Product Moments Research Articles

Matematik Başarısının Yordanması: Matematiksel Üstbiliş ve Problem Kurma Öz-Yeterliğinin Rolü

Üstbiliş, öğrencilerin kendi düşünme süreçleri ve bilişleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olmaları ve bu yapıyı düzenleyebilmelerine ilişkin becerileridir. Üstbiliş problem çözme sürecinde belirli bir zihinsel süreci keşfetme veya seçme yöntemi olduğundan matematik problemi kurmada ve başarı üzerinde de önemli etkileri bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada ortaokul öğrencilerinin matematiksel üstbiliş farkındalıkları ve matematik problemi kurma öz-yeterlik düzeyleri belirlenmiş, ayrıca matematik başarıları ile arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanan çalışma 462 ortaokul öğrencisi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın verileri “Problem Kurma Öz-yeterlik Ölçeği” ve “Matematiksel Üstbiliş Farkındalık Ölçeği” yoluyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Katsayısı ve Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin matematiksel üstbiliş farkındalıkları ve matematik problemi kurma öz-yeterlikleri ile matematik başarıları arasında orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca öğrencilerin matematiksel üstbilişsel farkındalıkları ve problem kurma öz-yeterliklerinin matematik başarısını %35 düzeyinde yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, öğrencilerin matematik başarısı üzerinde önemli bir unsur olarak üstbiliş ve problem kurmanın önemini keşfetme ihtiyacına işaret etmektedir.

Bivariate Generalized Half-Logistic Distribution: Properties and Its Application in Household Financial Affordability in KSA

The generalized half-logistic distribution is ideal to fit the lifetime of some products, such as ball bearings and electrical insulation. In this paper, we aim to extend this scope by creating a motivated bivariate version. We thus introduce the bivariate generalized half-logistic distribution using the Farlie Gumbel Morgenstern (FGM) copula, which is called the FGM bivariate generalized half-logistic distribution (FGMBGHLD for short). In particular, the FGMBGHLD finds application in describing bivariate lifetime datasets that have weak correlations between variables. Some statistical properties and functions of our new distribution, such as the product moments, moment generating function, reliability function, and hazard rate function, are derived. We discuss the maximum likelihood estimation method of the FGMBGHLD parameters. As an application of the FGMBGHLD in reliability, we consider the stress–strength model when the stress and strength random variables are dependent. We also derive the point and interval estimates of the stress–strength coefficient. Finally, we use the data from the household income and expenditure survey of KSA 2018 for Saudi households by administrative region to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed model. A comparison with a modern bivariate Weibull distribution is performed.

The Correlation between Reading and Speaking Skills on Students’ English Learning as Foreign Language

Reading is the action of extracting meaning from a text or passage and obtaining information from the author. Speaking is the practice that using words to interact with others. Than English language learning is a behavior that tends to have relative provisions and produces strong actions. The problem that discussed are focused on reading and speaking skills because students felt unconfident to read and speak English and them afraid of making mistakes in English learning.
 This research used quantitative correlation design to approach the data. The population was 642 students’ at the first grade in SMA Ibrahimy sukorejo. The sample selected as many as 62 students in the study was carried out using a side-by-side purposive technique while data collection was carried out by tests and observations the data analysis used Pearson product moments to analyze the relationship between reading and speaking skills with learning English in class 1 socio IV at SMA Ibrahimy Sukorejo of Situbondo.
 The research's findings indicate that students' reading and speaking skills have a positive and correlation significant of English learning and alternative hypothesis is accepted. Based on The score sig 1.000 ≤ 0.05. The Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is accepted based on the results of the hypothesis testing, and based on the output of the analysis of the Pearson formula in SPSS, it has a significant score (Sig) of 0.24 and 1.000. Score Sig 0.05 indicates that the independent variable has an impact on the dependent variable. It shows there is a correlation between reading and speaking skills in the first grade of social 4 at SMA Ibrahimy Sukorejo students learning English as a foreign language.

Best Linear Unbiased Estimation and Prediction of Record Values Based on Kumaraswamy Distributed Data

To predict a future upper record value based on Kumaraswamy distributed data, an explicit expression for single and product moments has been established along with some enhanced expressions that makes the applying process on mathematical softwares easier. The best linear unbiased estimator approach for estimating the parameters and the prediction of future record values have been considered and some important tables have been created to help in the calculation processes. Two illustrative examples based on a simulation study and a real-life data are provided to assess the performance of the introduced results.

