Food Recall Research Articles

Family firms and product recalls: an event study for the US automobile industry

PurposeThis study explores whether the unique organizational form of family firms helps to mitigate the negative effects caused by the announcement of product recalls.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use an event study, for a sample of 2,576 product recalls in the United States (US) automobile industry, between January 2010 and June 2021.FindingsThe authors found that stock market's reaction to a product recall announcement is less negative for family firms. This superior performance is partially driven by the family firms' long-term investment horizons and higher strategic emphasis on product quality. However, the relationship between family ownership and cumulative abnormal returns around product recall announcements is nonlinear as the impact of family ownership starts by being positive but becomes negative for higher levels of family ownership. The authors also find that family firm's chief executive officer (CEO) and managerial ownership influence positively the stock market reaction to product recall announcements.Practical implicationsThis work has several implications for family firms' management as well as for investors and financial analysts. First, as higher managerial ownership is associated with a greater emphasis on product quality, decreasing stock market losses when a product recall occurs, family firms should consider increasing equity-based compensation. Second, as there seems to exist an optimal proportion of family ownership, family firms should consider the risks of increasing too much their ownership share. Third, investors and financial analysts can use the results in the study to help them in their investment and trading decisions in the stock market.Originality/valueThe authors extend the knowledge of product recalls by studying the under-researched role of the flexible, internally focused culture of family businesses on the stock market reaction to product recalls.

Assessment Nutritional Status of Elderly People at Old Folk Home in Klang Valley

Background & Aims: Undernutrition has a detrimental effect on health, especially in elderly individuals.Early detection of malnutrition and malnutrition risk allows for timely prevention and initiation of the necessary nutritional support. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among elderly residents at the old folk home in Selangor, Malaysia. Materials and methods: A total of 46 Klang valley nursing facility residents were enrolled for this cross-sectional study. The Mini Nutritional AssessmentShort Form (MNA-SF), 24-hour food recall, Food frequency questionnaire, Habitual physical activity, 24- hours physical activity recall, and anthropometric measurements were used to assess malnutrition by a trained healthcare professional. Results: Of the 46 participants, 41% had adequate nutrition, 11% had malnutrition, and 48% had malnutrition risk. According to BMI, 6.7% of the population was underweight, 35.6% were overweight, 11.1% were obese, and 46.7% were normal weight. The energy consumption was 2453.9(±421.6) kcal for female residents and 2248.2(±536.5) kcal for male residents, which was higher than the Recommended Nutrient consumption (RNI). Contrary to the cereals and grains category, it was determined that enough fruits and vegetables were consumed, as advised by the Food Pyramid. Consumption of milk and dairy products was higher than suggested by the Food Pyramid. Among older adults who are sedentary and inactive, results showed a higher incidence of malnutrition than those who were at risk for it. The amount of daily energy consumed surpassed the RNI, and the elderly did not consume enough of the food groups as advised by the Food Pyramid.

Consumption of ultra-processed products is associated with vitamin D deficiency in Brazilian adults and elderly.

Although studies show that the intake of ultra-processed products (UPP) has a negative impact on health, diet quality and dietary vitamin D, its influence on serum concentrations of this vitamin remains unknown; therefore, it is essential to verify the association between the UPP consumption and vitamin D deficiency. This is a cross-sectional, household, population-based study, carried out with 229 individuals aged 20 years or older, residents of the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Socio-demographic, lifestyle, food consumption and anthropometric data were collected. Food consumption was obtained using a 24-h food recall, and foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification. Plasma concentrations of calcidiol-25 (OH) D3 were determined by HPLC. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between UPP consumption and vitamin D deficiency. Most individuals aged 20-39 years were vitamin D deficient (52·1 %). UPP contributed 19·9 % to the energetic intake of the participant's diet. This contribution was higher for individuals with vitamin D deficiency (22·5 %, P = 0·04). In addition, a high intake of UPP was associated with twice the risk of vitamin D deficiency in comparison with low consumption of UPP (OR: 2·05; CI 1·06, 4·50; P: 0·04). Our results suggest that the consumption of UPP may have a negative impact on serum concentrations of vitamin D; more studies are needed.

Bacteriophages for the Targeted Control of Foodborne Pathogens.

