Medium Production Research Articles

Recall of food marketing on videogame livestreaming platforms: Associations with adolescent diet-related behaviours and health

Digital media has become an integral part of adolescents’ lives. Mirroring this trend, food and non-alcoholic beverage (hereafter: food) brands increasingly promote products in digital media to maximise reach with young consumers. Videogame livestreaming platforms, where individuals can broadcast or watch streamed videogame footage, are a growing form of digital media. The top three platforms (market share by hours watched) are Twitch (72%), YouTube Gaming (13%), and Facebook Gaming Live (9%), with a combined 34.6 billion hours watched in 2021. These platforms represent a hybridisation of two popular digital trends amongst teenagers: viewing online video content and playing videogames. On these platforms, gaming influencers promote food brands and products, with energy drinks and fast-food restaurants representing the most frequently promoted categories. Evidence suggests that food marketing via Twitch is associated with food craving, purchasing and consumption in adults. Yet, despite the evident teenage appeal and prevalence of food marketing on these platforms, research is yet to explore its associations with adolescent eating behaviour. Adolescents (n = 490, Mage = 16.81, 30.2% female) completed an online cross-sectional questionnaire exploring their recall of food marketing on the top three videogame livestreaming platforms, and relevant behavioural (purchase, consumption) and health (Body Mass Index) outcomes. Structural equation modelling was used to explore hierarchical relationships between the key variables. Results showed that recall of unhealthy food marketing on these platforms was significantly associated with purchase and consumption of marketed food categories. Attitudes towards unhealthy foods mediated this relationship. Findings are the first to demonstrate the relationships between unhealthy food marketing via videogame livestreaming platforms and adolescent eating behaviours, which has implications for the design of policies to restrict digital food marketing to young people.

Media monitoring: advertising for tobacco and related products in social media

1. Directive 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3. April 2014 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products and repealing Directive 2001/37/EC. Official Journal of the European Union: p. L 127/1-L 127/38. Google Scholar

A new isolation method for bacterial extracellular vesicles providing greater purity and improved proteomic detection of vesicle proteins

AbstractContaminants within cell culture media often co‐isolate with eukaryotic extracellular vesicles (EVs) thus affecting their biological properties. It has yet to be investigated if this is also true for bacterial EVs (BEVs), especially for organisms grown in complex culture media containing animal‐derived products. To address this question, we isolated BEVs from the fastidious bacterium Helicobacter pylori grown in either standard Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium or BHI depleted of animal‐derived products (D‐BHI). We show that BEVs prepared from bacteria grown in D‐BHI medium have similar morphologies, size ranges and yields to those prepared from standard medium. Similarly, no differences were found in the ability of H. pylori BEVs to induce IL‐8 responses in epithelial cells. However, H. pylori BEVs prepared from D‐BHI medium were of higher purity than those prepared from standard medium. Importantly, proteomic analyses detected 3.4‐fold more H. pylori proteins and 10‐fold fewer bovine‐derived proteins in BEV samples prepared from D‐BHI rather than the standard method. Fifty‐seven H. pylori proteins were uniquely detected in BEV samples prepared from D‐BHI. In conclusion, we have described an improved method for BEV isolation. Furthermore, we demonstrate how animal‐derived products in bacteriological culture media may adversely affect proteomic analyses of BEVs.

Valorization of pineapple peel waste for fungal pigment production using Talaromyces albobiverticillius: Insights into antibacterial, antioxidant and textile dyeing properties

The present study explores natural pigments as sustainable alternatives to synthetic textile dyes. Due to their therapeutic applications and easy production, fungal pigments have gained attention. However, data on pigment production using solid-state fermentation and optimization is limited. Milk whey was used to grow Talaromyces sp., followed by an evaluation of pigment production in solid and liquid media. Pineapple peels were used as a cost-effective substrate for pigment production, and a one-factor-at-a-time approach was used to enhance pigment production. Pineapple peel-based media produced 0.523 ± 0.231 mg/g of pigment after eight days of incubation. The crude pigment had promising antibacterial and significant antioxidant properties. The extraction fungal pigment's possible use as an eco-friendly textile dye was assessed through fabric dyeing experiments with different mordants. This work contributes to the valorization of agricultural waste and provides insight into using fungal pigments as sustainable alternatives to synthetic textile dyes.

