Productive Alliances Research Articles

Innovación empresarial: una mirada desdela competitividad, el desarrollo local y la transformación productiva para la internacionalización en Colombia

This article analyzes innovation on small and medium import-export companies of Bogota from local development, competitiveness and productive transformation. A comparison is made between the information obtained on semi structured interviews and the conceptualization of the theoretical review. The interviewed businessmen agree on the fact that innovation is larger than individual efforts. It is the result of actions taken from theterritory that stimulate local development, dynamics of competitiveness and successful internationalizations. Even though they also recognize that productive alliances allow economies of scale and inside out driven advancements, they are reluctant to participate in them due to the lack of guarantees in shearing their in-hose innovations.

Differentiated Circuits: The Ecologies of Knowing and Securing Life

The question of how to make life secure in a world of zoonotic disease threats is often answered in terms of an ever-tighter regulation of wild, domestic, and human life, as a means to control disease. Conversely, in both theoretical and practical engagements with the business of making life safe, there is recognition of the circulatory and excessive qualities of life, its ability to overflow grids of intelligibility, and a requirement for knowledge practices to be responsive to a mutable world. In this paper we use empirical work on the field and laboratory practices involved in knowing life, specifically within the UK's avian influenza wild bird survey, in order to argue strongly for a form of biosecurity that does not seek to integrate life or the practices that make it intelligible into grids and closed circuits. Extending work by Latour, we argue that the truth-value of life science not only stems from the circulation of references along a single chain of reference; it is also dependent upon the productive alliance of knowledge forms and practices that are loosely brought together in this process. By demonstrating the range of practices, materials, and movements involved in making life knowable, we claim that it is the spatial configurations of knowledge practices, organisms, and materials, their ongoing differentiation and not their integration, that make safe life a possibility.

Discussion

Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the fulltext.Dr Sclar: What is the difference between treatment resistance and treatment failure?Dr Thase: Treatment failure is a broader term that incorporates several factors, such as poor tolerability, treatment nonadherence, or simply treatment nonresponse. The term also implies a failure of the doctor-patient relationship, meaning that the physician was unable to engage the patient in a productive alliance.

Remaking Power and Politics

I contend that we should remake conceptions of and taking off from the project of remaking modernity. Here, I perform a similar move for power and politics, core concepts for history and the human sciences, building on the foundational work of the 1970s and 1980s and bringing key elements of institutionalist and culturalist critiques. The theories of the early days of social science history were usually materialist, and the character of state policies and political structures was understood to reflect the balance of class forces, interests to flow from class position, and to work a juridical vein, as power over. By the 1980s these common understandings were widely criticized. There were new emphases on the multiplicity of identities and structures of inequality, new questions about the adequacy of materialist accounts of politics. Dissatisfactions were also stimulated by real-world developments. However, we see a parting of the ways when it came to addressing these new political conditions and analytic challenges. Moves to bring the state and other political institutions back in have been focused on while the scholars taking the various cultural turns have focused on power. The conceptualizations of and politics have been sundered along with the scholarly communities deploying them. I address both communities and argue for new ways of understanding and politics emerging from renewed encounters between institutionalist and culturalist analyses. Such encounters and the conceptual work that they will produce can help us reforge a productive alliance between history and the social sciences.

An Extended Fuzzy AHP and TFN Model Based Partner Selection and Evaluation Algorithm for Aviation Subcontract Production Alliance

An Extended Fuzzy AHP and TFN Model Based Partner Selection and Evaluation Algorithm for Aviation Subcontract Production Alliance

Remaking Power and Politics

I contend that we should remake conceptions of power and politics, taking off from the project of remaking “modernity.” Here, I perform a similar move for “power and politics,” core concepts for history and the human sciences, building on the foundational work of the 1970s and 1980s and bringing in key elements of institutionalist and culturalist critiques. The theories of the early days of social science history were usually materialist, and the character of state policies and political structures was understood to reflect the “balance of class forces,” interests to flow from class position, and power to work in a juridical vein, as “power over.” By the 1980s these common understandings were widely criticized. There were new emphases on the multiplicity of identities and structures of inequality, new questions about the adequacy of materialist accounts of politics. Dissatisfactions were also stimulated by “real-world” developments. However, we see a parting of the ways when it came to addressing these new political conditions and analytic challenges. Moves to “bring the state and other political institutions back in” have been focused on politics, while the scholars taking the various cultural turns have focused on power. The conceptualizations of power and politics have been sundered along with the scholarly communities deploying them. I address both communities and argue for new ways of understanding power and politics emerging from renewed encounters between institutionalist and culturalist analyses. Such encounters and the conceptual work that they will produce can help us reforge a productive alliance between history and the social sciences.