Foodborne illness is exacerbated by novel and emerging pathotypes, persistent contamination, antimicrobial resistance, an ever-changing environment, and the complexity of food production systems. Sporadic and outbreak events of common foodborne pathogens like Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC), Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes are increasingly identified. Methods of controlling human infections linked with food products are essential to improve food safety and public health and to avoid economic losses associated with contaminated food product recalls and litigations. Bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive additional weapon in the ongoing search for preventative measures to improve food safety and public health. However, like all other antimicrobial interventions that are being employed in food production systems, phages are not a panacea to all food safety challenges. Therefore, while phage-based biocontrol can be promising in combating foodborne pathogens, their antibacterial spectrum is generally narrower than most antibiotics. The emergence of phage-insensitive single-cell variants and the formulation of effective cocktails are some of the challenges faced by phage-based biocontrol methods. This review examines phage-based applications at critical control points in food production systems with an emphasis on when and where they can be successfully applied at production and processing levels. Shortcomings associated with phage-based control measures are outlined together with strategies that can be applied to improve phage utility for current and future applications in food safety.

Association between Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Body Composition of Adults in a Capital City of a Brazilian Region.

The present study investigates the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and anthropometric indices of body composition in adults and seniors living in Teresina, the state capital of an area in northeastern Brazil. The article seeks to address two questions: Is UPF consumption linked to worsening body composition in different age groups? Do anthropometric indicators of body composition change with the increasing consumption of UPF? The study is a cross-sectional, household, population study, carried out with 490 adults and seniors. The food consumption was obtained with a 24 h food recall, and the foods were classified using NOVA. Anthropometric indicators evaluated were waist-to-height ratio, triceps skinfold thickness, arm circumference, corrected arm muscle area, subscapular skinfold thickness, and calf circumference. The association between energy contribution of UPF with anthropometric indicators was verified with a simple and multiple linear regression analysis. Individuals aged 20 to 35 years showed a significant association between UPF consumption and skinfold thickness (ß: 0.04; CI: 0.03/0.09), demonstrating an increase in this subcutaneous body fat marker with higher UPF consumption. Moreover, in participants aged 36 to 59 years, an inverse correlation between UPF intake and muscle mass markers, arm circumference (ß: -0.02; confidence interval: -0.03/-0.01), and corrected arm muscle area (ß: -0.07; confidence interval: -0.12/-0.02) were observed. Such results suggest there is decreased muscle mass with increasing UPF consumption. This is the first study that verified an association between UPF consumption and low-cost body composition indicators in different age groups.

Dietary vitamin D intake and sun exposure are not associated with type 1 diabetic schoolchildren and adolescents: A first report in Algeria1

BACKGROUND: A large number of children and adolescents worldwide suffer from physiological vitamin D (VD) deficiency, which has been associated with sun exposure and, consequently, the risk of developing various autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the association of the disease with VD intake and sun exposure has yet to be explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour food recall survey, using “Ciqual table 2016” in 335 type 1 diabetic and age- and gender-matched healthy Algerian school children and adolescents from sunny Saharan and relatively less sunny Northern regions, aged between 5 and 19 years. RESULTS: Both dietary VD intake and VD levels were similar in T1D patients when comparing northern and southern regions (for both comparisons, p > 0.05). Neither sun exposure nor VD intake was associated with the disease (respectively, relative risk [RR] = 1.050, p = 0.680; RR = 1.082, p = 1.000. For Cochran and Mantel-Haenszel analysis; RR = 0.841, p = 0.862). VD intake showed a significant difference between diabetics and non-diabetics in the sunny region (p = 0.022). Additionally, significant differences were found between normal and T1D schoolboys (p = 0.038), and when comparing the two groups according to the dry areas (p = 0.016). Moreover, in contrast to circulating VD levels, which were lower in T1D patients than in healthy controls, those of VD intake were significantly higher (p < 0.05), especially in male patients and in those with balanced diet, low protein or carbohydrate consumption, specific food intolerances, and regular meals (p < 0.05), as well as in patients with a moderate or low consumption of cooked meals or steamed foods (p < 0.01). Conversely, VD intake was markedly lower in type 1 diabetics than in controls for dry and sunny areas, including the region of Adrar, as well as for consumption of low-fat foods and eggs (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Nevertheless, the relative risk of sun exposure and dietary vitamin D intake according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard did not show a significant association with T1D (common Mantel-Haenszel estimation, RR = 0.841, 95% CI 0.118–5.973, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: T1D does not appear to be associated with VD intake and sun exposure in the Algerian Sahara region. Therefore, the consumption of VD in T1D patients in the Algerian Sahara would suspect that its association with the disease would be related to its synthesis alteration.

