Community Production Research Articles

Productivity of the Bakchar bog plant communities in the initial stages of pyrogenic succession (southern taiga of Western Siberia)

The results of a study on the productivity of plant communities after a crown fire in a drained oligotrophic bog in the southern taiga of Western Siberia are presented. A quantitative assessment of biological productivity in areas with varying degrees of pyrogenic disturbance is given. The reserves of the grass-shrub and moss layers in the most disturbed area in the second year of restoration amounted to 1220 g/m2, production was 324 g/m2 per year; in the third year, reserves increased to 1635 g/m2 and production increased to 1038 g/m2 per year due to the growth of blueberries, while the production in the control site with high reserves of living phytomass (2200 g/m2) amounted to 745 g/m2 per year. There was a change in the structure of the phytomass, compaction of the deposit by 34%, and an increase in the mortmass of vascular plants by three times. The living mass of roots in the disturbed area concentrated in the upper layer of 0–10 cm, while it was distributed in the control area in the layer of 10–30 cm. It was found that the roots of dead pines retain the morphological characteristics of living ones during the first two years and pass into the fraction of dead roots on the third year of pyrogenic succession. Carbon losses during burning of the top layer of tow up to 20 cm amounted to 3016 g C/m2, 500 g/m2 of which can be buried as a layer of coal in peat.

Grazing and precipitation addition interactions alleviate dominant species overgrowth and promote community productivity and biodiversity in a typical steppe

Grazing and precipitation are pivotal factors influencing the productivity and biodiversity of grassland ecosystems, largely through their effects on the growth and reproduction of dominant species. Approximately 50 % of terrestrial ecosystems are concurrently affected by grazing and precipitation addition (PA), yet the interactive effects of these factors remain underexplored. To elucidate the combined impacts of grazing and PA on the growth of dominant species and their influence on community structure and function, we initiated a four-year combined grazing and PA experiment based on a long term of grazing experiment in a typical steppe. The synergistic interaction between PA and grazing enhanced canopy diameter (CD), tiller density (TD), and seedling density (SD) in dominant species, while decreasing reproductive branch density (RB). Conversely, an antagonistic interaction increased plant height (PH) and TD but reduced SD. These responses suggest that dominant species adapt to combined grazing and PA pressures by shifting growth strategies towards lateral growth and asexual reproduction. The growth characteristics of dominant species exhibited four response patterns to grazing and PA interactions: full saturation, sufficient saturation, equal saturation, and deficit saturation, each with three corresponding thresholds: adaptation, optimum, and saturation points. Grazing decreased the precipitation response thresholds for PH, CD, RB, and population density, while increasing the optimal points for TD and SD. These changes in the growth of the dominant species resulted in a 33 % reduction in the aboveground biomass (AGB) of the community and triggered a 18 % increase in the coupling index between AGB and species richness within the community. Our findings highlight the role of dominant species in facilitating community adaptation to increased precipitation and rotational grazing, offering critical insights for developing sustainable grazing strategies under climate change.

Integration of Local Cultural Knowledge in the Community Products Design and Development

integration of local cultural knowledge in community products through the framework of cultural capital and wisdom across eight categories. A qualitative method involved in-depth interviews with 30 individuals, including 15 entrepreneurs and 15 cultural experts selected from five target communities. The findings reveal the context of local cultural knowledge available in the communities, and the integration of local cultural knowledge being integrated into the community product development processes. It is also found that despite the presence of diverse local cultures, these cultural resources are underutilized in product design and development due to a lack of knowledge and awareness regarding the significance of product identity.