Carbon Black‐Supported Single‐Atom CoNC as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for H2O2 Production in Acidic Media and Microbial Fuel Cell in Neutral Media

AbstractSingle metal atom isolated in nitrogen‐doped carbon materials (MNC) are effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which produces H2O2 or H2O via 2‐electron or 4‐electron process. However, most of MNC catalysts can only present high selectivity for one product, and the selectivity is usually regulated by complicated structure design. Herein, a carbon black‐supported CoNC catalyst (CB@CoNC) is synthesized. Tunable 2‐electron/4‐electron behavior is realized on CB@Co‐N‐C by utilizing its H2O2 yield dependence on electrolyte pH and catalyst loading. In acidic media with low catalyst loading, CB@CoNC presents excellent mass activity and high selectivity for H2O2 production. In flow cell with gas diffusion electrode, a H2O2 production rate of 5.04 mol h−1 g−1 is achieved by CB@CoNC on electrolyte circulation mode, and a long‐term H2O2 production of 200 h is demonstrated on electrolyte non‐circulation mode. Meanwhile, CB@CoNC exhibits a dominant 4‐electron ORR pathway with high activity and durability in pH neutral media with high catalyst loading. The microbial fuel cell using CB@CoNC as the cathode catalyst shows a peak power density close to that of benchmark Pt/C catalyst.

The power of the business media: Evidence from firm‐level productivity

AbstractWe examine the impact of media coverage on firm‐level productivity and find that firms with higher media coverage are associated with higher productivity. Using the launch of Barron's Online as a quasi‐shock to media coverage, we document that this relationship is causal. Further exploration shows that the positive media–productivity relationship is stronger for firms with weaker governance mechanisms and for those with higher levels of information asymmetry. We also identify an increase in reputational and career concerns and a reduction in managerial shirking as channels through which media coverage affects firm‐level productivity. The results are robust to alternative explanations and endogeneity concerns. Overall, our findings suggest that media coverage reduces managerial opportunism, and thus enhances resource deployment decisions.

Effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation in freshwater media

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving the ratio of Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) with different doses on the growth of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in freshwater media. This research was conducted by experimental method using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The parameter studied was how the effect of the addition of Ca(OH)2 and Magnesium Sulfat (MgSO4) lime with different doses in the maintenance container with 5 treatments and 3 replications, so that 15 experiments were obtained. The treatments applied were: Treatment 1 (P1) Seawater without the addition of calcium and magnesium, P2 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2, P3 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 40 ppm MgSO4, P4 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 80 ppm MgSO4, and P5 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 120 ppm MgSO4. The results showed that the highest survival rate using fresh water was at P4 which was 82%, the specific weight growth rate was 3.9%, and the specific length growth rate was 2.6%. the value of the feed conversion ratio is 0.8. For water quality parameters, the temperature ranges from 30.4-30.60C, water pH 7.2-8.2, DO 6.4-6.6 mg/L, Alkalinity 68-72 ppm, and Ammonia 0.1 mg /L.Keywords: Ca(OH)2; Freshwater; MgSO4; Vannamei Shrimp

Strategies to enhance lipid productivity in microalgae: Role of cell disruption and media composition

The major bottleneck in biofuel production from microalgae is the optimization of biomass productivity, lipid productivity, and the lipid extraction process. The diverse cell structure of microalgae results in variation in algal growth and the yield of intracellular content. Therefore, it is quintessential to study the algae thoroughly under varied pretreatment and extraction conditions in order to make downstream processing affordable and cost-effective in large-scale production. In this study, Chaetophora sp., Microchaete sp., and Nostoc sp., isolated from a freshwater pond, were subjected to various physical and chemical disruption techniques to extract lipid. Further, the effects of nitrate and phosphate concentrations on biomass and lipid productivity were statistically assessed. Lipid yield was higher when algal cells were subjected to sonication and microwave disruption followed by extraction using a modified Folch’s method. The BBM supplemented with 0.125 g l−1 of sodium nitrate, 37.5×10−3 g l−1 of dipotassium phosphate, and 87.5×10−3 g l−1 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was found to be ideal for cultivating Chaetophora sp. for the purpose of biofuel. While Microchaete sp. and Nostoc sp. showed better biomass and lipid productivity in BG11 media supplemented with 7.5 g l−1 of sodium nitrate and 37.5×10−3 g l−1 of potassium phosphate.

Effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation in freshwater media

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving the ratio of Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) with different doses on the growth of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in freshwater media. This research was conducted by experimental method using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The parameter studied was how the effect of the addition of Ca(OH)2 and Magnesium Sulfat (MgSO4) lime with different doses in the maintenance container with 5 treatments and 3 replications, so that 15 experiments were obtained. The treatments applied were: Treatment 1 (P1) Seawater without the addition of calcium and magnesium, P2 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2, P3 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 40 ppm MgSO4, P4 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 80 ppm MgSO4, and P5 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 120 ppm MgSO4. The results showed that the highest survival rate using fresh water was at P4 which was 82%, the specific weight growth rate was 3.9%, and the specific length growth rate was 2.6%. the value of the feed conversion ratio is 0.8. For water quality parameters, the temperature ranges from 30.4-30.60C, water pH 7.2-8.2, DO 6.4-6.6 mg/L, Alkalinity 68-72 ppm, and Ammonia 0.1 mg /L.Keywords: Ca(OH)2; Freshwater; MgSO4; Vannamei Shrimp

Superior efficiency hydrogen peroxide production in acidic media through epoxy group adjacent to Co-O/C active centers on carbon black

The coordination environment of transition metals in single-atom catalysts (SACs) is crucial for tuning the pathway of the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, it is significantly difficult to simultaneously and precisely control the first and second coordination structure near the metal active center. Herein, we report that the activated carbon black was used to anchor transition metals’ single atoms with a similar first and second coordination structure. As a result, Co-SACs exhibit an extraordinary performance for ORR to produce H2O2, where a current density of around ∼2.8 mA cm−2 at 0.1 V vs RHE by rotating ring-disk electrodes and a high yield rate of 110.2 mmol gmetal−1 h−1 at the potential of 0.3 V vs RHE in a gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) cell, with a high positive onset potential of 0.65 V vs RHE and a >80% selectivity of H2O2 at the potential range from 0.25 to 0.65 V vs RHE, respectively. The combined experimental observations and theoretical calculations indicate that the catalytic active center lies in the Co-C3/O1 moiety of the adjacent epoxy group. The possible position of the epoxy group in the second coordination sphere was further revealed. Moreover, Co-SACs were employed in an electrocatalytic GDEs cell for distributed generation of H2O2 in the acidic media, and coupling Fe-SACs-based Fenton filter or electro-Fenton setup with the H2O2 electrolytic generator delivers an efficient and distributable wastewater treatment system. Our study provides a promising and alternative route for on-site H2O2 production coupling the practical application process.

The Problem of Speech Culture in Mass Media

The author of this article is concerned about the preservation of the culture of speech in modern mass media (press, radio, television, Internet sites, social networks) and discuss its main causes and consequences. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that scientists pay attention to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the media language and the problems of its deviation from the literary language norm. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of the media language on the state of the Kazakh language as a whole and to find out how and to what extent this influence occurs, to analyze errors in the composition of the Kazakh media text. With the help of the research material, it is possible to determine the level of changes in the Kazakh language by conducting grammatical and lexical analysis. The main hypothesis is that errors in the language of the media affect the Kazakh language through the media, including through social networks, at all linguistic levels, especially by changing grammatical and lexical rules. The theoretical significance of the study is that the speech practice of modern mass media is actively developing, and, on the one hand, the number of text materials appearing in the field of mass media is increasing, and on the other hand, these texts have many errors that affect the status of language and speech, which are not so obvious to society. These consequences are characterized by the appearance of new newspapers and magazines, completely different in content and nature of the development of speech culture of new TV and radio programs, etc. In the speech practice of society as a whole, the share of speech products of mass media is increasing, the importance of mass media texts in the public consciousness is increasing: at present, the main importance of literary texts is indisputable. All of the above in this study boils down to the fact that a high level of speech culture in the field of mass media should be provided not only by linguists, but also by practitioners who form the vocabulary of the language of mass media. The study used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and deduction in the process of studying and systematizing theoretical material.