The effects of regulatory investigation, supplier defect, and product age on stock investors’ reaction to an automobile recall

When a product recall is announced, the product manufacturer’s stock investors estimate the costs of the recall to determine how much to penalize the firm’s stock price. Prior event studies have viewed these costs as manifest only in the downstream consumer market. We reason that this view is deficient. This article considers the costs of a recall as manifest in the nonproduct market (specifically, with the safety regulator) and the product market (i.e., with the upstream supplier and the downstream consumers). For each of these three stakeholders, we hypothesize one characteristic that proxies recall costs. We test the hypotheses in the context of 612 automobile recalls initiated by 14 manufacturers in the United States in 2009–2019. We find that automobile recalls elicit, on average, stock investors’ reaction of −0.22%, equivalent to a loss of $81 million for an average manufacturer in our sample. Whereas the duration of regulatory investigation negatively affects this reaction, the product age positively impacts it. Further, whether the defective component is manufactured by a supplier or the recalling manufacturer does not matter to investors. The evidence suggests that stock investors estimate recall costs as manifest in the manufacturer’s product market and nonproduct market. Further, managers can preserve the manufacturer’s shareholder value by not letting regulatory investigation last long before a recall is announced.

Can Continuous Manufacturing of Topical Semisolids by Hot Melt Extrusion Soon Be a Reality?

For more than five decades, pharmaceutical manufacturers have been relying heavily on batch manufacturing that is a sequential, multistep, laborious, and time-consuming process. However, late advances in manufacturing technologies have prompted manufacturers to consider continuous manufacturing (CM) is a feasible manufacturing process that encompasses fewer steps and is less tedious and quick. Global regulatory agencies are taking a proactive role to facilitate pharmaceutical industries to adopt CM that assures product quality by employing robust manufacturing technologies encountering fewer interruptions, thereby substantially reducing product failures and recalls. However, adopting innovative CM is known to pose technical and regulatory challenges. Hot melt extrusion (HME) is one such state-of-the-art enabling technology that facilitates CM of diverse pharmaceutical dosage forms, including topical semisolids. Efforts have been made to continuously manufacture semisolids by HME integrating the principles of Quality by Design (QbD) and Quality Risk Management (QRM) and deploying Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) tools. Attempts have been made to systematically elucidate the effect of critical material attributes (CMA) and critical process parameters (CPP) on product critical quality attributes (CQA) and Quality Target Product Profiles (QTPP) deploying PAT tools. The article critically reviews the feasibility of one of the enabling technologies such as HME in CM of topical semisolids. The review highlights the benefits of the CM process and challenges ahead to implement the technology to topical semisolids. Once the CM of semisolids adopting melt extrusion integrated with PAT tools becomes a reality, the process can be extended to manufacture sterile semisolids that usually involve more critical processing steps.

Peer Tutoring on Fish and Vegetables-Based Diet Education to Prevent Anemia and Hypoalbuminemia in Adolescents

Early detection of nutritional problems is a vital skill for individuals as it enables timely prevention before any symptoms arise. This skill can be fostered through enhancing knowledge, practicing skills via educational activities and mentoring, and seeking support from peers who share similar challenges. This study aims to investigate the impact of peer tutoring on the development of a balanced menu and healthy snack consumption based on fish and vegetables among 11th-grade female students at a state high school in Singosari, Malang Regency. This study examined the effect of these interventions on the intake of energy, protein, and iron among the participants. Data were gathered by collecting food consumption data using the 24-hour food recall method and measurement of weight, height, Hb, and Albumin levels. The study employed a purposive sampling technique by conducting pretest, intervention, and post-test. The results showed significant improvements in the health indicators of the participants, including knowledge, intake, Hb, and Albumin levels (p=0.000; α=0.005). These findings demonstrate the potential of education and mentoring through peer tutoring in promoting healthy eating habits and preventing nutrition-related problems among female adolescents.