Development of Local Cultural Woven Textile Product to Contemporary Fashion Product

This research has purpose to take local woven or “Pahkahmah” which is a cultural product of the local woven of Nong Kao district in Kanchanaburi province of Thailand to develop for and applying with contemporary fashion design in order to increase its value. The process of creation in this research has 5 steps as 1. Create concept and inspiration 2. Design collections for the improved textiles 3. Create decoration technique for the improved textile and collections 4. Create the prototype collections and products 5. Evaluate satisfactory for the prototype collection and products. The improved textiles were used in making 3 collections of fashion apparels and costume accessories in street fashion for present lifestyle. Knowledge to improved and develop local Pahkahmah woven textile and the idea from prototype collections and products from this research was relayed to makers of Pahkahmah woven textile in Nong Kao district, Kanchanaburi province. Evaluation for satisfactory to the creative idea and developed textile products by representatives of Pahkahmah woven textile maker community and consumers revealed average score 4.45 with standard deviation 0.27. Knowledge from this research become a guideline for sustainable development and innovative idea for increasing commercial value to the local Pahkahma woven products of Nong Kao district community.

Assessment of Annual Litterfall of Woody Plant Community in Southern Thorn Forest, Tirunelveli, Peninsular India

The biological phenomenon, litterfall acts as a connection between tree canopy and substratum of the habitats, influencing the concentration of vital soil nutrients thereby contributing to the tree growth and forest productivity. Information on litter generation of tropical forests including tropical thorn forest is lacking. Therefore, the current study was conducted to find annual litterfall of tree community existing within a Reserve Forest in Tirunelveli, India. A field ecological study was carried out to find annual litter production of woody plant community. Litter traps were kept randomly across the forest to assess the litter production. The litter fallen in each trap was collected separately on monthly basis for one calendar year. The collected litter was separated in to four different classes viz., leaf, wood, amorphous and reproductive organs. The relationship of climatic variables with litterfall was estimated by Pearson’s simple correlation test. The annual litter generation of the study area was estimated at 8.058 tons ha-1 y-1. The amount of total fallen and four classes litter per month varied significantly. In addition, litterfall did not show any significant relationship with the mean monthly temperature (p = 0.128; r2= 0.216) and monthly rainfall (p = 0.817; r2 = 0.0056). The deciduous species accounted for 95% (3.449 tons ha-1) of total annual leaf litterfall. Among four litter classes, the leaf litter accounted for 45.05%. The quantity of annual litterfall recorded from present study area is comparable with other tropical dry forests. The present study concentrated on limited forest areas, further studies with larger study area are needed to quantify the actual annual litter generation of southern thorn forests flourishing in various districts of Tamil Nadu.

Caracterización sociocultural y económica de producción de ovinos en comunidades indígenas, Tungurahua - Ecuador

Sheep production in Ecuador is mostly for self-consumption in rural areas and especially in indigenous communities, although some marketing practices may eventually be implemented with products derived from sheep farming, such as milk and wool, which, in addition come into play in the processes of sustaining cultural traditions. Starting from this conviction, this article aims to describe the sociocultural and economic characteristics of sheep production in the indigenous communities of the province of Tungurahua, among which the communities stand out, within the study area: Quisapincha, Tomabela, Chibuleos and the Salasacas. The methodology that guides the research is qualitative, with a documentary and field design, since it is, on the one hand, exposing some sociocultural features of the study population, as well as specifying economic variables of sheep production in the region. . The theoretical review shows the importance of sheep farming as a source of income for a good number of people from the indigenous communities in the country, also representing a factor of preservation of the native cultures settled in regions such as the Tungurahua Province. Among the conclusions derived from empirical observation, it can be added that in the indigenous sectors of the province, there is evidence of a lack of knowledge of the basic health systems that must be implemented on their farms, which affects production and the economic strength of production.

Effects of alligator weed invasion on wetlands in protected areas: A case study of Lishui Jiulong National Wetland Park