Social Roles, Employment and Spousal Adjustments of Married Women in Nigeria

This study investigated the relationship between social roles, employment and spousal adjustment of married women in Nigeria. A total sample of 1,582 married women from the two states selected through multi stage sampling procedure were selected from 17 of the 33 local government areas of the 6 senatorial districts of the two states. A questionnaire designed by the researcher and certified by experts was the main instrument utilized for the study. Data collated were analyzed. Pearson Product Moments Correlation was used to answer the research questions, while simple regression, multiple regression and ANOVA statistics were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that a significant relationship existed between women’s employment and social roles of married women in Bayelsa and Delta States. It was recommended that couples should be enlightened on the importance of spousal adjustment in facilitating harmonious family life and by extension, proper societal function. Counsellors should guide couples in acquiring effective relationship skills. Some suggestions for further studies were made. 
 
 Received: 31 October 2021 / Accepted: 14 March 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022

On Some Characteristics of the Joint Distribution of Sample Variances

The joint distribution of correlated sample variances and their product moments have been derived. Finite expressions have been derived for product moments of sample variances of integer orders. Marginal and conditional distributions, conditional moments, coefficient of skewness and kurtosis of conditional distribution of a sample variance given the other variance have also been discussed. Shannon entropy of the distribution is also derived. When the variables are uncorrelated, the resulting characteristics match with the independent case of sample variances.

HUBUNGAN PERHATIAN ORANG TUA DENGAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI ANAK KELOMPOK B DI PAUD SE-GUGUS KEMBANG SEPATU KECAMATAN MUARA BANGKAHULU KOTA BENGKULU

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between parental attention and the self-confidence of group B children in early childhood education Segugus Kembang Sepatu Kecamatan Muara Bangkahulu Bengkulu City. Muse a correlational quantitative approach. The population was 148 and the sample was 44 parents with a sampling technique using proportional random sampling. Data collection techniques use questionnaires. Analysis of research data is a correlation of product moments. The results showed parental attention from 5 sub-indicators (guidance and advice, supervision, giving rewards and punishments, accompanying children to learn, and creating a conducive home) with an average score of 3,011 in the low category and the self-confidence of children from 4 subs (optimistic, responsible, independent and reacting positively in facing various problems) with an average score of 2,861 in the low category. There is a significant relationship between parental attention and children's self-confidence. It is recommended that subsequent researchers look for children's self-confidence factors with other factors.

Hubungan Antara Kecanduan Game Online Dengan Perilaku Agresif Pada Remaja Di Mabar Hilir Kota Medan

This study used quantitative correlational aimed to find out the relationship between online gaming addiction and aggressive behavior in adolescents in the lower reaches of medan cities. Aggression is the behavior of hurting a person, both physically and psychologically. One of the factors of aggressive behavior is addiction to online games. Online gaming addiction is the inability to control the behavior of playing online games that causes social problems and emotional problems for the perpetrator. The sample in this study was 70 people using quota sampling techniques based on criteria: adolescents who played fighting online games, played for at least one year, played online games at least 3 hours per day or 20-25 hours a week. Data capture uses a scale of online gaming addiction and aggressive behavior tested using product moments. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that there is a positive association of online gaming addiction with aggressive behavior, where rxy = 0.600 with a significant p = 0.000 0.05. This means that the hypothesis is that there is a positive relationship of online gaming addiction with aggressive behavior. Assuming the higher the addiction to online gaming then the aggressive behavior is higher, and vice versa. Hypothesis accepted. The determinant coefficient (r2) of the relationship between variable X and variable Y of r2 = 0.360, this indicates that online gaming addiction contributes to aggressive behavior by 36%. There are still 64% of other factors that influence aggressive behavior.

Öğretmen Algılarına Göre Okul Müdürlerinin Eleştirel Liderlik Davranışlarının Okul İklimine Etkisi

The aim of the study is to determine whether school principals' critical leadership behaviors have an effect on the school climate. For this purpose, data were collected from 836 teachers working in different types of public schools in the province of Istanbul, using the relational survey model, by using the easily accessible sampling method. For the analysis of the data obtained through Demographic Information Form, Critical Leadership Scale and School Climate Scale, SPSS 22.0 package program was used. After the normality test, from the parametric tests; Pearson Product Moments correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyzes were performed. As a result of the findings, teachers' critical leadership and school climate perceptions were determined at a high level. According to teacher perceptions, a positive and moderate correlation emerged between the critical leadership behaviors of school principals and the school climate. In addition, it was concluded that critical leadership behaviors predict school climate. In the light of these findings, suggestions were made regarding the relationship between critical leadership and school climate.