Quality and price competition in a duopoly under product liability and traceability

This study aims to explore how traceability affects quality and price competition in a duopoly. A theoretical model is developed in which both enterprises are liable to recall low-quality (defective) products identified by traceability and compensate consumers for the disutility caused by unidentified low-quality products. The equilibrium results are derived by determining the optimal product quality and sales price decisions. The key findings are highlighted below. (1) Traceability affects product quality primarily through the expected social cost (the sum of expected recall cost and expected consumer disutility), i.e., higher (lower) expected social cost induced by increased traceability of each enterprise leads to higher (lower) product quality for both enterprises, enhancing (reducing) quality competition. (2) If an enterprise’s improved (decreased) product quality is driven by its own increased traceability, it will result in lower (higher) consumer demand and profit, while it will result in higher (lower) consumer demand and profit if caused by its competitor’s increased traceability. (3) If an enterprise’s increased traceability results in higher expected social cost, the enterprise’s sales price falls while the competitor’s sales price rises; otherwise, both enterprises’ sales prices fall, leading to greater price competition. (4) Quality competition is unaffected by product liability but is improved by increased recall cost and consumer disutility, whereas price competition is intensified by increased consumer disutility but is reduced by increased product liability and recall cost. Managerial insights are also discussed.

Technical Analysis of RFID and IoT Technologies Integration in Product Recall Digitalization Process

Abstract The implications of technology in various areas around the world represent a subject of interest for stakeholders belonging to different fields, the favorable results observed over time on the refactored and reinterpreted processes in the digital context being increasingly frequent and visible in their attention. The process of reimagining and reconfiguring activities in a new and innovative way is carried out progressively, in every day-to-day aspect, and their impact on different sectors or environments is measured by how quickly new requirements, preferences, habits or restrictions can be accommodated. The population currently places significantly attention on health by following the products they consume, their composition, the distribution process and also taking into account the presence of the manufacturing company in the public environment and its general perception. Thus, manufacturers currently feel an additional pressure to project a positive image, being forced by the parties involved to implement different programs that can increase their visibility and attract consumers to test the offered products. However, the acquired publicity can be quickly transformed into negative advertising, when there is no absolute control over the management of all processes within the production and distribution chain. In this context, a deeply damaging impact on the company’s image is given by the recall process of a product that is not properly managed. Currently, companies are endeavoring to implement diverse strategies and methodologies regarding the recall process, being receptive to the adoption of digital perspectives and implementing different technologies with the aim of controlling this situation as efficiently as possible. Thus, one of the approaches subjected to rigorous investigation and analysis in the recent period is represented by the recall process automation through various technologies such as Internet of Things and Radio Frequency Identification, with the aim of instantly locating areas where the products are distributed and sold, in order to notify affected consumers as soon as possible.

Application of good manufacturing practices in the production of food products for special medical purposes

In order to guarantee the proper quality of medical products and medicines, the mandatory application of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) norms in almost all countries is provided by law. Given the importance of nutritional provision of human portrebs in emergencies, the use of GMP is also relevant in the production of food products for special medical purposes. The object of research is the methodological base, approaches, and norms of GMP application in the manufacture of this product category. It is determined that the implementation of these practices is ensured mainly through measures for raw materials, equipment, personnel, premises, compliance with hygienic requirements, journaling, internal control, response to complaints, monitoring, traceability, product recall. It is established that the basic principle of GMP application is the production of products that will meet the purpose and provisions of the registration dossier. At the same time, ensuring product quality is a comprehensive concept of ensuring compliance with properties, combining organizational measures at all stages. This activity should be carried out taking into account risk-oriented thinking based on the control of raw materials, packaging, testing in the production and release of goods to the declared characteristics, ensuring high competence of personnel, process and analytical validation. Recommendations on a set of measures aimed at introducing good manufacturing practices at enterprises producing food products for special medical purposes have been compiled and presented. The essence of these recommendations is to identify technological processes, monitor their implementation, provide the necessary resources and measures, establish the process of documenting actions, validation at all stages, including self-inspection

The Relationship between Physical Activity and The Level of Physical Fitness of Pencak Silat Athletes

This study analyzed the relationship between macronutrient intake, hydration status, physical activity, and the physical fitness level of Pencak silat athletes in Banjarbaru. This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design involving 30 pencak silat athletes selected using a total sampling technique. The research instruments included questionnaires, 24-hour food recall forms, a self-urine examination (PURI), a physical activity questionnaire, and a 12-minute running test. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. The results of this study indicated that most athletes had protein, fat, and carbohydrate deficiencies, moderate hydration status, and very light physical activity levels. It can be concluded that macronutrient intake, namely protein (p=0.264), fat (p=0.643), carbohydrates (p=0.101), and hydration status (p=0.264), had no association with the physical fitness levels of pencak silat athletes, while physical activity (p =0.010) had an association with the physical fitness level of Pencak silat athletes. Athletes are recommended to continue to pay attention to macronutrient intake and hydration status as needed because they also play an essential role in fitness apart from physical activity.