Ultralow-voltage hydrogen production and simultaneous Rhodamine B beneficiation in neutral wastewater

Electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production is hampered by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and large power consumption and replacing the OER with thermodynamically favourable reactions can improve the energy conversion efficiency. Since iron corrodes easily and even self-corrodes to form magnetic iron oxide species and generate corrosion currents, a novel strategy to integrate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with waste Fe upgrading reaction (FUR) is proposed and demonstrated for energy-efficient hydrogen production in neutral media. The heterostructured MoSe2/MoO2 grown on carbon cloth (MSM/CC) shows superior HER performance to that of commercial Pt/C at high current densities. By replacing conventional OER with FUR, the potential required to afford the anodic current density of 10 mA cm−2 decreases by 95%. The HER/FUR overall reaction shows an ultralow voltage of 0.68 V for 10 mA cm−2 with a power equivalent of 2.69 kWh per m3 H2. Additionally, the Fe species formed at the anode extract the Rhodamine B (RhB) pollutant by flocculation and also produce nanosized magnetic powder and beneficiated RhB for value-adding applications. This work demonstrates both energy-saving hydrogen production and pollutant recycling without carbon emission by a single system and reveals a new direction to integrate hydrogen production with environmental recovery to achieve carbon neutrality.

Phase Segregation in Cu0.5 Ni0.5 Alloy Boosting Urea-Assisted Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Media.

Coupling urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is promising for energy-efficient hydrogen production. However, developing cheap and highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall urea electrolysis remains challenging. In this work, a metastable Cu0.5 Ni0.5 alloy is synthesized by a one-step electrodeposition method. It only requires the potentials of 1.33 and -28mV to obtain the current density of ±10mA cm-2 for UOR and HER, respectively. The metastable alloy is considered to be the main reason causing the above excellent performances. In the alkaline medium, the as-prepared Cu0.5 Ni0.5 alloy exhibits good stability for HER; and conversely, NiOOH species can be rapidly formed during the UOR due to the phase segregation of Cu0.5 Ni0.5 alloy. In particular, for the energy-saving hydrogen generation system coupled with HER and UOR, only 1.38V of voltage is needed at 10mA cm-2 ; and at 100mA cm-2 , the voltage decreases by ≈305mV compared with that of the routine water electrolysis system (HER || OER). Compared with some catalysts reported recently, the Cu0.5 Ni0.5 catalyst owns superior electrocatalytic activity and durability. Furthermore, this work provides a simple, mild, and rapid method for designing highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts toward urea-supporting overall water splitting.

Nd-Gd–Platinum doped TiO2 nanotube arrays catalyst for water splitting in Alkaline Medium

The utilization of a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) plays an important role in energy conversion in regard to the development of hydrogen-based clean energy sources. The HER in alkaline media by co-doped lanthanide-platinum TiO2 Nanotube Arrays (TNTA) catalyst electrodes has yet to be studied. Here, we report the robust fabrication of an electrocatalyst and its prominent performance in catalyzing the HER. The catalyst electrode consisted of TiO2 nanotube arrays doped with rare earth metals (neodymium (Nd) and gadolinium (Gd)) and a small loading of Pt metal as double-layer nanotube arrays. This material was obtained by a two-step electrochemical anodization method using a small amount of fluoride salt and a short time of mechanical growth. Additionally, an in situ doping strategy that utilized a hydrothermal treatment for the ternary and quaternary ions of Nd, Gd and Pt was performed, while retaining the anatase phase. The Nd-Gd-TNTA catalyst electrode produced a current density of −47.522 µA cm−2 and exhibited a low activation energy of approximately 2.15 kJ/mol. The Nd-Gd-Pt-TNTA catalyst electrode is the best candidate for supporting the HER and advancing water splitting techniques for high-purity hydrogen production in alkaline media.