INDUSTRIAL IMPACT ON SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN ECONOMIC FISH WITHIN THE RIVER IN NNEWI-NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE NIGERIA

This work was carried out to research on the Industrial impact of selected heavy metals in economic fish samples in Eze river of Nnewi-North, Anambra State, Nigeria. The levels of seven heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, and Cd) in selected fish samples (Clariasgariepinus, Oreochromisneloticus, Pseudotolithus elongates) from the area were detected using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique. The HN03-HCl method was used in the fish sample digestion. All the fish samples collected from the Eze river contained the six heavy metals analyzed. The mean concentrations(µg/g) of heavy metals in the fish samples from the studied area were 1.85 for Pb, 0.86 for Mn, 3.38 for Zn, 1.18 for Cr, 2.84 for Cu and 0.43 for Cd. With the exception of Pb and Cd most metals were within the acceptable levels in the fish. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and the hazard index (HI) values were evaluated in order to assess the health risk of the inhabitants of Nnewi-north and environs due to heavy metal intake from food crops. The values were less than 1 in all the fish samples; therefore, their consumption does not pose any health risk concern. Metal-metal correlation was carried out using Pearson’s product moments. Most elemental pairs show significant correlation with each other, this implies that each paired element has common pollution sources. In conclusion, the investigated area has been affected by the industrial activities. So control measures stated by regulatory authorities should be enforced in all the industries.

On the Generalized Bilal Distribution: Some Properties and Estimation under Ranked Set Sampling

The generalized Bilal (GB) distribution can be defined as the distribution of the median of three independent random variables drawn from the Weibull distribution. Its failure rate function can be monotonic (decreasing or increasing) or upside-down bathtub-shaped. In this study, we aim to reveal some important properties of the GB distribution that have not been considered before. The findings are both theoretical and practical. From the theoretical viewpoint, we present explicit expressions for both single and product moments of order statistics from the GB distribution. The L-moments are derived as well. From the practical viewpoint, the parameter estimations are accomplished using the maximum likelihood (ML) method, which is based on two different sampling schemes: simple random sampling (SRS) and ranked set sampling (RSS) schemes. Furthermore, the asymptotic confidence intervals for the SRS and RSS estimators are discussed. For the sake of comparison and illustration, a simulation study and a real data example are presented. Concluding remarks are given at the end.

IMPLEMENTATION OF EYES TEACHER LEARNING STRATEGIES IPS LESSONS AT SMP NEGERI 27 MAKASSAR

This research aims to find out the picture of the learning strategy of teachers of IPS subjects at SMP Negeri 27 Makassar. This study used quantitative research with a population of all 1st and 2nd-grade students at SMP Negeri 27 Makassar, while the sample was 68 students. Data collection is carried out using observation data collection techniques, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. This data is analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, simple linear regression analysis, and product moment analysis. The results showed that the picture of the learning strategy of ips subject teachers at SMP Negeri 27 Makassar belonged to the category of "good". The picture of student learning interest is classified as an "excellent" category. And it is known, after the correlation of product moments that show a greater r count (>) than the r table, where the r count is 0.596 and the value of r tables with a sample of 68 people at a significant level of 5 percent of 0.235 which means there is a relationship of learning strategies for IPS subject teachers to the interests of students at SMP Negeri 27 Makassar

The Relationship Between Competency And Job Choices Of Sewing Training Graduates At Mukomuko Vocational Training Center Bengkulu

This research was motivated by the low competence of graduates of sewing training at the Mukomuko Bengkulu Job Training Center. This is because the competence of graduates is still lacking. This research aims to; (1) describe the competence of sewing training graduates at the Mukomuko Bengkulu Job Training Center, (2) describe the job choices of sewing training graduates at the Mukomuko Bengkulu Job Training Center, (3) and see the relationship between competence and job choices for sewing training graduates at the Mukomuko Job Training Center Bengkulu. This type of research is quantitative correlation with the population, namely the graduates of the second and third batches of sewing training in 2020 at the Mukomuko Bengkulu Job Training Center as many as 32 people. The technique used for sampling is using saturated sampling technique. The sample in this study was taken as much as 100% totaling 32 people. For data collection using a questionnaire technique, while for data collection tools using a questionnaire in the form of statement items, and then the analysis in this study uses percentages and product moments. The results of this study indicate that; (1) the competency of sewing training graduates at the Mukomuko Bengkulu Job Training Center is still low (2) the job choice of sewing training graduates at the Mukomuko Bengkulu Job Training Center is also still low, and there is a significant relationship between competence and job choice of sewing training graduates at the Job Training Center Mukomuko Bengkulu. The hope of this research is that competence and training programs are further improved. Keywords: Competence, Job Choice

Farklı Değişkenlere Göre Sporcuların Zihinsel Antrenman Becerileri

This study was carried out based on the scanning model in order to examine the mental training skill profiles of athletes according to different variables. 417 athletes (Mean age = 20.62 ± 1.97) participated in the study voluntarily. Personal Information Form and Mental Training Inventory in Sports were applied to the participants. SPSS 25.00 package program was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, T-test for Independent Groups and Pearson Product Moments Correlation. In the findings obtained, in terms of interpersonal skills, female athletes are ahead of male athletes and team athletes than individual athletes; in view of the basic mental skills sub-dimension, it was found that the average scores of individual athletes were higher than team athletes, and the mental visualization skills of national athletes were higher than non-national athletes (p

