Quality Products Research Articles

A user-centered approach in complex engineering design environments

In complex engineering design environments, the demand for high quality products and high functionality are critical, the end-user requirements have to be integrated into the design process since the earliest design stages. In such contexts, strict design requirements related to quality, safety, and usability must be taken into account concurrently. To this aim, in this work, an integrated user-centered decision-based design method is proposed in the medical design environment context. This work is aimed at proposing a design method to be applied to complex design environments. The proposed case study is the design of an intercom device, aimed at improving patient-doctor communication in the case of bedridden patients on with helmet for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy during SARS- CoV2 pandemic emergency. Patients undergoing helmet-assisted ventilation are often immersed in a highly noisy environment, unable to fully communicate their needs to the doctors. A three-steps decision based integrated product design and process simulation are used in the early design stages, to gain optimal product designs in a user-centered design viewpoint, for novel industrial products. The first step, modular design, is aimed at defining relations between the components of the assembly in a user centered approach. Design alternatives are generated in a Design for Manufacturing and Assembly DFMA viewpoint. In the second step, the group decision making step, in a multiple criteria context, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied together with the fuzzy set theory, to overcome uncertainties in the verbal judgments of the decision makers. The third step is related to the simulation of the assembly and manufacturing process, with the aim of defining a final optimal design. The proposed group multicriteria decision making based design method proved to be efficient in complex user centered engineering design contexts.

Genetic variation of HPA axis activity in farm animals and beyond.

Many experimental data in several species clearly demonstrate the important genetic contribution to variations in HPA axis activity. The influence of corticosteroid hormones on adaptive processes and on production traits such as growth rate, feed efficiency, carcass composition and meat quality is a strong impetus to the search for the molecular bases of these differences for efficient genetic selection. Three main sources of genetic variability have been documented so far in farm animal species, the adrenal cortex sensitivity to ACTH regulating corticosteroid hormone production, the bioavailability of corticosteroid hormones and especially corticosteroid-binding globulin capacity, and glucocorticoid receptor function. The effect of single mutations may be dependent on the genetic background and genetic variation of cortisol levels may have different functional consequences depending on the molecular mechanisms responsible for this change. Understanding the genetic basis of HPA axis activity allows the development of genomic tools and breeding technologies aimed at improving adaptive capacity and stress tolerance in farm animals and their use as valuable models for the genetic study of the HPA axis and the correlation with adaptation, metabolism and other functions regulated by adrenal hormones, and associated pathologies (obesity, cardiovascular, etc.). The next step will be to explore HPA axis variability from a system genetics perspective including the multiple sources of variation and their interactions. This multifactorial approach is a prerequisite to the use of the HPA axis phenotypes in the genetic selection for more productive and robust animals, with a high level of production of quality products.

Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Produk Fashion dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Pedagang Fashion di Era Persaingan Digital Perspektif Bisnis Islam Studi Kasus Pasar Tradisional Modern (PTM)

ModernTraditional Market (PTM) of Bengkulu City based on the 4P concept (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) and the STP approach (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) in an effort to increase income and compete in the digital era. In addition, this study also explores the application of Islamic values ​​​​in the marketing strategies applied. To test this, researchers used qualitative methods with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. From the results of the study, the results of the study indicate that the 4P-based marketing strategy (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) is well implemented by traders in PTM Bengkulu City. Traders are able to adjust products to developing trends, set flexible prices, rely on physical stores for distribution, and carry out traditional promotions. Meanwhile, in the application of STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning), traders apply segmentation based on demographics and shopping behavior, targeting certain segments such as teenagers and the lower middle class, and positioning quality products that are relevant to trends but remain affordable. Islamic values ​​including shiddiq (honest), amanah (trustworthy), tabligh (transparently conveying information), and fathanah (intelligent) are also applied by traders in their marketing strategies. The application of these values ​​helps build consumer trust and maintain good long-term relationships. Thus, this marketing strategy not only helps traders in facing digital competition, but also creates consumer integrity and loyalty.