Wetlands are one of the ecosystems most easily and severely invaded by alien species. Biological invasions can have significant impacts on local plant communities and ecosystem functioning. While numerous studies have assessed the impacts of biological invasions on wetlands, relatively few have been conducted in protected areas such as national wetland parks. We conducted a field survey to investigate the effects of the invasive herb Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) on the productivity and structure of plant communities and soil microbial communities in the Lishui Jiulong National Wetland Park in Zhejiang, China. We also examined the potential influence of the distance to the river edge on the impact of the alligator weed invasion. The alligator weed invasion significantly altered the plant community structure. It reduced the coverage of co-occurring plant species, including native (−31.2 %), invasive (−70.1 %), and non-invasive alien plants (−58.4 %). However, it increased species richness by 50 %, Pielou's evenness by 20 %, and Simpson's diversity index by 29.1 % for the overall plant community. Furthermore, within the community not invaded by alligator weed, increasing the distance to the river edge decreased the number of native plants by 57.0 % and the aboveground biomass of other invasive plants by 78.6 %. Contrary to expectations, no effects of the alligator weed invasion were observed on soil fungal and bacterial communities. Therefore, the impacts of the alligator weed invasion varied with spatial context and plant category, emphasizing the need to consider multiple scales and environmental factors when assessing the effects of invasive species on plant biodiversity. These insights enhance our understanding of plant invasions in wetlands and can guide the development of effective management strategies for these important ecosystems.

Thermal chemical pretreatment of waste-activated sludge for enhanced solubilization and biogas production: a review

ABSTRACT Waste-activated sludge (WAS) generation is increasing due to the increased generation of wastewater owing to industrialization and urbanization. The disposal of WAS is a significant environmental and financial concern that can be offset by stabilization and valorization via anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the biodegradation is limited due to microbial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Physical, chemical, biological, and hybrid pretreatments and the addition of accelerant materials for enhancing direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) are among the strategies to overcome the poor biodegradation of WAS. Alkaline pretreatment disintegrates the floc structure of WAS by increasing the osmotic pressure, while microwave irradiation has thermal and a-thermal effects and increases the availability of organics for biodegradation. Moreover, the combination of alkaline and thermal pretreatments has synergic effects on solubilization, biogas production, and dewaterability. The disintegration of WAS is recognized by alteration in volatile solid (VS) content, sCOD, BOD/sCOD, turbidity, nutrients solubilization, dewaterability, particle size, specific surface area, change functional group, alteration in microorganism community, microorganism abundance, color, moisture content, lag phase, and biogas production. Higher doses of pretreatment increase COD solubilization but not biodegradable COD. Maximum COD solubilization ranged from 2 to 37% in alkaline, 21 to 260% in the microwave (MW), and 28 to 624% in hybrid pretreatments.

The artefact from Kwiatków: the earliest spur featuring a zoomorphic motif from the slavic lands

Abstract In 2014, a fragment of a spur was discovered at the site in Kwiatków, Turek District, Brudzew Commune, within section G75, in mechanical layer I. This artefact likely originated from an early medieval burial ground located nearby, with its original site possibly altered due to intensive farming. The presented spur exemplifies extraordinary craftsmanship. This paper is a case study, the purpose of which is to examine the title artefact, while referencing other analogous discoveries. The uniqueness of this artefact lies in the absence of direct parallels to other objects featuring horse motifs of similar chronology. Consequently, an effort has been made to compare the spurs from Kwiatków with those of the Lutomiersk type, specimens with hooked fastenings, and artefacts unrelated to equestrian equipment. Furthermore, an analysis of the ornamentation, including its significance and manufacturing technique, has been conducted. The artefact has also undergone laboratory testing. The results obtained from XRF spectrometry, carried out at the Conservation and Dating Laboratory of the Institute of Archaeology, University of Łódź, were correlated with the results of studies of spurs from Pomerania, Silesia, the upper Elbe River area, and Moravia. Specialised examinations of the Kwiatków spur revealed the presence of zinc as an alloying element. This paper also delves into the manufacturing techniques of the Kwiatków artefact, utilising current findings on the specificity of early medieval crafts. This spur contributes to a collection of similar discoveries associated with the products of communities inhabiting the West Slavic lands. Fragmentarily preserved and lacking contextual dating, the Kwiatków spur has no precise analogues in Polish lands to date. An attempt to classify the artefact resulted in its assignment to technotype I according to J. Żak, suggesting a chronology between the 8th and 9th centuries, corresponding to the pottery found at the Kwiatków site. The presence of these materials and of the title artefact, potentially linked to an early medieval cemetery, significantly enhances our understanding of this period in history.