Balance Within and Across Domains: The Performance Implications of Exploration and Exploitation in Alliances

Organizational research advocates that firms balance exploration and exploitation, yet it acknowledges inherent challenges in reconciling these opposing activities. To overcome these challenges, such research suggests that firms establish organizational separation between exploring and exploiting units or engage in temporal separation whereby they oscillate between exploration and exploitation over time. Nevertheless, these approaches entail resource allocation trade-offs and conflicting organizational routines, which may undermine organizational performance as firms seek to balance exploration and exploitation within a discrete field of organizational activity (i.e., domain). We posit that firms can overcome such impediments and enhance their performance if they explore in one domain while exploiting in another. Studying the alliance portfolios of software firms, we demonstrate that firms do not typically benefit from balancing exploration and exploitation within the function domain (technology versus marketing and production alliances) and structure domain (new versus prior partners). Nevertheless, firms that balance exploration and exploitation across these domains by engaging in research and development alliances while collaborating with their prior partners, or alternatively, by forming marketing and production alliances while seeking new partners, gain in profits and market value. Moreover, we reveal that increases in firm size that exacerbate resource allocation trade-offs and routine rigidity reinforce the benefits of balance across domains and the costs of balance within domains. Our domain separation approach offers new insights into how firms can benefit from balancing exploration and exploitation. What matters is not simply whether firms balance exploration and exploitation in their alliance formation decisions but the means by which they achieve such balance.

Asymmetric Bromolactonization Catalyzed by a C3‐Symmetric Chiral Trisimidazoline

A productive alliance: In an enantioselective organocatalytic bromolactonization of 5-substituted hex-5-enoic acids (see scheme), it appears that the formation of an ion pair through interaction of the trisimidazoline catalyst 1 with the substrate both creates a chiral environment and promotes the cyclization by activating the carboxylic acid. DBDMH=1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.

Sergei Eisenstein's ¡Qué viva México! through time: Historicizing value judgement

This article explores several versions of Sergei Eisenstein's unfinished film ¡Qué viva México! (1932) assembled by different filmmakers in the 1930s, 1970s and 1990s. While each one of the versions claimed to ‘get as close to Eisenstein's vision as possible’ soon after its release it was judged to represent yet another example of inaccurate reading and reconstruction of the unattainable, but allegedly perfect, vision of Eisenstein. By the same token, none of the versions has ever been considered and acknowledged in its own right: in terms of what it reveals, rather than lacks. Reversing this historical trend I approach the multiple versions of ¡Qué viva México! as a unique methodological opportunity offering material testimony of how values and readings shift and mutate through time, how judgements of taste and beauty are intertwined with changing ideologies and politics, and how the ‘death of the author’ ushers in not the unlimited freedom to read and interpret texts but historically specific and constrained ways of engaging with authorial vision. As such, this discussion of ¡Qué viva México! bears on another important issue – material plurality of film as a condition of film study – and becomes instrumental in forging a productive alliance between film theory, film history, and curatorial and archival practice.