Phosphorus Optimized Metastable Hexagonal‐Close‐Packed Phase Nickel for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Neutral Media

AbstractDirect synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through electrochemical oxygen reduction has gained close attention yet remains a great challenge due to the slow kinetics. Herein, combining with the virtues of the native high energy state and fascinating surface environment of metastable materials and doping strategy, an efficient phosphorus‐optimized metastable hexagonal‐close‐packed phase nickel catalyst (P‐hcp Ni), belonging to the space group (P63/mmc, 194), with P doping is demonstrated. Significantly, it achieves high selectivity of 97% and a high intrinsic turnover frequency of 2.34 s−1, much better than those of the stable face‐centered‐cubic Ni catalyst. It also displays high stability with remaining in the metastable phase after the stability test. More importantly, P‐hcp Ni also achieves a productivity of 4917.2 mmol gNi−1 h−1 and an accumulated concentration of (H2O2) of 2.38 mol L−1 after 130 h stability test in pure water with a solid electrolyte. Further investigation reveals that the P doping not only greatly enhances the stability of metastable phase, but also weakens the *OOH adsorption on the active site, promoting the high production of H2O2 in the neutral media.

Bioorthogonal catalysis in complex media: Consequences of using polymeric scaffold materials on catalyst stability and activity

Bioorthogonal catalysis using transition-metal-based complexes (TMCs) is a promising approach for converting substrates to desired products in complex cellular media. Notably, the in situ activation of prodrugs or synthesis of active drugs with the aim to complement existing treatments in diseases such as cancer has received significant attention. Whereas the focus has initially been on optimizing ligands to enhance the activity and stability of the metal complexes, more recently the benign effects of compartmentalization of the catalyst into homogeneous or heterogeneous scaffolds have been unveiled. Such tailor-made carrier materials not only afford active catalysts but also permit to guide the catalyst to the site of interest in in vivo applications. This review will emphasize the potential of synthetic amphiphilic polymers that form compartmentalized nanostructures for TMCs. The use of amphiphilic polymers is well established in the field of nanomedicine for i.e. drug delivery purposes, but their application as homogeneous carrier materials for TMCs has been less well explored. Since synthetic polymers are readily functionalized with ligands and targeting moieties, they can act as versatile catalysts carriers. After a short overview of the state-of-the-art in bioorthogonal catalysis using ligand-based TMCs, we summarize the advances in using homogeneous natural polymers as scaffolds and synthetic heterogeneous carrier materials for bioorthogonal catalysis. We end this review by highlighting the recent advances of catalysis in complex media using TMCs embedded in nanostructures formed by amphiphilic synthetic polymers. The combination of polymer science and homogeneous catalysis with the field of nanomedicine may open up new opportunities for advancing the exciting field of bioorthogonal catalysis for therapeutic applications.

Undefined xylose media extracted from biorefinery waste for enhanced and eco‐friendly production of cephalosporin C by Acremonium chrysogenumM35

AbstractXylose‐rich undefined broth, extracted from the dilute acid pretreatment wastes of barley straw, serves as resourceful media for Acremonium chrysogenum M35 culture and production of cephalosporin C (CPC). Concentrating the extract with proper reprocessing enables to prepare various concentrations of xylose broth (2%–8%). The undefined xylose media were prepared for CPC production from A. chrysogenum M35 by the addition of other nutrients. Cell growth and CPC production were the most effective at 6% xylose and additional 2% glycerol, with maximum CPC production of 9.07 g/L after 6 days, which is higher production than that in defined media prepared with laboratory‐level nutrients and reagents. Investigation of autotrophic and reverse trans‐sulfuration pathways for cysteine synthesis, a limited element of three precursors for CPC synthesis, supports the enhanced CPC production in undefined media. Abundance of xylose ensures a maintained NADPH concentration required for sulfate reduction and synthesis of amino sulfide such as cysteine. Cystathionine‐γ‐lyase activity profiling indicated more efficient biosynthesis in undefined media than in other cultures use glycerol and glucose, and the biosynthesis pathway of CPC production by the cephalosporin gene cluster (i.e. pcbC and cefG genes) was investigated. The process using undefined xylose media was designed, and process simulation program confirmed our results.