Relationship of Supplier Development and Proactive Product Recall with Quality Performance

The objective of this study was to determine how the effect of supplier development and proactive product recall on quality performance. The study used a reliability test and regression analysis using SPSS version 22. The data was collected from 139 supply chain professionals working at various organizations located in Karachi, Pakistan. A Likert scale questionnaire was used to gather the research's primary data. The data collected was then measured using a statistical technique. This study suggested that the quality performance of the firm is positively affected by proactive product recall. In comparison, quality performance does not significantly impact supplier development. This study helps managers in management practice in managing the quality performance of firms. It also helps them to understand the critical role of quality performance. It is recommended that the data be taken from more respondents, increasing its reliability. Due to the questionnaire design, answer errors can be found while collecting the data, and it could be overcome by gathering data through interviews with preferred supply chain professionals face to face.

Urban Agriculture in Great Bandung Region in the Midst of Commercialization, Food Insecurity, and Nutrition Inadequacy

The proliferation of commercialization in the development of urban agriculture (UA) within the Great Bandung region has precipitated the dislocation of numerous small-scale farmers, consequently engendering a reduction in the accessibility of locally cultivated sustenance. The resultant effect of this phenomenon is the exacerbation of food insecurity among low-income inhabitants who lack the financial wherewithal to procure the relatively expensive imported food items. Furthermore, the dearth of availability of unprocessed, high-quality sustenance has resulted in suboptimal dietary intake among a considerable proportion of the populace. A survey was conducted utilizing questionnaires to gather data from 137 units of respondents consisting of both subsistence and commercial urban farmers. The comparative analysis of the earnings of urban farmers was conducted vis-à-vis the minimum wages projected for the year 2023 in West Java and Bandung City. The utilization of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) is a prevalent method for evaluating food insecurity through the analysis of self-reported food-related behaviors and experiences, both pre- and post-UA operations. A 24 h Food Recall Instrument examined nutrition adequacy in urban farmer households, which was analyzed using chi-square with descriptive presentation. Urban agriculture could help solve commercialization, food insecurity, and nutrition issues in the Great Bandung Region. Commercial urban farmers (51.09%) earned 280.46% of West Java provincial minimum wages or 136.82% of Bandung City minimum wages in 2023. The subsistence farmers’ cohort (48.91%) earned 14.64% of West Java provincial minimum earnings or 7.14% of Bandung City minimum wages in 2023. In general, the prevalence of ties to food insecurity was predominantly observed subsequent to UA practices. The study revealed a prevalence of vitamin A surplus among urban farmers, while a preponderance of inadequacy in other nutritional aspects was also observed.

Infant feeding practices and parental perceptions during the 2022 United States infant formula shortage crisis

BackgroundIn May of 2022, parents living in the United States experienced a dramatic infant formula shortage caused by supply chain issues and the recall of several infant formula products over contamination concerns.MethodsAn anonymous, electronic, cross-sectional survey was designed to understand infant feeding practices, parental experience and perceived support during the crisis.ResultsNinety-nine parents that lived in the U.S. and fulfilled study criteria completed the survey. 66% of respondents were female, and 75% of respondents were recipients of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infant Children (WIC). Parental mean age was 30.0 years, and the mean infant age was 26.8 weeks. The number of individuals that used at least one unsafe infant feeding practice increased from 8% before the infant formula shortage to 48.5% during the shortage (p < 0.001). 79% of parents fed their infants U.S. infant formula brands and 39% of parents fed their infants imported infant formula brands before the shortage which were significantly reduced during the shortage to 27% (p < 0.005) and 11% (p < 0.005), respectively. The percentage of parents that reported infant feeding practices before and during the infant formula shortage significantly increased from 2 to 28% for banked donor milk use (p < 0.005); 5–26% for use of human milk from informal sharing (p < 0.005); and 2–29% for use of watered-down infant formula (p < 0.005). The resources that parents reported as most helpful in navigating the crisis differed by parental sex and WIC recipient status and included other parents, friends, and family; lactation consultants; healthcare providers; and WIC.ConclusionsOur study found that feeding practices in response to the infant formula shortage may pose health risks to infants including nutrition and food insecurity. These data suggest the need for policy changes within regulatory and the healthcare system to provide families with clinical prenatal and postnatal lactation support, access to pasteurized banked donor milk, and access to more commercially available products.

