Product Representation Research Articles

DeepSimDEF: deep neural embeddings of gene products and gene ontology terms for functional analysis of genes.

MotivationThere is a plethora of measures to evaluate functional similarity (FS) of genes based on their co-expression, protein–protein interactions and sequence similarity. These measures are typically derived from hand-engineered and application-specific metrics to quantify the degree of shared information between two genes using their Gene Ontology (GO) annotations.ResultsWe introduce deepSimDEF, a deep learning method to automatically learn FS estimation of gene pairs given a set of genes and their GO annotations. deepSimDEF’s key novelty is its ability to learn low-dimensional embedding vector representations of GO terms and gene products and then calculate FS using these learned vectors. We show that deepSimDEF can predict the FS of new genes using their annotations: it outperformed all other FS measures by >5–10% on yeast and human reference datasets on protein–protein interactions, gene co-expression and sequence homology tasks. Thus, deepSimDEF offers a powerful and adaptable deep neural architecture that can benefit a wide range of problems in genomics and proteomics, and its architecture is flexible enough to support its extension to any organism.Availability and implementationSource code and data are available at https://github.com/ahmadpgh/deepSimDEFSupplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Estimation of Composite Laminate Ply Angles Using an Inverse Bayesian Approach Based on Surrogate Models

AbstractA digital twin (DT) relies on a detailed, virtual representation of a physical product. Since uncertainties and deviations can lead to significant changes in the functionality and quality of products, they should be considered in the DT. However, valuable product properties are often hidden and thus difficult to integrate into a DT. In this work, a Bayesian inverse approach based on surrogate models is applied to infer hidden composite laminate ply angles from strain measurements. The approach is able to find the true values even for ill-posed problems and shows good results up to 6 plies.

Improving Mixed-Reality Prototyping through a Classification and Characterisation of Fidelity

AbstractPrototyping is a vital activity in product development. For reasons of time, cost and level of definition, low fidelity representations of products are used to advance understanding and progress design. With the advent of Mixed Reality prototyping, the ways in which abstractions of different fidelities can be created have multiplied, but there is no guidance on how best to specify this abstraction. In this paper, a taxonomy of the dimensions of product fidelity is proposed so that both designers and researchers can better understand how fidelity can be managed to maximise prototype value.

IoTwins: Toward Implementation of Distributed Digital Twins in Industry 4.0 Settings

While the digital twins paradigm has attracted the interest of several research communities over the past twenty years, it has also gained ground recently in industrial environments, where mature technologies such as cloud, edge and IoT promise to enable the cost-effective implementation of digital twins. In the industrial manufacturing field, a digital model refers to a virtual representation of a physical product or process that integrates data taken from various sources, such as application program interface (API) data, historical data, embedded sensor data and open data, and that is capable of providing manufacturers with unprecedented insights into the product’s expected performance or the defects that may cause malfunctions. The EU-funded IoTwins project aims to build a solid platform that manufacturers can access to develop hybrid digital twins (DTs) of their assets, deploy them as close to the data origin as possible (on IoT gateway or on edge nodes) and take advantage of cloud-based resources to off-load intensive computational tasks such as, e.g., big data analytics and machine learning (ML) model training. In this paper, we present the main research goals of the IoTwins project and discuss its reference architecture, platform functionalities and building components. Finally, we discuss an industry-related use case that showcases how manufacturers can leverage the potential of the IoTwins platform to develop and execute distributed DTs for the the predictive-maintenance purpose.

Edible Matrix Code with Photogenic Silk Proteins.

