Product Failure Research Articles

EXPRESS: Monitoring Technologies in Industrial Systems

Monitoring technologies, which are at the heart of the industrial Internet of Things (IOT) ecosystems, promise significant transactional efficiencies by making it easier to track product performance and contract compliance. These efficiencies are particularly compelling in industrial multi-vendor, multi-component systems, where complex component interdependencies often cause disputes around liability in the case of product failures. Drawing on transaction cost theory, fieldwork, and a national survey of industrial original equipment manufacturers we estimate how product performance contracts are specified in these contexts, and how these monitoring technologies can impact ex-post exchanges between OEMs and their suppliers. We find that systems architecture associated with the multi-component systems, as well as the presumed efficiencies of monitoring technologies, drive the contract designs through their potential impact on the disputes, monitoring, and contract writing costs faced by the OEM. However, we also find there are clear limits to the benefits offered by these monitoring technologies. The greater monitoring facilitated by these technologies appears to exacerbate disputes. This counterintuitive finding comports with the view that, when unforeseen interdependent failures occur, detailed data from monitoring may trigger a spate disputes over new and unexpected information, as well as over the appropriateness of existing protocols for failure metrics and remedies.

Analysis of Quality Control for Furniture Production using Pareto Diagram and Fishbone Diagram at PT. SKM Jati

This research aims to describe Quality Control in Improving the Production Efficiency of Tables and Chairs Using Pareto and Fishbone Diagrams at PK. SKM JATI. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive with secondary and primary data, which is intended to collect data and information about a problem and facts related to the object and the research site as they are during the study. This research was conducted in Madiun Regency by interviewing the owner of PK. SKM Jati. Data collection techniques used in this study include in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation techniques to obtain accurate data for creating Pareto and fishbone diagrams. The research results show that PK. SKM Jati still faces obstacles that hinder production efficiency, with defects such as holes in the wood, moist wood, and varnish failures. The highest production failure rate is varnish failure, followed by holes in the wood, and lastly, moist wood. Through fishbone diagram analysis, four main problems are identified: people, materials, machines, and methods.

High temperature oxidation mitigation efficacy of Al2O3 and Ni-20Cr ceramic coating on boiler steel application

The primary reason of degradation and failure of many products used for high temperature applications are oxidation. Protective coatings are employed to increase the component resistance to oxidation. In the present research work, Al2O3 and Ni-20Cr were applied as coatings on SAE431 steel using a detonation gun spraying technique. At 800 °C in air with 50 cycles of heating and cooling, the oxidation behavior of uncoated and coated SAE-431 boiler steel was analyzed. Ni-20Cr coating on SAE431 boiler steel exhibits approximately 25.44 % higher oxidation resistance and the Al2O3 coating on SAE431 boiler steel exhibits approximately 32.22 % higher oxidation resistance compared to uncoated SAE431 boiler steel. After oxidation at 800 °C, the SAE431 boiler steel coated with Ni-20Cr displays prominent peaks of the Cr2O3 and Ni phases, with some minor phase of NiO. The NiO phase is observed to be less intense than Cr2O3 and Ni phases. After oxidation at 800 °C, Al2O3 coated SAE431 boiler steel exhibited strong peaks of ƞ-Al2O3 and δ-Al2O3 phases. The X-ray diffraction investigation also reveals the existence of the α-Al2O3 phase. According to our findings, based on weight change data, Ni-20Cr and Al2O3 coated boiler steel provided higher oxidation resistance than the uncoated SAE431boiler steels. The enhancement in the oxidation resistance of boiler steel can be attributed to the formation of nickel, chromium and aluminum oxide inert layer which is evident from the XRD patterns also. Exploration throughout global survey has been already done and it was found that not much work has been done on the high-temperature behavior of Ni-20Cr and Al2O3 coatings. The data obtained from the study will be helpful in examining the viability of using these coatings on boiler tubes.