Implementasi Program Simpan Pinjam Perempuan (SPP) Di BUMDESMA Tirta Mandiri Kecamatan Tirtoyudo

Joint Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDESMA) are business entities owned and managed by several or more villages. Law No. 6 of 2014 as the basis for the establishment of BUMDESMA. BUMDESMA is a forum for villages that have not been able to establish their own BUMDES. The Women's Savings and Loans Program of the Joint Village-Owned Enterprises (Bumdesma) Tirta Mandiri, Tirtoyudo District is the main topic of this research. The aim is to increase the benefits of the economic resources of the village community, increase the economy of the residents, and increase the original income of the village. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach that includes interviews, observations, and documentation. The effectiveness and efficiency of its implementation are examined in this study. The research respondents were the community and Bumdesma administrators. Based on the results of this study, the Bumdesma Women's Savings and Loans program has a positive impact on the economy, investment, and productivity of the village community, as well as the emergence of various services and other types of businesses that contribute to community welfare. Bumdesma also develops savings and loans for women who have not been able to access banking and other activities that are oriented towards benefits that can be felt by as many people as possible in Tirtoyudo.

Soil biota modulate the effects of microplastics on biomass and diversity of plant communities

Abstract The use of biodegradable plastics has been proposed as an alternative to mitigate the pollution problem caused by traditional non‐biodegradable plastics. However, the relative impacts of both types of microplastics on plant community productivity and diversity is not known. Moreover, it is unclear whether soil biota can differentially mediate the impacts of biodegradable and non‐biodegradable microplastics on plant communities. In this study, we investigated the effects of biodegradable and non‐biodegradable microplastics on plant community biomass production and diversity, and whether soil biota mediate these effects. We employed a fully crossed factorial design, growing six plant communities in the presence or absence of 10 individual microplastics, and in live soil versus sterilized soil. We hypothesized that: (1) Biodegradable microplastics have a less negative effect on plant community biomass production and diversity compared to non‐biodegradable microplastics. (2) Soil biota differentially mediate the effects of biodegradable and non‐biodegradable microplastics on plant community biomass production and diversity. Statistical analyses that included all 10 microplastics yielded two main findings. First, live soil ameliorated the negative effects of biodegradable microplastics on community shoot biomass. Second, the presence of microplastics, rather than their biodegradability, significantly reduced community diversity. Separate analyses of individual microplastics suggest that these patterns were driven by specific microplastics. The biodegradable microplastic polybutylene succinate (PBS) was the main driver of the pattern observed in community shoot biomass. In contrast, the biodegradable microplastic polycaprolactone (PCL) and non‐biodegradable microplastics ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were the main drivers of the pattern observed in community diversity. Further analyses excluding PBS from the global models, but including the other nine microplastics, revealed no significant differences in community shoot biomass and diversity between biodegradable and non‐biodegradable microplastics in live versus sterilized soil. Synthesis and applications. Our findings suggest that biodegradable microplastics, often considered environmentally friendly, are not necessarily less harmful than non‐biodegradable microplastics to the growth and diversity of plant communities. Some individual biodegradable microplastics, such as PBS, still pose significant ecological risks to plant community structure and productivity. However, the results also suggest that soil biota may mitigate the negative effects of some biodegradable microplastics.

Deciphering the differences of bacterial communities between high- and low-productive wheat fields using high-throughput sequencing.

Microbial communities have been demonstrated to be essential for healthy and productive soil ecosystems. However, an understanding of the relationship between soil microbial community and soil productivity levels is remarkably limited. In this study, bulk soil (BS), rhizosphere soil (RS), and root (R) samples from the historical high-productive (H) and low-productive (L) soil types of wheat in Hebei province of China were collected and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The study highlighted the richness, diversity, and structure of bacterial communities, along with the correlation networks among different bacterial genera. Significant differences in the bacterial community structure between samples of different soil types were observed. Compared with the low-productive soil type, the bacterial communities of samples from the high-productive soil type possessed high species richness, low species diversity, complex and stable networks, and a higher relative abundance of beneficial microbes, such as Pseudoxanthomonas, unclassified Vicinamibacteraceae, Lysobacter, Massilia, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus. Further analysis indicated that the differences were mainly driven by soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN), and electrical conductivity (EC). Overall, the soil bacterial community is an important factor affecting soil health and crop production, which provides a theoretical basis for the targeted regulation of microbes in low-productivity soil types.

