enzymatic activities, including chitinase and protease activity related to the biocontrol of Meiloidogyne sp., were also detected. The results investigated in the current study suggested that these selected EB strains may be good candidates for biocontrol agents of Meloidogyne sp., and plant promoting effects. The results also enhanced the novel active antinematode endophytic bacterial communities.

Production of bioethanol from Robusta coffee pulp (Coffea robusta L.) in Vietnam

Coffee pulp is the first waste product obtained during the wet processing of coffee beans. Coffee pulp makes up nearly 40% of the total weight of the coffee cherry. Coffee pulp contains 25.88% of cellulose, 3.6% of hemicel- luloses, and 20.07% of lignin. Coffee pulp is considered as an ideal substrate of lignocellulose biomass for micro- bial fermentation to produce such value-added products as ethanol. In this study, we used alkaline pre-treatment of the coffee pulp with NaOH (0.2 g/g biomass) in a microwave system at 120°C during 20 min. This method gave the best results: 71.25% of cellulose remained, and 46.11% of hemicellulose and 76.63% of lignin were removed. After that, the pre-treated biomass was hydrolyzed by Viscozyme Cassava C (enzyme loading was 19.27 FPU/g) at 50°C for 72 hours. The results showed that the highest reducing sugars and glucose concentration after hydrolysis were 38.21 g/l and 30.36 g/l, respectively. Then, the hydrolysis solution was fermented by S. cerevisiae (3.108 cells/ml) at 30°C for 72 hours. The highest concentration of ethanol obtained was 11.28 g/l. The result illustrated that, available and non- edible as it is, coffee pulp could be a potential feedstock for bioethanol production in Vietnam.

TRANSFER MONEY POLICY THROUGH CREDIT CHANNELS IN VIETNAM

Study and examines the impact of monetary policy transmission through credit channels in Vietnam based on the research model of Sun et al. (2010). To estimate this model system, the author uses VECM method with secondary data taken from reliable sources on the situation of Vietnam consumer price index, credit growth of the economy, deposits of customers, industrial production in Vietnam, growth of M2 money supply, rediscount interest rate; VN Index from January 2008 to December 2017. The research results show that both in the short and long-term, the rediscount rate has a negative impact on the credit growth of the economy. When the State Bank of Vietnam implements an expansionary monetary policy with a discounted interest rate tool, it will have an impact on increasing the total credit supply of the economy. However, an increase in economic credit will increase economic output ( represented by Vietnam's industrial production value) in the short term; or the impact of monetary policy transmission via credit channel in Vietnam shows that there exists a short-term credit channel but does not exist in the long term.Keywords: monetary policy, credit channels, VECM methodJEL Classifications: E5, E52, E51DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.8752

Willingness to pay and actual purchase decision for organic agriculture products in Vietnam

This article aims to investigate the determinants of willingness to pay and the actual purchase decision of organic agriculture products among consumers in Vietnam, one of the emerging markets. The study uses primary survey data of 210 consumers based on the logit and ordered logit regression models. Findings/Originality: The results confirmed that consumers perceptions of external factors and product attributions, external factors (processing, packaging, and labelling, certification, supply of product), perceived health and nutrition of products, socioeconomic characteristics significantly influence on consumer’s willingness to pay and actual purchase decision for organic foods in the context of Vietnam market. These results of the study provided insights for marketers on the key variables that could be used for promoting more widespread consumption of organic foods in the country.