Evaluation of genetic diversity in some hybrid individuals of honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea L.) based on fruit characteristics, leaf morphology, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, and biochemical and nutritional contents

BackgroundGenetic diversity is a prerequisite for breeding programs, and one of the main goals here is to obtain quality products. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the genetic diversity in some hybrid individuals of honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea L.) based on fruit characteristics, leaf morphology, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, biochemical, and nutritional content. In this context, superior quality individuals have been identified based on the 42 variables examined in our study. These hybrid individuals can be economically incorporated into production after the registration stages, and their sustainability for use in breeding programs can also be ensured.ResultsThe fruit weight ranged from 0.71 (‘H11’) to 1.66 g (‘H6’). The ascorbic acid varied between 17.13 (‘H7’) and 20.64 mg AAE/100 g (‘H15’). The antioxidant activity changed between 12.59 (‘Store’) and 15.03 µmol Trolox g–1 (‘Aurea’). The total anthocyanins were found to be highest in ‘Borrel Beast’ (163.79 mg cyn-3-gluc 100 g–1), followed by ‘H8’ (163.20 mg cyn-3-gluc 100 g–1). The highest nutrient levels in the fruits were found in the ‘H10’ individual, with calcium (2445.77 mg kg–1), potassium (2274.36 mg kg–1), phosphorus (2123.27 mg kg–1), magnesium (1263.95 mg kg–1), and sulfur (859.62 mg kg–1), respectively. The highest nutrient levels in the leaves were found in the ‘H14’ individual for calcium (19,493.21 mg kg–1), ‘H5’ for magnesium (5643.52 mg kg–1), ‘H8’ for sulfur (2312.11 mg kg–1), ‘H6’ for phosphorus (2007.51 mg kg–1), and ‘H6’ for potassium (1099.32 mg kg–1). In general, the nutrients in the fruit exhibited significant correlations among themselves at different levels (*, **, ***). Within the scope of principal component analysis, the first 8 principal components explained 80.69% of the total variance. According to the cluster and population analyses, it was determined that there was a high variation in subgroup B2. Additionally, although honeyberry is a relatively new fruit in Türkiye, efforts have begun to develop new cultivars through hybrid breeding.ConclusionsWhen 42 variables were evaluated together to determine genetic diversity, hybrid individuals ‘H14’, ‘H5’, ‘H8’, and ‘H1’ were identified as superior individuals, respectively.

Changing the Oral Tribology of Emulsions Through Crystallization of the Dispersed Triglyceride Phase.

Suspoemulsions are used for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, including food such as dairy products and non-dairy alternatives. Product properties, such as flow behavior or sensory perception of non-dairy products differ from those of dairy products and are therefore perceived by consumers as products of inferior quality. One reason for this may be the crystallization behavior of the added triglycerides leading to differences in solid fat content in comparison to cow milk. This is discussed with the solidity of the dispersed phase as a parameter of suspoemulsions. The solidity was varied by using low and high melting triglycerides and measuring at different temperatures. The dispersed phase fraction is φ = 30%. The droplet size distribution showed a x50,3 of 1.2 and 3.66 μm, mimicking the droplet sizes of milk and dairy cream. Rheological frequency sweeps were carried out within a temperature range from 5°C to 50°C. The differences in solidity of the dispersed phase caused no changes in viscosity at each temperature. In contrast, oral tribology distinguished different solidities of the dispersed phase with changes in the friction coefficient. The friction coefficient was determined for increasing rotational speeds (0.01-100 mm/s), to compare the so called Stribeck curves with each other. In general, with increasing solidity of the dispersed phase, the friction coefficient increases. Comparing the Stribeck curves of pure butter fat suspoemulsion with those of plant-based fat suspoemulsions, different plant-based fats can be mixed, to mimic the friction profile of milk products in plant-based alternatives.

Product upgrade and advanced quality disclosure in a supply chain

Retailers frequently preannounce the quality of upcoming products, highlighting the importance of information disclosure in supply chains. This study examines the interaction between advanced quality disclosure and product upgrades within a supply chain, where a supplier can release either upgraded products exclusively or alongside regular products in a subsequent period. Using a game-theoretical model, we investigate how the supplier’s upgrade decisions and the retailer’s disclosure strategy affect consumer behaviour, particularly strategic waiting and product cannibalisation. Our results show that when only upgraded products are offered, the retailer discloses quality in advance if the innovation level is high. When both regular and upgraded products are available, the retailer chooses advanced disclosure when the innovation level is either high or low. Even when the product improvement is minimal, advanced disclosure reduces cannibalisation and attracts more consumers to the upgraded products, thereby boosting the retailer’s profits. Additionally, the supplier may choose not to upgrade products when the innovation cost is moderate. These insights suggest that advanced disclosure can mitigate both cannibalisation and consumer waiting, particularly in high-tech industries or incremental innovation scenarios, such as electronics and smart home sectors, where the preannouncement of product information is crucial.