Analysis of Public Facilities, Village Funds and Social Infrastructure on Community Welfare in Pematang Serai Village, Langkat Regency

This research is based on the analysis of public facilities, village funds and social infrastructure on the welfare of the community in Pematang Serai village. Pematang Serai village, Langkat Regency is dominated by people who earn a living as fruit and vegetable farmers, but with the location of the village far from the city, there is a need for attention to public facilities for the community, Good management of village funds and infrastructure to be a benchmark for community welfare and household productivity is important for the people who live in the village. This research was conducted in Pematang Serai Village. The thing being studied is the influence between the variables of public facilities, village funds, and social infrastructure, on community welfare and household productivity. The purpose of the research is to find out and analyze the welfare of the community in Cingkes Village, Dolok Silau District by analyzing through public facilities, management and villages for the community and social infrastructure to facilitate daily community activities. The number of samples used was 200 data families collected by distributing questionnaires and data management using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) using Amos software version 20. Based on the results of the test conducted with a hypothesis test, social infrastructure variables have a significant effect on community productivity. Then the variables of public facilities, village funds and social infrastructure have an insignificant effect on the welfare of the community and the variables of facilities and village funds also have no significant effect on household productivity. In this study, it is hoped that the village government will pay more attention to the things that the community needs in the village.

Plant functional trait is a strong predictor of ecosystem productivity under altered precipitation in desert steppes

AbstractThe relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function has always been one of the hot issues in the field of ecology. With the acceleration of global warming, the precipitation pattern has become one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss, which has a profound impact on ecosystem functional services and stability. However, the studies on the effects and mechanisms of plant community diversity and ecosystem productivity under precipitation changes in desert steppe are still unclear. According to the change rate (−41.1% to 39.2%) of precipitation in the study area in recent 50 years, five precipitation gradients (i.e., −40%, −20%, CK, +20% and +40%) were set to simulate the possible future precipitation pattern changes. Aboveground biomass increased with the increase of precipitation. Compared with CK, the aboveground biomass increased by 22.81% with +40% and decreased by 80.71% with −40%, and the negative impact of precipitation decrease on aboveground biomass was more significant. Through multiple stepwise regression analyses, species diversity, functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity were identified as the best models of aboveground biomass. The results showed that the aboveground biomass changes could be explained by 51.3%, 81.6%, 32.6% and 60% respectively. Combined with plant community diversity, the final index model was obtained through multiple stepwise regression analyses, which could explain 88.3% of changes in aboveground biomass. In this model, The average coefficient of specific leaf area and leaf thickness had a very high significance level, and these two functional traits of dominant species had a greater explanatory power for ecosystem system function. There was a nonlinear correlation between precipitation and aboveground biomass, and drought had a more significant negative effect on aboveground biomass. Compared with species diversity and phylogenetic diversity, plant functional traits can better explain ecosystem productivity. Selection effects are the main maintenance mechanism of desert steppe community productivity under the background of precipitation change.