Managing Financial Conflict of Interest in Biomedical Research

As the nation’s biomedical research agency, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) must ensure that the research it funds on the behalf of US taxpayers is scientifically rigorous and free of bias. Over the course of more than 65 years and hundreds of thousands of awards, most researchers receiving funds from NIH have proved to be trustworthy stewards. Still, more must be done to retain, and in some instances regain, public trust in the biomedical and behavioral research enterprise. The public may not always understand the intricacies of rigorous science, but most individuals quickly grasp the concept of bias. Plain and simple, Americans do not want financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) to influence the federally funded research they hope will yield better ways to fight disease and improve health. Managing FCOI in biomedical and behavioral research, however, can prove to be a major challenge because of the complex relationships among government, academia, and industry. Partnerships between NIH-funded researchers and industry are often essential to the process of moving discoveries from the bench to the bedside. These relationships manifest as consultant agreements, in published works, and through a variety of other productive alliances. However, such relationships can sometimes lead to FCOI that may compromise—or appear to compromise—the integrity of research supported by NIH. The US Public Health Service, of which NIH is a part, is the only federal agency to have regulations regarding FCOI in research.1 In addition to the individual responsibilities ascribed to NIH-funded investigators, institutions that receive NIH funding have responsibilities to develop policies to implement the regulations and to adhere to such policies. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that the existing federal regulations, which were promulgated in 1995, need to be clarified and strengthened to ensure greater transparency and accountability. Without such changes, even more instances of real or perceived FCOI will likely be encountered in the future. The following scenarios, which incorporate various elements of real-life cases, illustrate some of the many challenges that need to be addressed. University X. The principal investigator of an NIH-supported clinical trial at university X fails to disclose more than $750 000 in payments for serving on an advisory panel for a company involved in the trial. Although the researcher followed the university’s policies concerning financial disclosure, NIH suspends the trial and requires all grant applications from university X to include details of investigators’ FCOI. Subsequently, university X develops and implements new processes for managing FCOI. NIH lifts the special award conditions. Investigator Y. Because she is an NIH grantee, investigator Y discloses to her university that she received lecture fees of “more than $10 000” annually over the past decade from a company developing a drug based on her laboratory’s findings. In fact, investigator Y receives more than $500 000 annually in such fees. However, investigator Y does not violate her university’s policy or the current federal rules because they do not require researchers to identify the precise amounts received from drug makers. The university decides to revise its FCOI policy. Institution Z. NIH imposes special conditions on all grant awards to institution Z, citing deficiencies in its FCOI rules. The action follows institution Z’s failure to report to NIH more than $1 million in company payments that a researcher received for promoting a new diagnostic test. The NIH-supported investigator fulfilled institution Z’s disclosure requirements, but those requirements were not in compliance with federal regulations. An ensuing investigation by institution Z finds that the researcher had no actual FCOI related to his NIH-supported research. Still, institution Z works with NIH to revise its policy and procedures to ensure they are consistent with federal regulations.

Managing Multiple Facets of Risk in New Product Alliances*

ABSTRACTThe trend of forming alliances to develop new products continues; however, many of these new product alliances fail. As such we explore how key risk types intrinsic in new product alliances, performance, relational, and knowledge appropriation risks, influence alliance success. Further, we theorize that different alliance governance mechanisms can reduce the negative impact of risks on alliance success. To disentangle possible heterogeneous factors across firms that may affect the interplay of risk assessments and the use of governance mechanisms, we employ latent class regression analysis on survey data collected from 128 new product alliance firms and find support for a two‐regime solution. Longer alliance relationships and lower technological turbulence are factors for some firms (regime one), while the opposite are factors for other firms (regime two). These two regimes show different patterns in the interplay of risk assessments and governance for alliance success. Our theory and results support viewing risk as a multiple‐factor concept and by understanding the different impacts of the risk types in new product alliances and how governance mechanisms mitigate such effects, we aid managers' decision making regarding the balance of contractual versus normative governance in new product alliances. Understanding the heterogeneous factors inherent in these complex relationships enables managers to understand the conditions in which various governance mechanisms promote new product alliance success.

Apparitions of Asia: Modernist Form and Asian American Poets (review)