Counterfeit medicines are a healthcare security problem, posing not only a direct threat to patient safety and public health but also causing heavy economic losses. Current anticounterfeiting methods are limited due to the toxicity of the constituent materials and the focus of secondary packaging level protections. We introduce an edible, imperceptible, and scalable matrix code of information representation and data storage for pharmaceutical products. This matrix code is digestible as it is composed of silk fibroin genetically encoded with fluorescent proteins produced by ecofriendly, sustainable silkworm farming. Three distinct fluorescence emission colors are incorporated into a multidimensional parameter space with a variable encoding capacity in a format of matrix arrays. This code is smartphone-readable to extract a digitized security key augmented by a deep neural network for overcoming fabrication imperfections and a cryptographic hash function for enhanced security. The biocompatibility, photostability, thermal stability, long-term reliability, and low bit error ratio of the code support the immediate feasibility for dosage-level anticounterfeit measures and authentication features. The edible code affixed to each medicine can serve as serialization, track and trace, and authentication at the dosage level, empowering every patient to play a role in combating illicit pharmaceuticals.

Infinite Product Representation for the Szegö Kernel for an Annulus

The Szegö kernel has many applications to problems in conformal mapping and satisfies the Kerzman-Stein integral equation. The Szegö kernel for an annulus can be expressed as a bilateral series and has a unique zero. In this paper, we show how to represent the Szegö kernel for an annulus as a basic bilateral series (also known as q -bilateral series). This leads to an infinite product representation through the application of Ramanujan’s sum. The infinite product clearly exhibits the unique zero of the Szegö kernel for an annulus. Its connection with the basic gamma function and modified Jacobi theta function is also presented. The results are extended to the Szegö kernel for general annulus and weighted Szegö kernel. Numerical comparisons on computing the Szegö kernel for an annulus based on the Kerzman-Stein integral equation, the bilateral series, and the infinite product are also presented.

The string little algebra

We consider the string, like point particles and branes, to be an irreducible representation of the semi-direct product of the Cartan involution invariant subalgebra of [Formula: see text] and its vector representation. We show that the subalgebra that preserves the string charges, the string little algebra, is essentially the Borel subalgebra of [Formula: see text]. We also show that the known string physical states carry a representation of parts of this algebra.

350 Investigating the Architecture of Speech Processing Pathways in the Brain

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Speech production requires mapping between sound-based and motor-based neural representations of a word – accomplished by learning internal models. However, the neural bases of these internal models remain unclear. The aim of this study is to provide experimental evidence for these internal models in the brain during speech production. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: 16 healthy human adults were recruited for this electrooculography speech study. 20 English pseudowords were designed to vary on confusability along specific features of articulation (place vs manner). All words were controlled for length and voicing. Three task conditions were performed: speech perception, covert and overt speech production. EEG was recorded using a 64-channel Biosemi ActiveTwo system. EMG was recorded on the orbicularis orbis inferior and neck strap muscles. Overt productions were recorded with a high-quality microphone to determine overt production onset. EMG during was used to determine covert production onset. Neuroimaging: Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA), was used to probe the sound- and motor-based neural representations over sensors and time for each task. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Production (motor) and perception (sound) neural representations were calculated using a cross-validated squared Euclidean distance metric. The RSA results in the speech perception task show a strong selectivity around 150ms, which is compatible with recent human electrocorticography findings in human superior temporal gyrus. Parietal sensors showed a large difference for motor-based neural representations, indicating a strong encoding for production related processes, as hypothesized by previous studies on the ventral and dorsal stream model of language. Temporal sensors, however, showed a large change for both motor- and sound-based neural representations. This is a surprising result since temporal regions are believed to be primarily engaged in perception (sound-based) processes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study used neuroimaging (EEG) and advanced multivariate pattern analysis (RSA) to test models of production (motor-) and perception (sound-) based neural representations in three different speech task conditions. These results show strong feasibility of this approach to map how the perception and production processes interact in the brain.