Learning from failure: The implications of product recalls for firm innovation

AbstractExisting research provides contrasting perspectives on the implications of product recalls for firms. While some studies find that recalls represent failures that can motivate firms to innovate, others suggest that the resource‐intensive nature of recalls may inhibit firms from innovating. This study presents a theoretical framework that reconciles these two perspectives by proposing an inverted U‐shaped relationship between a firm's product recall frequency and innovation output. The paper also evaluates the effect of the firm's growth potential on the recall frequency–innovation relationship. Analysis of data on vehicle recalls and recall‐related patents in the automotive sector from 1980 to 2019 confirms the inverted U‐shaped relationship and shows that the relationship is steepened by the growth potential of the firm. Overall, the study presents a more nuanced understanding of learning from product recalls and bridges the supply chain disruption and innovation literature in the context of product recall.

The effects of lobbying on the FDA’s recall classification

BackgroundThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates goods accounting for 20% of US consumers’ total expenditure. The agency’s potential susceptibility to corporate lobbying and political influence may adversely affect the its abilities to fulfill its duties as a vital federal agency. This study assesses whether the FDA’s product recall classifications in recall scenarios are influenced by firms’ lobbying activities.MethodsThe universe of all FDA recalls between 2012 and 2019 is obtained from the FDA’s website. Firm names are matched to federal-level lobbying data obtained from the Center for Responsive Politics – a non-profit and nonpartisan organization that tracks lobbying expenditures and campaign contributions. Analyses are conducted using ordinary-least-squares regressions, in which the dependent variable is recall classification and independent variables are three different measures of firms’ lobbying activities in the one year prior to the recall.ResultsFirms that engage in lobbying appear more likely to receive favourable classifications from the FDA. When examining the above results by product type, we find that classification of food recalls seems to be subject to lobbying influence, but the same does not appear to be true for drug and device recalls. Evidence is consistent with the conjecture that the distinction between medical and food firms may be a result of medical firms targeting lobbying efforts at FDA approvals, rather than recalls.ConclusionsBetween 2012 and 2019, the FDA’s product recall classifications seem to be significantly influenced by firms’ lobbying activities. Lobbying firms appear to have received more favorable (i.e., less severe) recall classifications compared to non-lobbying firms.

Association between dairy products consumption and the prevalences of combined prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

The association between dairy products consumption in adults and the likelihood of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been described, but more information on the adolescent population is needed. This nationally representative, cross-sectional school-based study aimed to describe the consumption of dairy products and their subtypes and to evaluate their association with prediabetes and T2DM in adolescents. The Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) includes adolescents aged 12-17 years. Dairy products consumption was evaluated by 24-h food recall. Associations with fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin resistance, as measured by homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were evaluated by multivariate linear regression. Poisson regression was also used to assess the association between dairy products consumption and the combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic, nutritional, behavioural and anthropometrics. The final sample analysed consisted of 35614 adolescents. Total intake of dairy products was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose levels after adjusting for all covariates (β = -0·452, 95 % CI -0·899, -0·005). The associations were stronger for overweight and obese adolescents. Findings were similar for full-fat dairy products and yogurt. Higher consumption of low-fat dairy products and cheese were associated with a 46 % (prevalence ratio, PR 1·46, 95 % CI 1·18, 1·80) and 33 % (PR 1·33, 95 % CI 1·14, 1·57) higher combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM, respectively. The total consumption of dairy products and full-fat dairy products was associated with a lower combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM, while the consumption of cheese and low-fat dairy products was associated with higher combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM in Brazilian adolescents.

Does Corporate Social Responsibility Always Result in More Ethical Decision-Making? Evidence from Product Recall Remediation

Does Corporate Social Responsibility Always Result in More Ethical Decision-Making? Evidence from Product Recall Remediation