Products In Market Research Articles

Physicochemical characterization and evaluation of polarity influence in eutectic systems applied to drug solubility

In the process of discovery and development of APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients), the rate of solubility or aqueous dissolution plays a very important role from the first evaluations of the candidates to the development of final marketable products. Since only the solubilized form of an active ingredient is capable of being transported and exerting its therapeutic effect across biological membranes, it is of utmost importance to control its solubility. However, the number of APIs under development with low water solubility has notoriously grown in recent years. Their pharmaceutical use will face problems such as insufficient bioavailability, late onset of action, and the need for large dosages.The present study aims to evaluate the behavior of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin (fluoroquinolones), as model APIs for their different solubilities, in aqueous and non-aqueous natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). The main objective is to improve the solubility of both drugs in pharmaceutical studies and analytical applications. In order to do so, two sets of eutectic solvents were selected, each composed with a polar solvent, an intermediate one, and a nonpolar solvent, as well. Very promising results were obtained in NADES of polar and intermediate polarity, for both drugs. In addition, the physicochemical characterization of such solvents was carried out to better understand the aforementioned results.

Public Responsibility Towards Indonesian Idol's Music Talent: An Adorno Perspective

The music expressed around us, particularly in the realm of competitive music, faces significant challenges in maintaining subjectivity and objectivity to ensure a fair competition process. This study examines reality shows like Indonesian Idol, questioning whether they are pure competitions or avenues for capitalist profit. From Adorno's perspective, this issue is linked to societal impact, highlighting three main problems: standardization, commodification, and massification. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, this research involved 67 respondents who completed questionnaires to explore the systematic flaws in Indonesian Idol’s competition structure. The study aimed to analyse how these flaws align with Adorno's concepts of standardization, commodification, and massification, and their influence on public perception and critical thinking. The quantitative aspect involved statistical analysis of questionnaire responses, while the qualitative approach included in-depth interviews to gain insights into participants' views on transparency and fairness in the competition. The findings indicate that Indonesian Idol’s competition system is heavily influenced by industry standards that prioritize commercial success over artistic integrity. This results in a homogenized musical output that caters to mass appeal, undermining the authenticity of the competition. Additionally, the commodification of contestants transforms them into marketable products rather than genuine artists, while the massification process dilutes the cultural significance of the musical content presented. The study concludes that for reality shows to serve as responsible public entertainment, they must instil transparency and fairness in their competition processes. Implementing these principles can foster a more critical and discerning audience, ensuring that such shows contribute positively to the cultural landscape rather than merely serving commercial interests

Marketing Strategy Of Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum Mill) Using Soar And Qspm Methods In The Argoayuningtani Farmers Group, Senden Village, Selo District Boyolali District

This research aims to: (1) determine the internal factors that are the strengths and aspirations of tomatoes marketing in Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. (2) knowing the external factors that become opportunities and results in tomato marketing in Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. (3) knowing the marketing strategy for tomatoes in Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. The selection of research locations was carried out purposively, namely Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. Sampling with key informants. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and recording. The data analysis used is the SI and AI matrix, IE matrix and SOAR (Strength, Opportunity, Aspiration, Result) analysis. The results of the analysis from this research are that the SI matrix has a score of 2.28 and the AI matrix has a score of 2.31. The IE matrix analysis is in cell I, meaning this strategy is to grow and build (Hold and Maintain) with an intensive strategy consisting of market penetration, development and product development that focuses on existing tomatoes. The results of the SOAR analysis show five alternative strategies.

Impact of Digital Fashion Shows on Consumer Engagement with Fashion Brands in Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of digital fashion shows on consumer engagement with fashion brands in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Digital fashion shows have significantly enhanced consumer engagement with fashion brands in Nigeria by offering a dynamic, accessible online experience. These virtual events have allowed brands to reach a broader audience, increasing their visibility and facilitating direct interaction with consumers. Real-time feedback during these shows has enabled brands to fine-tune their marketing strategies and product offerings to align with consumer preferences. The use of augmented reality technologies has further personalized the shopping experience, leading to increased consumer interest and brand loyalty. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Technology acceptance model (TAM), uses and gratifications theory (UGT) & engagement theory may be used to anchor future studies on impact of digital fashion shows on consumer engagement with fashion brands in Nigeria. Fashion brands should leverage a combination of VR, AR, and live-streaming to create more engaging and immersive experiences. By investing in these technologies and incorporating high-quality digital content, brands can enhance consumer interaction and foster deeper emotional connections. Policymakers and industry bodies can work together to establish standards for digital content, technology integration, and consumer privacy protection, which will enhance the overall consumer experience and build trust in digital fashion shows.