Study of Water Desorption Isotherms from Cocoa Beans (Theobroma Cacao L.) of Cameroon

The aim of this work was the determination of desorption isotherms from cocoa beans at different temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C and 45°C), moisture ratio (10% and 90%). Gravimetric method and different temperatures were used to get the experimental moisture ratio at equilibrium. Experimental data were adjusted to mathematical isotherm models frequently used for the hygroscopic representation of agricultural products. Cocoa beans varied from 0 to 13% moisture ratio equilibrium. Obtained results showed that the moisture ratio at equilibrium decreases as temperature increases for the same relative humidity. Statistical parameters, modified the Oswin model, GAB, Iglesias Chirife Hasley and Chungs Pfost modified model better represented hygroscopic balance for cocoa beans than Henderson modified and Harkings Jura models. Desorption isotherm models are important for the determination of desorption energy and drying models. The desorption isotherms of cocoa beans were satisfactorily modeled by modified Oswin, GAB, Iglesias, Chirife, Halsey, and modified Chungs Pfost, which can be used as tools in the prediction and optimization of storage conditions in a wide range of water activities and temperatures.

Billboard Advertisement and Racial Perception in Ghana

This paper examines why business people in Ghana prefer using images of white people on their billboard outdoor advertisements. To attain the study’s objective, a cross-sectional survey was used. Data was collected from only a section of retail and wholesale businesses within the Ejisu and Juaben districts in the Ashanti Region of Ghana which use images of white people on their billboard outdoor advertisement. The survey findings show that retail and wholesale businesses use images of white people on their outdoor billboard advertisements because they are more attractive than images of black people. Also, the use of images of white people indicates a seal of professionalism, desirability, and quality services. The survey’s discovery reveals the racial perceptions of the white race in comparison with the black race by most African business people. The usage of the images of white people as the symbolic representation of ideal beauty, attractions, quality products and services, and model of authentic marketization has unfolded some of the factors that stymie the utilization of the images of the black people on an outdoor billboard advertisement. This paper contends that there is a necessity for a balanced moral reasoning and constructive racial perception of images of black people and self-identification. Keywords: advertisement, billboard advertisement, racial perception, people of colour.

Radius of k-Parabolic Starlikeness for Some Entire Functions

This article considers three types of analytic functions based on their infinite product representation. The radius of the k-parabolic starlikeness of the functions of these classes is studied. The optimal parameter values for k-parabolic starlike functions are determined in the unit disk. Several examples are provided that include special functions such as Bessel, Struve, Lommel, and q-Bessel functions.

An adaptive feature extraction method for classification of Covid-19 X-ray images.

This study aims to detect Covid-19 disease in the fastest and most accurate way from X-ray images by developing a new feature extraction method and deep learning model . Partitioned Tridiagonal Enhanced Multivariance Products Representation (PTMEMPR) method is proposed as a new feature extraction method by using matrix partition in TMEMPR method which is known as matrix decomposition method in the literature. The proposed method which provides 99.9% data reduction is used as a preprocessing method in the scheme of the Covid-19 diagnosis. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, it is compared with the state-of-the-art feature extraction methods which are Singular Value Decomposition(SVD), Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT). Also new deep learning models which are called FSMCov, FSMCov-N and FSMCov-L are developed in this study. The experimental results indicate that the combination of newly proposed feature extraction method and deep learning models yield an overall accuracy 99.8%.

Image Representational Path of Regional Cultural and Creative Products Based on Genetic Algorithm.

Wenchuang product is the abbreviation of cultural and creative products, which is a modern extension of traditional culture. Its dissemination is conducive to enhancing the popularity, appeal, and influence of Chinese traditional culture. As an important carrier and manifestation of cultural and creative industries, Wenchuang products are the integration of regional cultural industry development and the dominant presentation of regional politics, culture, and economy. As a highly parallel, random, and adaptive search algorithm, genetic algorithm has been widely used in personalized product design, conceptual design, product optimization design, and intelligent design, etc. Based on the genetic algorithm, this paper studies the image representation of regional cultural and creative products. In the field of image representation design of regional cultural and creative products, tree structure coding, real number coding, binary coding, etc. are widely used in this field, and these coding methods all meet the innovative requirements of designers. In the field of image representation design of regional cultural and creative products, genetic coding, as a very important part of applying genetic algorithm, plays a very important role in its research and application.