Marine plankton community and net primary production responding to island-trapped waves in a stratified oligotrophic ecosystem

The oligotrophic Adriatic Sea is characterized during a typical summer by low productivity caused by strong water column stratification, which inhibits vertical mixing and nutrient supply to the euphotic zone. These conditions can be disrupted by transient physical forcing, which enhances nutrient fluxes and creates localized hotspots of relatively high net primary production. In this study, plankton abundance and diversity were investigated in relation to the physical forcing and nutrient concentrations in an area affected by island-trapped waves (ITWs) near Lastovo Island (Adriatic Sea). The episodic ITW events resulted in enhanced uplift and vertical excursion of the thermocline, marked by anomalously higher nutrient concentrations and a corresponding increase in net primary production in the thermocline layer. Physicochemical properties explained 11.7 % (p = 0.002) of the variability in micro- and nanophytoplankton and 88.9 % (p = 0.001) in the picoplankton community. A significant response to the ITW phenomenon in the plankton community composition (p = 0.001) was observed for bacterioplankton. Among the identified amplicon sequence variances, primary producers were scarce and mainly represented cyanobacteria (Synechococcus strain CC9902), stramenopiles (Pelagomonas), and chlorophytes (Ostreococcus). The remaining amplicon sequence variances were assigned to the classes Copepoda, parasitic fungi (Meyerozyma spp.), mixotrophic dinoflagellates (family Peridiniales, mostly the genus Blastodinium), and parasitic Ciliophora (Scuticociliata). Bacterial ecological functions corresponded to chemoheterotrophic, degradation, and fermentation processes, whereas samples collected after the most intense ITW episode also showed abundant bacteria linked to microplastic degradation and parasitosis. These results highlight the ecological role of localized physical phenomena in enhancing nearshore primary productivity and fine shifts in plankton taxa in oligotrophic systems.

Paralleled grazing and mowing differentially affected plant community diversity and productivity in a semi-arid grassland

BackgroundNumerous previous studies have investigated the effects of grazing or mowing on plant community diversity and productivity in grasslands; however, few have deliberately made sound comparison between the effects of paralleled grazing and mowing in terms of biomass removal on plant community diversity and productivity in semi-arid grasslands. Using a 4-year field manipulative experiment, we investigated how moderate intensity of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) grazing and mowing can affect plant community diversity and productivity in the semi-arid grassland in northeastern China, with the attempt to find a better management practice.ResultsOur results showed that grazing significantly increased plant species richness by 9% but did not change plant biomass, whereas mowing did not alter plant species richness but significantly reduced total plant biomass and root biomass by 18% and 12%, respectively, and significantly altered plant community composition, reflected by 32% increase of grass to forb biomass ratio.ConclusionsCattle grazing exerted a neutral effect on plant biomass and a positive effect on plant species richness, suggesting that cattle grazing is a better management practice compared to the paralleled mowing, but longer-term experiments are needed to explore the lasting influences of grazing vs. mowing on grassland productivity, plant diversity and the sustainability.

Effects of soil microplastic heterogeneity on plant growth vary with species and microplastic types

Microplastics are heterogeneously distributed in soils. However, it is unknown whether soil microplastic heterogeneity affects plant growth and root foraging responses and whether such effects vary with plant species and microplastic types. We grew each of seven herbaceous species (Platycodon grandiflorus, Trifolium repens, Portulaca oleracea, Medicago sativa, Taraxacum mongolicum, Perilla frutescenst, and Paspalum notatum) in heterogeneous soil (patches without microplastics and patches with 0.2 % microplastics) and homogeneous soil (patches with 0.1 % microplastics). Three microplastic types were tested: polypropylene (PP), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polyester (PET). P. frutescens showed no response to soil microplastic heterogeneity. For P. grandiflora, microplastic heterogeneity tended to decrease its biomass (total, shoot and root) when the microplastic was PAN and also shoot biomass when it was PET, but had no effect when it was PP. For T. repens, microplastic heterogeneity promoted biomass when PAN was used, decreased total and root biomass when PET was used, but showed no effect when PP was used. Microplastic heterogeneity increased biomass of P. oleracea and decreased that of M. sativa when PET was used, but had no effect when PP or PAN was used. For T. mongolicum, microplastic heterogeneity reduced biomass when the microplastic was PAN, tended to increase total and root biomass when it was PP, but showed no effect when it was PET. For P. notatum, microplastic heterogeneity increased biomass when the microplastic was PP, decreased it when PET was used, but had no effect when PAN was used. However, biomass of none of the seven species showed root foraging responses at the patch level. Therefore, soil microplastic heterogeneity can influence plant growth, but such effects depend on species and microplastic types and are not associated with root foraging. Our findings highlight the roles of soil microplastic heterogeneity, which may influence species interactions and community structure and productivity.