Efficacy of Shampoo Made from Bangle Rhizome Extract (Zingiber montanum) Against Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)

Head lice is a major public health problem worldwide. Its treatment is challenging due to product failures resulting from rapidly emerging resistance to existing treatments, incorrect treatment application, and misdiagnosis. Various head lice treatments with different mechanisms of action have been developed and explored over the years, with limited reports on systematic assessments of their efficacy and safety. The head lice shampoo currently in circulation is 1% permethrin-based. Side effects of using permethrin-based shampoos include skin irritation and high resistance. The research conducted aims to present strong evidence that the use of shampoo made from bangle rhizome extract against head lice mortality is safer to use. The study used 240 head lice taken from elementary school students aged 8-12 years in a school in Bekasi. The study group was divided into 6 groups: negative control group (using baby shampoo), positive control group (using permethrin-based anti-lice shampoo), shampoo treatment group made from bangle rhizome extract with dose of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%. In addition to calculating the number of head lice deaths per group, the time of death was also calculated to determine LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50), LC90 (Lethal Concentration 90), LT50 (Lethal Time 50), and LT90 (Lethal Time 90). The results showed a highly significant difference between the number of head lice deaths in the control group and the shampoo treatment group made from bangle rhizome extract (p<0.01). Likewise, there was a highly significant difference for the time of death of head lice in the control group and the shampoo treatment group made from bangle rhizome extract. Statistical analysis showed LC50 of 0.96%, LC90 of 2.84%, LT50 of 57.72 minutes, and LT90 of 28.79 minutes. It can be concluded that the effective dose of shampoo made from bangle rhizome extract is 4%, which can kill 100% of head lice within 27 minutes.

Lesson from Crude Oil Treasure Failure in 2020

After the 2020 pandemic, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) changed its trading rules, allowing the negative oil price mechanism in the futures market. That same month, Bank of China's (BOC) "Crude Oil Bao" investment product brought huge losses to investors, exposing the product's risk management flaws. The purpose of this report is to conduct a comprehensive study of the factors that led to the losses suffered by Chinese investors in international crude oil product trading. It delves into the operational dynamics of these financial industry institutions, as well as the perspectives of Chinese banks and retail investors affected by the incident. Finally, recommendations are made to strengthen risk management measures in response to events such as the Crude Oil Treasure, with the aim of helping commercial banks to improve their product design methodologies. The article provides valuable insights into understanding financial product failures and offers guidance on mitigating risk.

Exploring the use of productive failure to learn ecology in a virtual world: influence of self-efficacy and the use of learning strategies

ABSTRACT This study explores the use of an innovative approach, called Productive failure with a virtual world (PF-VW) to learn difficult ecology knowledge and promote transfer in secondary science classrooms. PF is an alternative learning sequence design to the more common direct instruction (DI). A quasi-experimental design was employed with an experimental PF treatment group (N = 45) and a comparison DI treatment group (N = 41). The results show that within the same virtual world (VW), the PF group outperformed the DI group on transfer scores. This research further explored whether students’ self-efficacy and the learning strategies use can affect students’ learning in a PF-VW. The results indicate that learning strategies use was positively associated with the posttest scores of explanatory ecology knowledge regardless of the type of instruction. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between self-efficacy and any type of learning outcomes. Furthermore, neither self-efficacy nor the use of learning strategies moderated the positive effects of PF on learning either explanatory knowledge or promoting transfer.

The failure mode and effect analysis of Islamic banking product marketing in Indonesia

Purpose This study aims to use a risk management approach to analyze the factors influencing the marketing failure of Islamic banking products in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from respondents to be involved in the risk assessment of failure based on the criteria of severity score, likelihood of occurrence and detection ability of employees. The dominant factors were grouped into the number of new customers and transaction value categories. The failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method was used to identify the highest risk dominant factors. Findings The study results show critical factors and prioritized for immediate improvement. The number of new customers can be identified based on the following factors: occupation of prospective customers; income level of prospective customers; the lifestyle of the prospective customer. Transaction value can be identified based on the following factors: total balance; the level of convenience in transactions; turnover of funds; profitability; and risk management. Practical implications The Islamic banking industry in Indonesia needs to consider the importance of suitability: target market with the products offered, considering the income level of customers with suitable products, the level of profit sharing expected by consumers, improving customer education about Islamic banking products, the capabilities of financing staff and staff capabilities on risk management in Islamic banking products and services. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this research is the first to apply FMEA in analysing marketing failures of Islamic banking products and services.