Integrated sustainability assessment of wood building products: The case of larch and chestnut cascading systems in Northern Italy

Wood is increasingly being appreciated in construction due to its valuable environmental attributes. This paper explores the environmental and market performance of two wood supply chains in Northern Italy. Larch and chestnut wood are extracted and processed to obtain beams, planks, MDF panels and energy. LCA is performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of 1m3 of extracted wood through a cradle-to-gate approach. Then, a biogenic carbon analysis is carried out using the EN 16449:2014 standard including a comparison of different end-of-life treatments. Also, OSB is proposed as an alternative path for wood chips and contrasted to the current energy scenario. Moreover, solid wood beams and planks are compared with engineered wood products (EWPs). Lastly, a market analysis is conducted to assess the market trends of the different wood products studied.The LCA shows similar results for both wood species across most impact categories, with slightly higher values for the chestnut system. Most impacts are related to the production of MDF boards and the energy valorization of wood chips. Biogenic carbon analysis shows a negative balance of emissions with −314 and −205 kg of CO2 eq for larch and chestnut, respectively. It also suggests that OSB manufacturing can be a valuable alternative to the energy use of wood chips and that the end-of-life treatment with better results is recycling. The comparison of beams and planks with engineered wood products supports that solid wood poses a better environmental alternative in similar applications. Market analysis shows stagnation in the apparent consumption of wood products in the European market and a slight growth in the Italian one between 2018 and 2022. Overall, the systems studied suggest that the potential environmental benefits of using wood in construction are not being matched by current market trends.

A review on coronary artery disease

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is currently one of the most widespread and deadly conditions in the world. Occurring due to atherosclerosis of the coronary artery and possessing a plethora of risk factors, the disease boasts an extremely large market size which is projected to continue increasing well into the future. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to conduct further research into the management of CAD and utilize this knowledge to develop new products and procedures to decrease its pervasiveness. The biological characteristics of healthy and diseased tissue, global and US market sizes, prevalence, trends, existing treatments, and products in clinical trials relating to CAD are discussed in detail below.

Artificial intelligence for marketing product strategy in the online education market

The online education market has experienced tremendous growth, creating a competitive landscape where effective marketing solutions are crucial for success. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool, offering innovative ways to enhance product marketing strategy. The purpose of the article was to highlight the integration of artificial intelligence into marketing product strategies in the online education market and to evaluate the chances of success for launching a new training course implemented through AI algorithms. A systematic review of advanced technologies and products in the AI market was carried out, along with a comparative analysis based on data from various authors and reports from organisations, considering the aspects of interpreting qualitative and quantitative market characteristics. Leaders in the global and Ukrainian online education market were analysed, and research was conducted on the marketing product strategy measures of successful players, indicating qualitative and quantitative data using SimilarWeb and Semrush online services. These results allowed for an analysis of the connection between the identified market segments and influencing factors to make practical recommendations for improving elements of marketing based on the identified issues of products and the online education market. To demonstrate the relevance and effectiveness of the proposals, an approach was applied to test if a product with enhanced AI marketing would fit into the market using the example of the Projector Institute company. The assessment obtained from the calculations showed that AI can strengthen the marketing of online education products, as they will fully meet the interests of interested economic counterparts. The results of the study could be used by marketing, AI experts, product experts, business owners in marketing, etc. to enhance marketing solutions

Diseminasi Snack Ternak Berbahan Baku Lokal (Berakal) Sebagai Solusi Pakan Berkualitas dan Ekonomis di Kabupaten Sigi