Soil microbiome mediates plant community productivity in grass–legume mixtures

Soil microbiome mediates plant community productivity in grass–legume mixtures

"Tai Muang Phrao" Cultural Identity and Economic Value Creation of Tambon Pa Tum, Phrao district, Chiang Mai Province

The objectives of this research were to examine identities regarded as local wisdom and cultural capital of Pa Tum Community in Phrao district, Chiang Mai province, to create a corporate identity set and sale promotion media for the community, and to assess the satisfaction of consumers with community products, the corporate identify set, and the sale promotion media. The research instrument: for the first objective, it was qualitative research to collect the data about community identities. The quota sampling method was applied to select the sample group, which included two community leaders, two folk scholars, four entrepreneurs, five community members, and two concerned state officials. An in-depth interview was used to collect the data and the SWOT Analysis. For the second objective, it was applied research, the process of applied art design, and modern marketing knowledge. The purposive sampling method was used to select the population and the sample group, which included one of the five community entrepreneur groups. An in-depth interview with semi-structured interview questions and an observation were used to gather the data. The data were then synthesized for creating the corporate identity set and the sale promotion media. The instrument was a quality assessment of the identity set by three experts on the beauty of the logo, colors, fonts, and other design components. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was applied to assess the quality of the instrument. For the third was also conducted a satisfaction assessment with the reliability of the questionnaire at 0.96 by applying the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The sample group was 100 tourists and the general public interested in the community products. The data were statistically analyzed for mean, percentage, and standard deviation. The results were discussed descriptively. The research results revealed that the food identity of the community is from cultivating sugarcanes and beans and the process of agricultural produce, which has led to the development of the community products: peanut bars in sugarcane molasses and local dishes for community tourism. The creation of the corporate identity set and the sale promotion media consisted of a product logo, packaging, 2D motion media, and video media for publicizing the products in various channels. The satisfaction assessment revealed that the satisfaction was highest with the mean of 4.6 on the continued development of local wisdom to produce value-added products and generate incomes to community members. It was followed by the satisfaction with the product logo designed with interesting and easy-to-understand images and conveying the products, community identity and entrepreneurs; with the graphic work on the packages designed with beautiful, interesting and clear messages; and with the graphic motions on the making of the blocked sugarcane molasses and the processing of the peanut bars in sugarcane molasses designed with interesting and easy-to-understand background of the products as well as clear sound and images, all of them with the mean of 4.5. In addition to business knowledge for community product development, developers and corporate identity communication must depend on creativity. Therefore, researchers collaborating with communities must emphasize creativity as well. It is not only new knowledge or innovation, but local culture, wisdom, and cultural identities must be exploited for economic values. For community product development to become sustainable, community cooperation must be established, because community residents are the ones who will continue the operations. As a consequence, researchers must coordinate and seek key successes, which may be community residents of working age or new generations who will pass on and preserve culture and arts, wisdom, and identities.

Production Potential of the Chernavka Salt River (Elton Region)

Depending on the season, the primary production of planktonic communities determined by radiotracer analysis varied within a broad range, from 6 to 314 µg C/(L h). Primary production in cyanobacterial mats was 4.2‒10.9 × 103 µg C/(dm3 h), and Chl a content varied from 6‒13 to 132‒140 mg Chl a/m2. For the plankton, the highest values were revealed in summer (25‒46 mg Chl a/m3), with the maximum in August (223 mg Chl a/m3. High abundance of bacterioplankton (0.3‒7.4 × 106 cells/mL) and massive growth of diatoms (0.15 × 106 cells/mL) with predominance of the genus Chaetoceros were found. Sulfate reduction rates varied from 0.037 µmol S/(dm3 h) in the upper reach to 61.87 µmol S/(dm3 h) in the river mouth.