Influence of Emotional Marketing in the Field of Cosmetics Among Females Towards Brand Loyalty and Preference

Emotional marketing in the cosmetics industry has gained significant traction as brands strive to connect with female consumers on a personal level. Recognizing that cosmetics are more than just products, brands increasingly foAcus on evoking emotions and building connections that resonate with consumers’ identities, values, and aspirations. By tapping into emotional drivers such as self-confidence, empowerment, and individual expression, cosmetics brands leverage storytelling, personalization, and value-driven messages to create bonds that transcend the traditional product experience. These strategies, by going beyond functional benefits, forge meaningful relationships that positively influence both brand loyalty and consumer preference. As brands grow in their understanding of consumer psychology1 , emotional marketing strategies have evolved from mere trend-following to becoming an integral part of brand identity and differentiation. In a highly competitive cosmetics market, emotional engagement becomes a key asset, distinguishing brands that merely offer quality products from those that offer experiences rooted in emotional satisfaction and alignment with personal values. For instance, storytelling allows brands to narrate their journey and core values—whether through ethical sourcing, sustainability efforts, or diversity and inclusion initiatives—which resonates deeply with consumers2 who prioritize similar values. Similarly, personalization caters to individual preferences, allowing consumers to feel seen and valued, thereby strengthening loyalty and increasing purchase intentions. This study employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data from extensive surveys and qualitative insights from indepth interviews. This dual approach captures not only the broad trends in consumer responses but also the nuanced ways in which emotional marketing influences individual purchasing decisions. The quantitative analysis provides statistical insights into the correlation between emotional marketing and brand loyalty, while qualitative interviews shed light on personal consumer experiences and emotional connections with specific brands. Together, these methods form a holistic view of emotional marketing’s impact, particularly its role in shaping purchasing behaviors and brand preferences among female consumers in the cosmetics industry. Findings from this study reveal that emotional marketing significantly shapes purchasing decisions by enhancing consumer perceptions of brand authenticity, trustworthiness, and alignment with personal values. Female consumers, in particular, are drawn to brands that promote messages of self-love, empowerment, and ethical responsibility. The emotional connection fostered through such marketing initiatives translates to higher brand loyalty and preference, as consumers are more likely to remain loyal to brands that reflect their values and resonate with their self-image. Furthermore, these findings highlight the effectiveness of emotional marketing strategies, providing cosmetics brands with actionable insights into building consumer loyalty and strategically positioning themselves within a saturated market. This approach, focused on aligning with consumer emotions3 and values, offers a sustainable competitive advantage that promotes brand loyalty and encourages positive consumerbrand relationships.

Unraveling smallholder food loss and value for sustainable cold chain investments: a case of horticultural value chains in Kiambu County, Kenya

Initiatives to address food loss and waste (FLW) are gaining attention especially in smallholder-dominated food systems in developing regions. This is in effort to meet some of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets. Countries are seeking innovative solutions to address the FLW challenge to contribute food and nutrition security and to reduce environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions through food waste. The lack of effective sustainable cold chain targeting smallholders is a key gap and driver of this challenge. There are gaps in system diagnostic of key factors and practices related to value preservation of food loss but is equally important in capturing value in market opportunities for smallholders and other value chain actors that can guide structuring of such cold chain investments. This article provides findings from a diagnostic study conducted to understand these factors and practices in smallholder focused horticultural value chains in Kenya. The mixed-method study collected quantitative and qualitative data through a household survey of 460 farmers and 25 key informant interviews. Results showed that postharvest loss (PHL) is a major challenge affecting all horticultural crops but with different magnitude. Despite the high PHL experienced, most farmers (96%) don’t undertake any postharvest management measures during and/or after harvest. Market related challenges were rated as the most (85%) causes to PHL followed by pest and disease (56%), weather impacts (24%), lack of storage facilities (17%), and damage during harvest (8%). Most smallholders sell to brokers at farm gate, capturing a small share of the value that is linked to lack of aggregation, gaps in cold chain infrastructure along value chain and the transactions costs of marketing. Results showed that other market outlets other than brokers offered higher prices linked to quality and safer product handling. Thus, integrating end-to-end cold chain solutions in smallholder systems through inclusive business models will shape interactions with markets and enable farmers to tap into new opportunities. Enhancing access to cold chain is key to supporting farmers and other value chain actors reduce PHL and facilitate better market integration, contribute to profitability of smallholder farming enterprises and improve socio-economic development.