Extreme resistance to S-methoprene in field-collected Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) across the Chicago, IL region

Insect growth regulators, like S-methoprene, are heavily relied upon worldwide for larval mosquito chemical control due to their target specificity and long-lasting effects. In this study, susceptibility to S-methoprene was evaluated in Culex pipiens, a globally important vector species. Populations from 14 sites throughout the Chicago area with a long history of S-methoprene use and two sites with minimal use in Wisconsin were examined. Using a bioassay methodology and probit analyses, LC50 and LC90 values were calculated and compared to a susceptible laboratory strain to develop resistance ratios, then categorized for resistance intensity. The resistance ratios observed required the addition of another category, termed ‘extreme’ resistance, indicating resistance ratios greater than 100. ‘Low’ to ‘extreme’ levels of resistance to S-methoprene were detected throughout Illinois populations, with resistance ratios ranging from 2.33 to 1010.52. Resistance was not detected in populations where S-methoprene pressure has been very limited. These 'extreme’ resistance ratios observed have never been documented in a wild vector species mosquito population. The relationships between historical S-methoprene use, resistance detected with laboratory bioassays, and the potential for field product failure remain unclear. However, the profound resistance detected here demonstrates a potential critical threat to protecting public health from mosquito-borne diseases.

Two-dimensional warranty policy design with the consideration of protection term

In practice, car products are sold with 2-dimensional (2D) warranty policies, on which existing literature usually assumes that the products are repaired upon failures throughout the warranty period. However, this is not always the case in real life; for example, car manufacturers may need to replace defective cars during an early period of warranty, when the total time on repairing the failures reaches a specified repair time constraint or the number of repair attempts reaches a specified repair number constraint. Motivated by this, this paper divides a warranty period into two stages: the initial protection term and the subsequent repair stage. During the initial protection term, the manufacturer needs to provide a replacement service when a specified replacement condition is satisfied; while during the subsequent repair stage, the manufacturer should provide repair services upon product failures. Taking the warranty servicing cost into account, a profit model is built. The expected total profit of the product is derived, and the optimal warranty period and product price are designed to maximize the manufacturer’s profit. Finally, numerical experiments on car examples are provided to illustrate the considered warranty policy with protection term.

A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating the Value Created by Real-World Evidence for Diverse Stakeholders: The Case for Coordinated Registry Networks.

This manuscript presents a comprehensive framework for the assessment of the value of real-world evidence (RWE) in healthcare decision-making. While RWE has been proposed to overcome some limitations of traditional, one-off studies, no systematic framework exists to measure if RWE actually lowers the burden. This framework aims to fill that gap by providing conceptual approaches for evaluating the time and cost efficiencies of RWE, thus guiding strategic investments in RWE infrastructure. The framework consists of four components: (114th Congress. 21st Century Cures Act.; 2015. https://www.congress.gov/114/plaws/publ255/PLAW-114publ255.pdf .) identification of stakeholders using and producing RWE, (National Health Council. Glossary of Patient Engagement Terms. Published 2019. Accessed May 18. 2021. https://nationalhealthcouncil.org/glossary-of-patient-engagement-terms/ .) understanding value propositions on how RWE can benefit stakeholders, (Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. CDER Patient-Focused Drug Development. U.S. Food & Drug Administration.) defining key performance indicators (KPIs), and (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Food and Drug Administration: Center for Devices and Radiological Health and Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Use of Real-World Evidence to Support Regulatory Decision-Making for Medical Devices - Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff. 2017. http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guida .) establishing metrics and case studies to assess value. KPIs are categorized as 'better, faster, or cheaper" as an indicator of value: better focusing on high-quality actionable evidence; 'faster,' denoting time-saving in evidence generation, and 'cheaper,' emphasizing cost-efficiency decision compared to methodologies that do not involve data routinely collected in clinical practice. Metrics and relevant case studies are tailored based on stakeholder value propositions and selected KPIs that can be used to assess what value has been created by using RWE compared to traditional evidence-generation approaches and comparing different RWE sources. Operationalized through metrics and case studies drawn from the literature, the value of RWE is documented as improving treatment effect heterogeneity evaluation, expanding medical product labels, and expediting post-market compliance. RWE is also shown to reduce the cost and time required to produce evidence compared to traditional one-off approaches. An original example of a metric that measures the time saved by RWE methods to detect a signal of a product failure was presented based on analysis of the National Cardiovascular Disease Registry. The framework presented in this manuscript offers a comprehensive approach for evaluating the value of RWE, applicable to all stakeholders engaged in leveraging RWE for healthcare decision-making. Through the proposed metrics and illustrated case studies, valuable insights are provided into the heightened efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and improved decision-making within clinical and regulatory domains facilitated by RWE. While this framework is primarily focused on medical devices, it could potentially inform the determination of RWE value in other medical products. By discerning the variations in cost, time, and data utility among various evidence-generation methods, stakeholders are empowered to invest strategically in RWE infrastructure and shape future research endeavors.