On Moments of Folded and Doubly Truncated Multivariate Extended Skew-Normal Distributions

ABSTRACT This article develops recurrence relations for integrals that relate the density of multivariate extended skew-normal (ESN) distribution, including the well-known skew-normal (SN) distribution introduced by Azzalini and Dalla-Valle and the popular multivariate normal distribution. These recursions offer a fast computation of arbitrary order product moments of the multivariate truncated extended skew-normal and multivariate folded extended skew-normal distributions with the product moments as a byproduct. In addition to the recurrence approach, we realized that any arbitrary moment of the truncated multivariate extended skew-normal distribution can be computed using a corresponding moment of a truncated multivariate normal distribution, pointing the way to a faster algorithm since a less number of integrals is required for its computation which results much simpler to evaluate. Since there are several methods available to calculate the first two moments of a multivariate truncated normal distribution, we propose an optimized method that offers a better performance in terms of time and accuracy, in addition to consider extreme cases in which other methods fail. Finally, we present an application in finance where multivariate tail conditional expectation (MTCE) for SN distributed data is calculated using analytical expressions involving normal left-truncated moments. The R MomTrunc package provides these new efficient methods for practitioners. Supplementary files for this article are available online.

Relations for moments of generalised order statistics based on Weibull-G family of distributions

The Weibull distribution is one of the important distributions used in reliability theory and life-testing experiments. The generalised versions of the Weibull distribution give a more flexible model for these studies. The Weibull–G family of distributions is one of the extended versions extensively studied. In this paper, we have studied moments properties of generalised order statistics for the said distribution in terms of a single moment, product moments and characterisation. Several examples and special cases are presented. The results can be applied to all distributions belonging to this family.

Some bivariate and multivariate families of distributions: Theory, inference and application

<abstract> <p>The bivariate and multivariate probability distributions are useful in joint modeling of several random variables. The development of bivariate and multivariate distributions is relatively tedious as compared with the development of univariate distributions. In this paper we have proposed a new method of developing bivariate and multivariate families of distributions from the univariate marginals. The properties of the proposed families of distributions have been studies. These properties include marginal and conditional distributions; product, ratio and conditional moments; joint reliability function and dependence measures. Statistical inference about the proposed families of distributions has also been done. The proposed bivariate family of distributions has been studied for Weibull baseline distribution giving rise to a new bivariate Weibull distribution. The properties of the proposed bivariate Weibull distribution have been studied alongside maximum likelihood estimation of the unknown parameters. The proposed bivariate Weibull distribution has been used for modeling of real bivariate data sets and we have found that the proposed bivariate Weibull distribution has been a suitable choice for the modeling of data used.</p> </abstract>

On Relations for Moments of Generalized Order Statistics for Lindley–Weibull Distribution

Moments of generalized order statistics appear in several areas of science and engineering. These moments are useful in studying properties of the random variables which are arranged in increasing order of importance, for example, time to failure of a computer system. The computation of these moments is sometimes very tedious and hence some algorithms are required. One algorithm is to use a recursive method of computation of these moments and is very useful as it provides the basis to compute higher moments of generalized order statistics from the corresponding lower-order moments. Generalized order statistics provides several models of ordered data as a special case. The moments of generalized order statistics also provide moments of order statistics and record values as a special case. In this research, the recurrence relations for single, product, inverse and ratio moments of generalized order statistics will be obtained for Lindley–Weibull distribution. These relations will be helpful for obtained moments of generalized order statistics from Lindley–Weibull distribution recursively. Special cases of the recurrence relations will also be obtained. Some characterizations of the distribution will also be obtained by using moments of generalized order statistics. These relations for moments and characterizations can be used in different areas of computer sciences where data is arranged in increasing order.

Moment tests of independent components

We propose simple specification tests for independent component analysis and structural vector autoregressions with non-Gaussian shocks that check the normality of a single shock and the potential cross-sectional dependence among several of them. Our tests compare the integer (product) moments of the shocks in the sample with their population counterparts. Importantly, we explicitly consider the sampling variability resulting from using shocks computed with consistent parameter estimators. We study the finite sample size of our tests in several simulation exercises and discuss some bootstrap procedures. We also show that our tests have non-negligible power against a variety of empirically plausible alternatives.

On the record values and its predictions from Exponentiated Inverted Weibull distribution and associated inference

This paper deals with the lowest record values from the Exponentiated Inverted Weibull distribution. We establish exact expression for moments of lower record values and also derive the recurrence relations for single and product moments of the same. Then we estimate the location and scale parameters as well as obtain confidence intervals for location and scale parameters from location-scale Exponentiated Inverted Weibull distribution. We also worked on future lower record values. We discuss linear predictor and prediction interval for the future record values. Finally, with the help of real rainfall data, we presented all the methods discussed here.