Improved Sensitivity of a Taste Sensor Composed of Trimellitic Acids for Sweetness.

Currently, lipid/polymer membranes are used in taste sensors to quantify food taste. This research aims to improve sweetness sensors by more selectively detecting uncharged sweetening substances, which have difficulty obtaining a potentiometric response. Lipid/polymer membranes with varying amounts of tetradodecylammonium bromide (TDAB) and 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid (trimellitic acid) were prepared. The carboxyl groups of trimellitic acid bind metal cations, and the sweetness intensity is estimated by measuring the potential change, as a sensor response, when these cations are complexed with sugars. This research showed that the potential of a sensor using the membrane with enough trimellitic acid in a sucrose solution remained constant, regardless of TDAB amounts, but the potential in the tasteless, so-called reference solution, depended on TDAB. By optimizing the content of TDAB and trimellitic acid, a sensor response of -100 mV was achieved, which is over 20% more sensitive than a previous sensor. This sensor also demonstrated increased selectivity to sweetness, with similar interference from other tastes (saltiness, sourness, umami, and bitterness) compared to previous sensors. As a result, the sensitivity to sweetness was successfully improved. This result contributes to the development of novel sensors, further reducing the burden on humans in quality control and product development.

Amino acid composition of different sources of protein feed for aquaculture

Properly formulated feed helps increase the profitability of aquaculture production and achieve high quality products. In addition, it is important to take environmental aspects into account when producing compound feeds for aquaculture. It is necessary to use ingredients that do not harm the environment and do not pollute water. Production processes should also be optimized to reduce waste and maximize the use of all feed components. With the development of technology and scientific research in the field of aquaculture, new methods and solutions are emerging to improve the quality of feed. For example, adding probiotics and antioxidants can boost fish immunity and improve their growth. It is also important to take into account the characteristics of the digestive system of each type of fish when creating compound feeds to ensure optimal absorption of nutrients. In general, the quality of feed plays an important role in the successful development of aquaculture production. Continuous improvement of feed composition and production technologies helps improve production efficiency and ensure high productivity. The article examines the amino acid composition of various protein sources used in aquaculture feeds, such as fishmeal, black soldier fly larvae, vegetable protein concentrate, and provides a brief description of the amino acids necessary for the fish body. During the study, it was revealed that different types of protein sources contain different amounts of essential amino acids necessary for adequate nutrition of fish. Studying and comparing the amino acid composition of different protein sources allows us to optimize feed for aquaculture, providing fish with all the necessary nutrients for their health and rapid growth.

THE BENEFITS OF ISO 9001 CERTIFICATION FOR SMALL TO MEDIUM-SIZED ENGINEERING FIRMS

ISO 9000 is a group of standards that focus on quality management systems. ISO 9001 outlines the requirements that must be fulfilled to meet the ISO 9000 standard. Rather than measuring product or service quality directly, these standards emphasize systematizing and formalizing corporate processes. (ISO Standard 9001:2015). Certification is voluntary but increasingly influential due to customer expectations. Implementing ISO 9001 enhances efficiency, customer satisfaction, and market credibility. It’s a strategic advantage for organizations aiming to deliver quality products and services globally.

PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN NILAI TAMBAH PRODUK HIJAU DI KELURAHAN KERANGGAN, TANGERANG SELATAN

Product quality and green product innovation determine the level of competition in small, medium, and large-scale businesses. Therefore, all manufacturers are competing to improve the products produced, including green products or environmentally friendly products which are currently a central issue for businessmen in Indonesia. The purpose of this community service is to provide training to improve the quality of green products for beginner small businessmen and experienced small business people in Keranggan Village, South Tangerang so that the products produced become the target of consumers. This activity is carried out systematically starting from planning to evaluation. Training is an important strategy to increase the added value of products, especially green products that are increasingly needed in efforts to mitigate environmental degradation. The training methods used are lectures, discussions, and surveys of the participants before and after the training. The results of community service show that most small business owners in Keranggan have a very high need to increase the value of their products. The training covers various topics, ranging from selecting raw materials, production processes, and evaluating environmentally friendly products. The assessment of the training session showed a significant increase in participants' understanding and commitment to developing the value of the resulting green products. The practical implications of this community service include the importance of continuously strengthening the small and medium business community about green products that are competitive.

Secchi Depth Retrieval in Oligotrophic to Eutrophic Chilean Lakes Using Open Access Satellite-Derived Products

The application of the Multispectral Instrument (MSI) aboard Sentinel-2A/B constellation for assessing water quality in Chilean lakes represents an emerging area of research, particularly for the environmental monitoring of optically complex water bodies. Similarly, atmospheric correction processors applied to aquatic environments, such as the Case 2 Networks (C2RCC-Nets), are notably underrepresented. This study evaluates the capability of C2RCC-Nets using different neural networks—Case-2 Regional/Coast Color (C2RCC), C2X-Extreme (C2X), and C2X-Complex (C2XC)—to estimate Secchi depth in Lake Lanalhue (eutrophic), Lake Villarrica (oligo-mesotrophic), and Lake Panguipulli (oligotrophic). The evaluation used different statistical methods such as Spearman’s correlation and normalized error metrics (nRMSE, nMAE, and nbias) to assess the agreement between satellite-derived data and in situ measurements. C2XC demonstrated the best fit for Lake Lanalhue, with an nRMSE = 33.13%, nMAE = 23.51%, and nbias = 8.57%, in relation to the median ground truth values. In Lake Villarrica, the C2XC neural network displayed a moderate correlation (rs = 0.618) and error metrics, with an nRMSE of 24.67% and nMAE of 20.67%, with an nbias of 4.21%. In the oligotrophic Lake Panguipulli, no relationship was observed between estimated and measured values, which could be related to the fact that the selected neural networks were developed for very case 2 waters. These findings highlight the need for methodological advancements in processing satellite-derived water quality products for Chile’s optical water types, particularly for very clear waters. Nonetheless, this study underscores the need for model-specific calibration of C2RCC-Nets, as lakes with different optical water types and trophic states may require tailored training ranges for inherent optical properties.

Transforming Supplier Audits with AI: A Risk-Based Approach in Medical Devices

The medical device industry, highly regulated and sensitive to quality standards, relies on rigorous supplier audits to ensure compliance and mitigate risks. However, traditional supplier audits are often resource-intensive, inconsistent in quality, and lack a clear focus on the most critical risk factors. This paper explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can revolutionize the supplier audit process by enabling a risk-based approach that enhances accuracy, efficiency, and regulatory compliance. AI technology, with its advanced data processing, predictive analytics, and machine learning capabilities, can analyze vast amounts of supplier data in real-time, generating risk scores that prioritize high-risk suppliers for more frequent and thorough audits. This shift allows medical device companies to better allocate resources, focusing on high-impact areas and enhancing overall supply chain security. By considering factors such as supplier compliance history, product criticality, regional compliance laws, and performance trends, AI provides a dynamic and data-driven assessment model that minimizes the reliance on subjective audit practices. The paper introduces an AI-powered risk-based audit framework specifically tailored for medical device companies. This framework utilizes a multi-faceted AI-driven risk scorecard, categorizing suppliers by risk levels (high, medium, low) and enabling targeted audit strategies. It also demonstrates how AI can process a wide array of audit-related data inputs—such as supplier compliance, regional geopolitical risks, supply volume, and product criticality—to generate a holistic and accurate risk assessment. Through case studies and industry examples, this research underscores the advantages of integrating AI into supplier audit processes, highlighting cost savings, improved compliance outcomes, and reduced risk of quality issues or product recalls. Furthermore, it examines future trends and ethical considerations of AI in supplier audits, advocating for industry-wide adoption of AI-powered tools to support more efficient and effective supplier management. This paper concludes that adopting a risk-based, AI-driven audit approach in the medical device sector not only supports regulatory compliance but also builds resilience within the supply chain, creating a safer and more efficient landscape for medical device production.