Joint shelf design and shelf space allocation problem for retailers

Effective design of planograms in a retail store can improve the visual representation of products on shelves. Existing approaches, however, assume that the shelf length and height are fixed, which can result in unused space on the planogram and suboptimal assignment of product facings, both resulting in reduced revenue for the retailer. To address this real-world challenge, we introduce the joint shelf design and shelf space allocation (JSD-SSA) problem, which determines the optimal shelf design along with product placement considering product family constraints. We propose a decomposition-based approach, which first partitions the planogram area considering product families and then allocates products in that family to the partitioned area. Our novel hybrid approach relies on Particle Swarm Optimization for partitioning and Constraint Programming for product assignment. We also propose two metrics; one to measure variation in product shapes within and between product families, and another to measure the space tightness of a planogram. Experiments indicate that shorter shelf lengths can increase retailers’ profit by up to 37% depending on the product-family shape variation. Higher within-family shape variation can result in higher revenue. Additionally, if product and planogram dimensions share a common factor or multiple, then more compact planograms can be designed, in turn reducing unused space and increasing a retailer's profit. Our approach is general enough to handle gondola, peg, bin, and mixed type of shelving typically found in retail stores.

Independent Sun Care Product Screening for Benzene Contamination.

Independent Sun Care Product Screening for Benzene Contamination.

Bananas: conflicting representations in Central America and the United States

This essay analyzes the conflicting representations of the banana production in a Nicaraguan novel and in anAmerican cinematographic sequence published soon thereafter. To demonstratemy thesis, I first explore theeconomic relevance of the banana in Central America and review the historical context on how the bananaproduction led the US multinational United Fruit Company to gain both an exclusive monopoly on bananatrade, and an excessive influence on the governments of the region. I then propose a critical reading of Bananos(1942) by the Nicaraguan writer Emilio Quintana that highlights the thematic and stylistic features ofthe banana exploitation narrative as a tool of denunciation. I contrast representations of banana productionin Quintana’s novel with that of The Lady in the Tutti Frutti Hat, a sequence in the movie The Gang’s All Here(1943)which associates banana productionwith the so-called Latin American exoticism. By analyzing culturalrepresentations of banana production in these texts, this essay puts forth a comparative model of the bananaas cultural signifier.While in Central America, bananas come to symbolize the oppression and povertyof local peoples, in the United States that same fruit represents consumerism and abundance.

Combinatorial Hopf algebras from representations of families of wreath products

We construct Hopf algebras whose elements are representations of combinatorial automorphism groups, by generalising a theorem of Zelevinsky on Hopf algebras of representations of wreath products. As an application we attach symmetric functions to representations of graph automorphism groups, generalising and refining Stanley's chromatic symmetric function.

Моделювання профілів спеціалістів для планування та виконання проєктів зі створення інноваційних виробів аерокосмічної техніки