Park, Josephine Nock-Hee, 2008. Apparitions of Asia: Modernist Form and Asian American Poets. Oxford: Oxford University Press. $55 h.c. 208 pp.Josephine Nock-Hee Park's Apparitions of Asia: Modernist Form and Asian American Poets is eloquent and valuable addition to emergent field of transpacific studies. In her book, Park probes into controversial, yet productive alliances between Asia and America, focusing specifically on American and Asian American poetry's trafficking in western and eastern images of Asia from modernist of Ezra Pound and Gary Snyder's Zen ethics, to experimental aesthetics of Bandit poets Garrett Kaoru Hongo, Alan Chong Lau, and Lawson Fusao Inada. Park concludes her book with astute examination of poetic innovations by contemporary female Asian American writers Hak Kuyng Cha and Myung Mi Kim. Perhaps most poignant aspect of book is Park's attempt to trace ways in which transpacific aesthetics of 1960s and post-1 960s Asian American poets have been haunted by an ongoing American with deep roots in modernist era (19), and specifically by the of Ezra Pound's intricate conversion of Confucianism and Asian influences. Invoking ghost of Pound as a major, albeit spectral influence on post-1960s Asian American poetic strategies, Park sets out to explore ways in which American modernist reappears, but also triggers new forms of Asian American poetic innovation.The first chapter opens with a provocative homage to Ezra Pound's vision of a new, enlightened Sino-America, a vision inspired by Ernest Fenollosa whose papers Pound creatively transcribed in 1915 collection titled Cathay. As Park emphasizes, apart from Cathay, Fenollosa's The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for Poetry played a formative role in Pound's Imagist poetics and echoed throughout his Cantos, where vision of American renewal is laced with Confucian reverberations of coherence and harmony. Such reverberations come under attack in second chapter, where focus shifts to Gary Snyder's Beatific Orientalism that marked ideological and artistic departure from Pound's Confucian China to Beats' embrace of nature and Japanese Buddhism. At heart of Snyder's celebration of nature and Buddhism, as Park argues, was nonetheless a Pound-like nostalgia for a re-figured America where journey to Zen enlightenment was re-framed once again as imperial [albeit anti-civilizational] fantasy (90) . While Pound and Snyder strove to politicize American spirit through transpacific allusions, emergent Asian American poets of 1960s and post-1 960s wrestled with complexity of their transnational, yet deeply racialized (or, to put it in Park's terms, orientalized) heritage. The third chapter focuses on mapping ways in which distinct generations of Asian American poets, from Beat-influenced Buddha Bandits (Hongo, Lau, and Inada) to Albert Saijo and Victor Wong, navigated between apparitions of 'Asianness' they inherited and phantom poetics they generated. The chapter exposes struggle for authentic Asian American voice as empowering yet potentially exclusivist gesture that has contributed to further marginalization of Asian American artists. This argument is further developed in fourth chapter where Park focuses on highly experimental works of Korean American poets Theresa Hak Kyung Cha and Myung Mi Kim. Park devotes majority of chapter to a discussion of Cha's Dictee, which she reads as a revised modernist epic poem whose multifingual and narrative complexity is deployed as a testament to literary modernism, with its predilection for formal difficulty and its location of cultural renewal in textual adventures (127). …

To Hope Till Hope Creates: A Reply to “What Does Pragmatic Meliorism Mean for Rhetoric?”1

Stroud suggests that rhetoric and pragmatism will both gain by more interplay. He goes further, arguing that the results will yield a form of rhetorical practice that comes closer to activating the merits of theoretical pragmatism. The problem that develops, though, is one of definition. What does Stroud mean by the terms he uses? If rhetoric and pragmatism remained ill-defined, the chances for a productive alliance—and the melioristic results that might follow—are greatly diminished.

Comunidades protagonistas en el logro de estilos de vida saludables

Background The promotion of health and nutrition is aimed to improve life conditions and the development of societies, where the communities have the leading role towards change. The Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano (Antímano Center for the Attention to Child Nutrition), implements from the preventive care, a program for Community Nutrition in a suburban zone of Caracas for the purpose of turning the community into the leaders to attain a healthy lifestyle. Methods The strategic guidelines are oriented towards: increasing population awareness, training community health promoters (PCS), seeking to incorporate teachers, parents, children and teenagers, nursery and preschool personnel and workers from primary health attention centers. Results 96% of the community has been involved, 4,991 persons motivated into action; 297 organizations; 63 productive alliances; 327 PCS's; 83% of school participation, 66% implementing adequate breakfasts; nutritional counseling and education in 68% of preschools and 100% in nurseries; diagnosis improvement (39 to 100%) in referrals from outpatient clinics to CANIA. Conclusiones The action is based on exchange of knowledge and increase of awareness about reality and the orientations, on how to do what must be done from the perspective of each actor within its context.