Effect of Composition and Pouring Temperature of Cu-Sn on Fluidity and Mechanical Properties of Investment Casting

The composition and pouring temperature are important parameters in metal casting. Many cast product failures are caused by ignorance of the influence of both. This research aims to determine the effect of adding tin composition and pouring temperature on fluidity, microstructure and mechanical properties including tensile strength and hardness of tin bronze (Cu-Sn). The Cu-Sn is widely used as employed in the research is Cu (20, 22 and 24) wt.%Sn alloy using the investment casting method. Variations in pouring temperature treatment TS1 = 1000°C and TS2 = 1100°C. The mold for the fluidity test is made with a wax pattern then coated in clay. The mold dimensions are 400 mm long with mold cavity variations of 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm. Several parameters: increasing the pouring temperature, adding tin composition, decreasing the temperature gradient between the molten metal and the mold walls result in a decrease in the solidification rate which can increase fluidity. The α + δ phase transition to β and γ intermetallic phases decreases fluidity at >22wt.%Sn. The columnar dendrite microstructure increases with the addition of tin composition and pouring temperature. The mechanical properties of tensile strength decrease, hardness increases and the alloy becomes more brittle with increasing tin composition.

Extraction from Sweet Orange Peel (Citrus Aurantium var Sinesis), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus), and Jasmine (Jasminum sambac) as Aromatherapy Candles for Empowerment of Home Economics

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the residents of Ngijo, a sub-district in Gunungpati District, Semarang. This community service activity aims to empower the Ngijo Family Welfare Development (PKK), Gunungpati, Semarang, as a solution for making aromatherapy candles from waste orange peel, jasmine flowers, and lemongrass. The methods of community service carried out include preparation, outreach, and evaluation. Preparations included signing a letter of cooperation with partners, making aromatherapy candles through six trials where the aroma smelled very good, and socializing with demonstrations where the team explained the consequences of product failure. Posters were given to residents to strengthen their understanding of this activity. The activity's success was seen in the residents' enthusiasm during the question-and-answer session regarding their understanding of making aromatherapy candles. The empowerment of PKK Ngijo, Gunungpati, and Semarang is successful because this activity is exciting and valuable, especially orange peel, which contains essential oils and has a refreshing aroma.

A roadmap for affordable genetic medicines.

Twenty genetic therapies have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to date, a number that now includes the first CRISPR genome-editing therapy for sickle cell disease-CASGEVY (exagamglogene autotemcel, Vertex Pharmaceuticals). This extraordinary milestone is widely celebrated owing to the promise for future genome-editing treatments of previously intractable genetic disorders and cancers. At the same time, such genetic therapies are the most expensive drugs on the market, with list prices exceeding US$4 million per patient. Although all approved cell and gene therapies trace their origins to academic or government research institutions, reliance on for-profit pharmaceutical companies for subsequent development and commercialization results in prices that prioritize recouping investments, paying for candidate product failures and meeting investor and shareholder expectations. To increase affordability and access, sustainable discovery-to-market alternatives are needed that address system-wide deficiencies. Here we present recommendations of a multidisciplinary task force assembled to chart such a path. We describe a pricing structure that, once implemented, could reduce per-patient cost tenfold and propose a business model that distributes responsibilities while leveraging diverse funding sources. We also outline how academic licensing provisions, manufacturing innovation and supportive regulations can reduce cost and enable broader patient treatment.