The problem of staffing for the implementation of projects to create innovative products of aerospace technology (ACT) is developed and solved. The relevance of the study is related to the modeling of specialist profiles to acquire the competencies necessary to complete the project on the new AST product creation. The study creates the set of competencies necessary for the implementation of the project to create AST products by training (retraining) specialists, considering the requirements of the industry professional standards (IPS) and the requirements competencies necessary for the new project. Much attention is paid to the architecture of the complex AST product, which is presented as a set of components. The basic product (BP) representation is done in the form of typical components which creation is associated with the necessary specialties and competencies that meet the requirements of the IPS. Specialties contain many competencies, which, in their turn, are divided into knowledge, skills, and abilities. The project to create the new AST product includes the product architecture, which may differ from the BP architecture and therefore requires the activities to develop the new components. To represent the component architecture, specialties, and competencies of the developers, the precedent base (PBBP) is used. The comparison of new product architectures and BP is carried out using both qualitative and quantitative assessments. For qualitative assessments, linguistic variables and the lexicographic ordering of variants are used. Quantitative evaluations are used to compare and evaluate the proximity of the technical characteristics of the components of the new product and BP. The assessment of the closeness of the specialties and competencies required in the new project and existing in the PBBP is carried out using qualitative assessments presented in the form of letters of the Latin alphabet. An optimization model was developed to minimize the difference in competencies based on scores. The optimization is carried out using integer (Boolean) linear programming. Admissible values of costs, time, and risks associated with the training (retraining) of specialists for the implementation of the project to create the new AST product are used as restrictions. An example of how to create the competencies for the implementation of the project to create helicopter blades from composite materials is given. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the development of a method to staff the implementation of innovative projects to create the new AST products using component and competence-based approaches. It is recommended to use the results of this study to staff the implementation of the project created the innovative AST product with a complex component architecture.

Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: dominant role of secondary ice production

Abstract. High ice water content (HIWC) regions in tropical deep convective clouds, composed of high concentrations of small ice crystals, were not reproduced by Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations at 1 km horizontal grid spacing using four different bulk microphysics schemes (i.e., the WRF single‐moment 6‐class microphysics scheme (WSM6), the Morrison scheme and the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) scheme with one- and two-ice options) for conditions encountered during the High Altitude Ice Crystals (HAIC) and HIWC experiment. Instead, overestimates of radar reflectivity and underestimates of ice number concentrations were realized. To explore formation mechanisms for large numbers of small ice crystals in tropical convection, a series of quasi-idealized WRF simulations varying the model resolution, aerosol profile, and representation of secondary ice production (SIP) processes are conducted based on an observed radiosonde released at Cayenne during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign. The P3 two-ice category configuration, which has two “free” ice categories to represent all ice-phase hydrometeors, is used. Regardless of the horizontal grid spacing or aerosol profile used, without including SIP processes the model produces total ice number concentrations about 2 orders of magnitude less than observed at −10 ∘C and about an order of magnitude less than observed at −30 ∘C but slightly overestimates the total ice number concentrations at −45 ∘C. Three simulations including one of three SIP mechanisms separately (i.e., the Hallett–Mossop mechanism, fragmentation during ice–ice collisions, and shattering of freezing droplets) also do not replicate observed HIWCs, with the results of the simulation including shattering of freezing droplets most closely resembling the observations. The simulation including all three SIP processes produces HIWC regions at all temperature levels, remarkably consistent with the observations in terms of ice number concentrations and radar reflectivity, which is not replicated using the original P3 two-ice category configuration. This simulation shows that primary ice production plays a key role in generating HIWC regions at temperatures <-40 ∘C, shattering of freezing droplets dominates ice particle production in HIWC regions at temperatures between −15 and 0 ∘C during the early stage of convection, and fragmentation during ice–ice collisions dominates at temperatures between −15 and 0 ∘C during the later stage of convection and at temperatures between −40 and −20 ∘C over the whole convection period. This study confirms the dominant role of SIP processes in the formation of numerous small crystals in HIWC regions.

Algebraic representation of dual scalar products and stabilization of saddle point problems

We provide a systematic way to design computable bilinear forms which, on the class of subspaces W \subseteq \mathcal{V}' that can be obtained by duality from a given finite dimensional subspace W of an Hilbert space \mathcal{V} , are spectrally equivalent to the scalar product of \mathcal{V}' . In the spirit of Baiocchi–Brezzi (1993) and Bertoluzza (1998), such bilinear forms can be used to build a stabilized discretization algorithm for the solution of an abstract saddle point problem allowing to decouple, in the choice of the discretization spaces, the requirements related to the approximation from the ones related to the inf-sup compatibility condition, which, however, can not be completely avoided.