ВПЛИВ ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОГО ВТОРГНЕННЯ РОСІЇ НА ТЕМАТИЧНУ ТА ЖАНРОВУ ПАЛІТРУ ТЕЛЕБАЧЕННЯ: РЕГІОНАЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТ

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study </em></strong><em>is to identify trends in the thematic and genre transformation of broadcasts and individual audiovisual products of regional TV channels of Kyiv («Kyiv») and Lviv («NTA») after a full-scale invasion.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> Empirical and theoretical research methods were used in the research process. In particular, these are methods of analysis of television products of regional media, comparison of television products before and after the war, as well as in several media, content analysis of individual television materials and observation. At the first stage of the research, the method of analyzing theoretical sources and already published studies on the topic of regional TV channels, their activity and level of development, response to events taking place in the region, the state and the world was used. During the second stage, specific television materials and broadcasts of individual regional TV channels of Ukraine were analyzed in terms of genre and thematic changes after the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine – that is, after February 24, 2022.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> Regional TV channels remain an important source of information for residents of individual Ukrainian regions, an audience that trusts these media and constantly follows their news. It is such broadcasters who distribute important informational, artistic and analytical audiovisual products on local, national and global topics through a regional prism. The war, as the number one topic in the public life of Ukraine and one of the leading and most discussed topics far beyond its borders, somehow made corrections not only in the functioning of the media themselves, but also in their thematic content and genre diversity. </em></p><p><em>As a result, regional TV channels have changed the broadcast network, creating audiovisual products, primarily on the topic of war, post-war changes, support for internally displaced persons, and the world’s reaction to the events in Ukraine. At the same time, moving away from the previously most used informational and analytical genres, expanding their list and diluting it with artistic genres.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The novelty of the work consists in the analysis of how regional broadcasters (television channels) react to the cardinal social and political changes in the life of the state – a full-scale war, try to continue to provide the informational needs of their audience, while at the same time moving away from the previously approved telecasts, dividing topics by importance and enrichment and change of genre diversity used in television broadcasting. Research can be used for further analyzes and observations of the level of development and formation of regional (local) TV channels of Ukraine, their contribution to the information war and counter-propaganda of Russian lies.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical meaning.</em></strong><em> The results of this study can be used by journalism experts when studying the peculiarities of television broadcasting in Ukraine during military operations, taking into account the regional aspect.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> television, war, regional channels, genres.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

Encapsulation of Diiodo‐BODIPY in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Stabilized Cellulose Acetate Capsules for Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Production in Aqueous Solution

AbstractAs drug delivery vehicles, polymeric capsules have become highly versatile structures to protect the active substrate from degradation, improve biocompatibility, and provide controlled release. In particular, encapsulation could become an efficient technique to implement these materials in physiological media if the active substrate is an insoluble compound in an aqueous solution. Herein, an iodinated BODIPY derivative as a photosensitizer (PS) was encapsulated in a cellulose acetate (CA) polymer via a precipitation method with 50.8–71.8 % of encapsulation efficiency to enable the singlet oxygen production (1O2) in aqueous media. The prepared PS/CA capsules were stable for 10 days in PBS buffer with PdI values between 0.264–0.698 and produced 1O2 under 532 nm LED light efficiently. This work discusses the size effects of PS‐loaded CA capsules on stability in solution, photophysical property, encapsulation efficiency, thermal stability, leakage behavior, and PDT activity. Additionally, under different UV light doses, the 1O2 generation of the PS/CA capsules were studied systematically.

The Print Media and the Evolution of Third-Generation Nigerian Poetry

Previous literary scholarship and critical allusions to the evolution of Nigerian literature have unanimously acknowledged the emergence of a third generation of Nigerian poetry. This development which gained accentuation between 1980 and 2000, threw up an avalanche of successors to the second-generation poets, notably: Odia Ofeimun, Tanure Ojaide, Niyi Osundare, Okinba Launko, Catherine Acholonu and Omolara Ogundipe-Leslie. Despite the visible numerical strength of this new generation of writers; their aggregate prolificity and their gross contribution to our national creative output, adequate seminal attention has not been paid to the role of the print media in the catalysation of this milieu. This study, therefore, situates the third generation of Nigerian poets and their works, within the context that they are bonafide products of the print media. They sprouted and flourished in an era where creative activity, triggered by national socio-economic realities, bloomed without collateral and commensurate outlets for the expression of this creative outburst. They have continued to sustain the richness and robustness of Nigeria’s poetic traditions. Their continuing commitment to socio-political engagements has reinforced the enterprise of preceding generations. This study will constitute a veritable reference material on the emerging corpus of critical discourse on the evolution of Nigerian poetry, deriving from the pages of Nigerian newspapers, en route to the 20th century.