Oxidative and Antioxidative Biomarker Profiles in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Insights for Pathophysiology and Treatment Strategies.

BACKGROUND Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of perinatal and postnatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Catalase (CAT) activity detection is used to determine levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. Glutathione (GSH) is the most critical non-enzymatic endogenous antioxidant. Lipid peroxidation levels marked after hypoxia can be detected based on the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is considered a biomarker for cardiac ischemia and is known to increase in the liver, brain, and kidney in states of insufficient oxygenation. We aimed to explain the results and relations between the oxidant and antioxidants to detail oxidant-antioxidant balance and cellular mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum levels of IMA and MDA, as an oxidative stress marker, and CAT and GSH, as antioxidant enzymes, were measured in first blood samples of 59 neonates diagnosed with HIE, with pH <7, base excess >12, and APGAR scores. RESULTS Neonates who were ≥37 weeks of gestation and had hypoxia were included. Compared with healthy newborns (n=32), CAT was statistically significantly lower in the hypoxia group (P=0.0001), while MDA serum levels were significantly higher in neonates with hypoxia (P=0.01). There was no difference between hypoxic and healthy neonates in GSH and IMA measurements (P=0.054, P=0.19 respectively). CONCLUSIONS HIE pathophysiology involves oxidative stress and mitochondrial energy production failure. Explaining the pathways between oxidant-antioxidant balance and cell death, which explains the pathophysiology of HIE, is essential to develop treatment strategies that will minimize the effects of oxygen deprivation on other body organs, especially the brain.

Failures in Ukrainian Arms Procurement 2014–2023

This article discusses critical failures in Ukrainian defense production and procurement in the period 2014 to 2023. The main puzzle is why Ukraine did so little to satisfy the needs of the country’s armed forces in essential segments of military capabilities when there seems to have been no disagreement on their necessity. Furthermore, both technological and financial resources appear to have been present. The main argument is that Ukraine’s status as a limited access order (LAO) is an important part of the explanation. The empirical evidence in support of this conclusion comes from process-tracing production and procurement in the three areas of ammunition, unmanned aerial vehicles, and armored vehicles. The initial condition of an LAO is linked to the outcome of production and procurement failure through a detailed investigation of the actors and processes that took place within each of the mentioned segments. It is primarily a theory-guided single-outcome study, but the findings may serve as inspiration for more generic studies of the effects of LAOs on national security.

Teachers’ pedagogical beliefs in Norwegian school makerspaces

AbstractIn Norway, makerspaces are emerging as new educational contexts across all school levels. This trend is multifaceted as it is inspired by the global maker movement and supported by local initiatives as well as a national policy to create more opportunities to teach digital competencies. The makerspace concept facilitates this in a concrete and innovative way. Although the maker movement is established, the pedagogical foundations of maker activities in educational settings are still being developed. As the movement meets competent teachers and existing learning cultures, there is the potential to create new pedagogical knowledge and educational practices. This study explored teachers’ values and beliefs regarding maker-centered learning in Norwegian schools through qualitative semi-structured interviews with maker teachers from 18 schools. The results indicate that makerspaces in Norwegian schools are initiated and driven by teachers’ interests in the maker movement, which resonates with their learning beliefs. The individuals in question are mostly natural-science teachers inspired by other makers. The learning culture in Norwegian schools, and that found in the maker movement, coincide in many areas. However, there are some compatibility challenges, such as facilitating open-ended learning processes and initiating learning frameworks that allow students to act and learn based on their motivations and ideas. With guidance from the latest curricula, teachers are encouraged to teach toward learning goals, which have been traditionally achieved with structured and predefined activities. In this goal-directed environment, maker teachers struggle to find room for iterative processes, play, and productive failures.