The Basmati rice war between India and Pakistan

The current study highlights the challenges for GI protection of trans-border products, in Basmati rice. Various international treaties, e.g., Lisbon Agreement, Paris convention, and TRIPS Agreement describe partly the protection of geographical indications (GIs) or appellations of origin. Both India and Pakistan are TRIPS member countries and claim Basmati rice as their GI and have tagged Basmati as GI in their respective territories. Europe is an expanding market for Basmati, and EU is implementing import regulations on food products based on GI reputation for high quality products. India has sought GI protection of Basmati rice in EU followed by staunch opposition by Pakistan. Current study will briefly highlight the recent developments of this GI dispute on Basmati rice between India and Pakistan in EU,New Zealand and Australia.

Assessment of the Possibility of Using Sugar Beet Pulp with Molasses as By-Product for Enriching Flour and Production of Bread with Pro-Health Properties

The decrease in bread consumption in the daily diet observed in recent years results from the growing awareness of consumers and the desire to promote a healthy lifestyle. The valorization of sugar by-products allows for the design of new food products intended for health-conscious consumers. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using sugar beet pulp (SBP), without and with molasses, in bakery recipes as part of a strategy promoting increased consumption of foods rich in bioactive compounds. The basic composition of SBP was examined, and wheat flour mixtures with their addition at 0, 1, 5, and 10% were prepared. The rheological properties of the dough with flour blend samples were determined using Mixolab®. The technological quality of the bread, its nutritional value, and its antioxidant potential were assessed. The research results indicate that fortifying bread up to 5% SBP allows for obtaining products of acceptable sensory and technological quality. The bread with 5% molasses SBP (mSBP) compared to the sample with SBP without molasses (umSBP) was characterized by greater bread volume and crumb moisture, a darker color of the crumb, a more appropriate color of the crust (golden-brown), more favorable, thin-walled pores, and a fluffier crumb. Moreover, the samples enriched with mSBP contained more total polyphenols (by approx. 40%) and showed higher antioxidant activity (by approx. 50%) than the bread with umSBP. Additionally, for bread samples with 5% or more SBP added, a nutritional claim could be made that they are a “source of fiber” (i.e., at least 3 g per 100 g of product).

Influence of Electrical Conductivity on Plant Growth, Nutritional Quality, and Phytochemical Properties of Kale (Brassica napus) and Collard (Brassica oleracea) Grown Using Hydroponics

Kale (Brassica napus) and collard (Brassica oleracea) are two leafy greens in the family Brassicaceae. The leaves are rich sources of numerous health-beneficial compounds and are commonly used either fresh or cooked. This study aimed to optimize the nutrient management of kale and collard in hydroponic production for greater yield and crop quality. ‘Red Russian’ kale and ‘Flash F1’ collard were grown for 4 weeks after transplanting in a double polyethylene-plastic-covered greenhouse using a nutrient film technique (NFT) system with 18 channels. Kale and collard were alternately grown in each channel at four different electrical conductivity (EC) levels (1.2, 1.5, 1.8, and 2.1 mS·cm−1). Fresh and dry yields of kale increased linearly with increasing EC levels, while those of collard did not increase when EC was higher than 1.8 mS·cm−1. Kale leaves had significantly higher P, K, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B than the collard at all EC levels. Additionally, mineral nutrients (except N and Zn) in leaf tissue were highest at EC 1.5 and EC 1.8 in both the kale and collard. However, the changing trend of the total N and NO3- of the leaves showed a linear trend; these levels were highest under EC 2.1, followed by EC 1.8 and EC 1.5. EC levels also affected phytochemical accumulation in leaf tissue. In general, the kale leaves had significantly higher total anthocyanin, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and glucosinolates but lower total chlorophylls and carotenoids than the collard. In addition, although EC levels affected neither the total chlorophyll or carotenoid content in kale nor glucosinolate content in either kale or collard, other important health-beneficial compounds (especially vitamin C, anthocyanin, and phenolic compounds) in kale and collard leaves reduced with the increasing EC levels. In conclusion, the kale leaf had more nutritional and phytochemical compounds than the collard. An EC level of 1.8 mS·cm−1 was the optimum EC level for the collard, while the kale yielded more at 2.1 mS·cm−1. Further investigations are needed to optimize nitrogen nutrition for hydroponically grown kale.