Red and Green: Towards a Cross-Fertilisation of Labour and Environmental History

The three articles and research note in this thematic section explore intersections between labour history and environmental history, including productive alliances and tensions between the two. This introductory essay contextualises these studies by considering the nature of environmental history, its historiographical development, key contributions to the field in Australia and elsewhere, theoretical stances in the field, and what it is that environmental history can 'offer' labour history.

DEATH OF DISTANCE? — BIOTECHNOLOGY AGGLOMERATION PATTERNS, ALLIANCE PROXIMITY, AND FIRM PERFORMANCE

Leading biopharmaceutical firms need to dynamically optimize pipeline portfolios of internally and externally generated product candidates to ensure sustainable growth. This paper provides an empirical analysis of leading global biotechnology firms with respect to technology agglomeration patterns, proximity to alliance partners, and firm performance for the period 1996–2006. Findings suggest that the absolute number of technology and product alliances were approximately twice as important as proximity to partners in terms of firm performance. These results indicate that a strategy of relentless pipeline building, without regard to geographic proximity of alliance partners, may enhance relative and absolute performance of biopharmaceutical industry leaders.

Environmental Justice Goes Underground? Historical Notes from Canada's Northern Mining Frontier

Industrial mining in Canada's territorial north has produced negative social, economic, and environmental consequences for aboriginal communities in the region since the early twentieth century. Many of these historical impacts persist: toxic sites associated with abandoned mines located within aboriginal traditional territories have become a source of great concern in recent years. It is difficult, however, to analyze historic mining activity within the traditional siting debate that has dominated the environmental justice movement in North America, as mining companies invariably locate where economic ore bodies exist. Instead, we argue that northern mining conflicts might best be understood through a productive alliance of North American environmental justice with insights from political ecology, a sub-discipline that has traditionally focused on environmental injustices in Third World settings, particularly local conflicts over access to resources that originate with colonialism and the expansion of global capital.

Pengaruh Variabel Kesesuaian Merk dan Sikap Konsumen pada Sebuah Merk Individu terhadap Sikap Konsumen pada Merk Hasil Aliansi

Brand alliances is a popular phenomenom in today's marketing activities. Although that concept has grown in popularity, there has been a little research model that explains the conffict of these alliances on consumer attitudes toward the alliances itself. This research tested relationship between three alliances variables with consumer attitudes toward brand alliances. With between subject experimental design, and the product alliances is between notebook and processor, the result of the research confirmed that attitude toward individual brand before alliances and brand it influenced consumer attitudes toward brand alliances significantly.Keywords : Brand, marketing, customer, attitude.

Freedom from Violence, Freedom to Make the World: Muslim Women’s Memoirs, Gendered Violence, and Voices for Change in Germany

In recent years several bestselling autobiographies in Germany have reinforced a discourse in which domestic violence in immigrant communities is attributed to a backward, Muslim culture. The media as well as the German state turn to authors such as Necla Kelek and Seyran Ateş as “experts” who claim the right to represent immigrant women’s concerns, but their prominence obscures activists’ attempt to end both domestic violence and forms of cultural racism. This article contextualizes these autobiographies in a larger discourse of modernity that presumes secularism serves to regulate violence. I then analyze the discursive strategies employed by Kelek and Ateş, and juxtapose their narratives with Fadela Amara’s description of the French group Ni Putes ni Soumises (Neither Whores nor Submissives). I argue that the popularity of narratives portraying violence against women as necessarily and intrinsically a part of Islam functions to silence many activists of immigrant heritage, preventing effective activism against violence as well as productive alliances between groups fighting violence in multiple forms. (BMW)

Trust formation in Korean new product alliances: How important are pre-existing social ties?

The focus of this study is on the nature and influence of social connections versus other relational mechanisms on trust formation in an emerging Asian economy. We examine the role of communication quality, perceived fairness, and pre-existing social relationships for the formation of trust in 47 vertical new product development alliances in South Korea. The empirical results indicate a relatively minor importance of pre-existing social ties vis-a-vis communication quality and fairness for the development of trust. Contrary to widespread perceptions, pre-existing social ties do not appear to directly contribute to establishing trust with external alliance partners in Korea. Multiple explanations are offered for this unexpected finding. Instead, existing social relationships moderate the importance of fairness for trust formation. When conducting partnerships with Korean firms, managers should focus more on a quality communication and fair behavior when trust formation is the objective, than on social connections.