Increasing Selling Value of Processed Shrimp Products Using Strategies Developed by Six Sigma and Human Factor Integration

The export value of the Indonesian fisheries sector, including the shrimp industry, increases every year. Effective and efficient production processes are needed to maintain product quality, ensuring business sustainability. This study aims to determine the potential causes of shrimp product failure and provide improvement recommendations. The case study is one of the shrimp export industries in East Java, with the stretching process of shrimp sizes of 26-30, 2LX, L OIE, and 2L OIE. The results showed that size 26-30 had the most considerable defect per million opportunities (DPMO), with a value of 574,948 and a sigma value of 1.31. The cause of product defects with the highest risk priority number (RPN) is low labor motivation. The calculations using Herzberg's Theory show that the wage issue has the lowest value of 3.38. A SWOT analysis was then conducted to design a business strategy. The result shows that the company's position was in Quadrant 3, meaning it needs to change its strategy. The focus group discussions (FGDs) resulted in four recommendations, with a change in the wage scheme receiving the highest alternative weight evaluation value of 0.385.

Reliability Estimation of Weibull Distribution with Zero-Failure Data

This paper focuses on the reliability estimation of Weibull distributions with zero-failure data. Since no product failure occurred in the tests, the conventional maximum likelihood method was not applicable. Recent methods ignore the estimation of location parameter and tend to be conservative. This study developed a new estimation technique to address these problems. A prior model between the life dispersion boundary and shape parameter is constructed by considering the historical failure data of similar high-reliability products. The failure probabilities for all samples were inferred using the E-Bayesian method, after which the reliability was estimated. Afterward, a confidence interval for reliability was obtained based on the bootstrap confidence interval and modified maximum likelihood method. A Monte Carlo simulation study demonstrated that the proposed method is satisfactory in terms of point estimates, confidence intervals, coverage probabilities, and computational efficiency. Finally, a real engineering example is introduced to illustrate the application of this method.

Performance of anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor treatment of wastewater from food waste pretreatment: Dissolved organic matter changes and overloading effects

Food waste requires pretreatment before composting due to its high moisture, oil, and salt content. Wastewater from pretreatment (FWPW) has high organic content (COD > 80 g/L) and requires further treatment. The performance and variations in dissolved organic matter (DOM) in an anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) treating FWPW were investigated along with the impact of the organic loading rate (OLR) of the system. The results showed that, at the stable stage, when the OLR reaches 6.07 kg COD m−3d−1, the average COD removal efficiency was 95.3 %, with a methane production of 0.21 L g−1COD removed. The effluent volatile fatty acid concentration was below 560 mg L−1 and primarily comprised from acetate and propionate. The proportion of DOM with a large (100–500 kDa) and medium (10–100 kDa) molecular weight (MW) in the mixed liquor decreased by 7.0 and 5.5 %, respectively, whereas the MW (> 500 kDa) in the effluent decreased by 14.8 %. The fluorescence spectra revealed only one humic-like peak in the samples, exhibiting a higher fluorescence intensity and humification index in the effluent and mixed liquor than in the influent. At the shock loads stage, the system could withstand a maximum OLR of 11.71 kg COD m−3d−1, and further increases in OLR caused reactor acidification and methane production failure. This study offers new strategies for optimal FWPW treatment and holds promise for guiding the industrial application of AnDMBRs.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE WEIGHTED AGGREGATED SUM PRODUCT ASSESMENT DALAM MENENTUKAN KEDELAI TERBAIK PRODUKSI TAHU, TEMPE

This research aims to implement the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment method in identifying soybeans as raw materials in the production of tofu and tempeh. Tofu and tempeh production often experiences production failures, such as the tofu compaction process being insufficient or the texture being too dense, the tempeh fermentation process being less than optimal and so on. This is influenced by poor soybean raw materials, both in terms of texture and color and the selection of soybeans which is still done directly by looking at the color and brand. Meanwhile, these two things do not necessarily correspond to the right criteria for tofu and tempeh production. In this research, the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment method was used in making decisions to determine the best soybeans for producing tofu and tempeh based on 4 selection criteria, namely soy color, soy size, soy moisture and soy texture. All these criteria are then processed to obtain the best soybean results that are appropriate for the raw material for making tofu and tempe, namely soybeans from the Ahok supplier with a value of 4.475.