Advantages of Co-Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge with Agricultural and Forestry Waste

This paper explores the advantages of the co-pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge with agricultural and forestry biomass, emphasizing its potential for environmental and economic benefits. Co-pyrolysis with lignocellulosic biomass significantly enhances biochar quality, reduces the heavy metal content, increases porosity, and improves nutrient retention, which are essential for soil applications. The biochar produced through co-pyrolysis demonstrates enhanced stability and a lower oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio, making it more suitable for long-term carbon (C) sequestration and pollutant adsorption. Additionally, co-pyrolysis generates bio-oil and syngas with improved calorific value, contributing to renewable energy recovery from sewage sludge. This synergistic process also addresses waste management challenges by reducing harmful emissions and immobilizing heavy metals, thus mitigating the environmental risks associated with sewage sludge disposal. This paper covers key sections on the properties of waste materials, improvements in biochar quality and energy products, and the environmental benefits of co-pyrolysis, such as emissions reduction and heavy metal immobilization. The paper highlights trends and challenges in co-pyrolysis technology, aiming to optimize parameters for maximizing biochar yield and energy recovery while aligning with sustainability and circular economy goals. The paper concludes with recommendations for optimizing co-pyrolysis processes and scaling applications to support sustainable waste management. Overall, co-pyrolysis represents a sustainable approach to valorizing sewage sludge, transforming it into valuable resources while supporting environmental conservation.

Inovasi Daur Ulang Lilin Batik Untuk Efisiensi Biaya Dan Peningkatan Kualitas Produk Ramah Lingkungan Pada UKM Batik Manggur Probolinggo

The development of SMEs as a support for the national economy must continue to be supported. In producing Batik, it cannot be avoided that there is waste in the form of wax from used batik which can pollute the environment. UKM Batik Manggur is one of the UKM in Probolinggo, East Java Provinci, which has several problems in developing its business, including processing batik wax waste. This community service activity provides a solution by recycling batik wax waste so that it does not pollute the environment and can be reused for the batik process. The service activities carried out include training in batik wax processing and outreach to batik makers in the Probolinggo City area. Recycled Wax has good quality so it can be reused for the batik process. Using recycled wax has several benefits, including improving batik quality and reducing production costs. With this community service activity, it is hoped that Mitra can develop his business with higher quality and environmental friendly products and reduce production costs.

How to Measure the Productivity of a Software Quality Engineer

This paper critically examines COBOL85 compiler software quality assurance project from the unintentional perspective of Total Quality. In 1988, when this project occurred, the author was not associated with TQM in any way or had any training in, or knowledge about, Total Quality. The project took place 36 years ago. The company Prime Computer, Inc. no longer exists, and the individuals involved have long since gone their separate ways. An unquestionable comfort can be derived from discussing a project that does not violate confidentiality in any way whatsoever. In 1988, this author was hired as a consultant to manage the software quality assurance effort. The charge was to significantly increase productivity in a relatively short period so that the COBOL85 compiler could be released to Prime’s customers on time. This author was directly responsible for increasing the project's productivity by 40 percent over 14 weeks, while the association with the project lasted a little over a year. Unfortunately, MAI Basic Four attempted a hostile takeover of Prime, approximately three-fourths of the way through the project. Due to financial considerations and because Prime management decided to abandon their mini-computer business entirely, the quality assurance effort finished not with a bang but with a whimper. The author was then relieved of management responsibilities so that the company could save money. The last remaining software quality assurance consultant completed his work, and the COBOL85 compiler finally went to market. Because of the lack of managerial commitment, the compiler never met the expectations of the individuals dedicated to bringing to market a quality product. At the time, the author had no formal or informal training or knowledge of TQM whatsoever but did have an understanding of how a process works. The author was convinced that the process he was hired to oversee could experience dramatic improvements in productivity in a relatively short period, which could be construed as a matter of faith or possibly overconfidence. He achieved what he set out to do.