Considering the abundance of underutilized local feed materials, particularly large amounts of agricultural waste that have yet to be optimized as a feed source, the production of feed snacks is expected to provide a solution for utilizing this waste. By adding local ingredients such as moringa leaves, which have highly potential nutritional content, the development of these feed snacks is further enhanced. Moringa leaves are a valuable commodity in terms of both their nutritional content and benefits when added to feed formulations, serving to complement the standardized nutrient requirements. Through a technological processing involving silage/fermentation and to facilitate application and increase storage life, the product is formed into snacks. Addressing the ongoing complaints of farmers regarding the need for feed with high protein content at an economical price, the BERAKAL livestock snack emerges as a solution to meet this demand. With an affordable price, it is expected to fulfill the needs of farmers who face a shortage of quality feed compared to commercial concentrates which are relatively more expensive. The methods of socialization and technical guidance typically involve several stages and strategies to enhance the competence and awareness of the community, such as initial socialization, training and technical guidance, and general technical guidance. BERAKAL livestock snacks can increase livestock productivity, leading to increased production of meat, milk, and eggs, and improving the competitiveness of Indonesian livestock products. BERAKAL livestock snacks can enhance the competitiveness of Indonesian livestock products in the global market. The BERAKAL livestock snack program has the potential to provide significant benefits to universities in terms of implementing MBKM and achieving IKU. Some of these benefits include increasing collaboration with industry partners and the community. This program will involve industry partners and the community in the development and marketing of BERAKAL livestock snacks. This collaboration can enhance the university's reputation as a reliable partner in developing products and services that benefit the community.

Small Business Empowerment Strategy in the Agricultural Sector Through Digital Entrepreneurship

This study looks at how digital entrepreneurship is being used by small enterprises in the agriculture industry to empower them. It focusses on how this is affecting market access, production efficiency, and bolstering competitiveness. The advent of digital transformation has presented small enterprises with novel prospects to surmount customary constraints, including restricted availability of markets, finance, and technology. This research employs a qualitative methodology and a case study approach to investigate how small agricultural firms might use digital technologies, like e-commerce platforms and the Internet of Things (IoT), to increase market access and productivity. In-depth interviews with small business owners, technology suppliers, and other stakeholders were used to gather data. Direct observation and document analysis were also used. The results of this study show that small enterprises' operational efficiency and revenue are greatly increased when digital entrepreneurship is implemented. Collaboration with a range of stakeholders, including the government and academic institutions, and sufficient digital literacy have shown to be crucial for the effective execution of this plan. This study also emphasises how crucial it is to create both domestic and global business networks in an effort to increase market penetration and boost the competitiveness of small enterprises in the agriculture industry. In order to increase the sustainability and competitiveness of small enterprises in the agriculture sector, this study makes recommendations based on its results for policy makers and industry participants to assist the widespread adoption of digital entrepreneurship.

Intelligent underground garage drainage system based on informatized surveying technology

In recent years, with the impact of environmental factors such as global warming, floods and waterlogging disasters have occurred frequently in China. The traditional drainage devices in underground garages have poor water-blocking effects, which can easily result in sewage entering the garage along with vehicles during severe weather or sudden floods. To address the issue of water accumulation outside underground garages, which prevents vehicles from entering, we propose a set of drainage devices for underground garages to complement the shortcomings of existing market products. This device, controlled by an automated intelligent control system, can effectively control each device to achieve automatic water-blocking and drainage operations in underground garages, as well as car washing. During extremely heavy rainfalls, it can completely seal off the garage and enter flood prevention mode to protect vehicles inside from being submerged. Additionally, as the device is semi-underground, it can save a significant amount of above-ground space without affecting surface traffic or existing facilities, demonstrating practicality and having the potential for widespread adoption.

Entrepreneurship Education: Fostering the Entrepreneurial Spirit of Higher Education Tarbiyah Faculty Students in Aceh

Entrepreneurship education is oriented towards offering concepts to develop interest, train, and form business actors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the concept of entrepreneurship education developed in the Tarbiyah faculty of higher education in Aceh, to describe the process of implementing entrepreneurship education in fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of higher education Tarbiyah faculty students at Aceh. This research uses a qualitative method where the researcher thoroughly examines the facts at the research location according to the focus of the problem, by researching directly at the research location, then the data from the analysis is presented and a discussion of data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation is given. The results of this study indicate that the concept of entrepreneurship education developed in Tarbiyah faculty colleges in Aceh is by providing entrepreneurship education materials and practices so that students have the spirit and additional skills needed after students graduate so that they are able to become entrepreneurs independently. The implementation of entrepreneurship education in lectures to foster an entrepreneurial spirit for Tarbiyah faculty students is carried out through a learning process of direction and example. Entrepreneurship learning is carried out by providing practical material so that students can have more experience and have a good entrepreneurial mentality. Practices include thinking about what to sell, making business products directly, selling and marketing products online or offline. The obstacle is the lack of funds and facilities available to support student practical activities.

Pelatihan Dilan (Distilasi Sederhana) sebagai Upaya Revitalisasi Program Serenisasi di Malang

Codo Village, located in Malang Regency, once held a serenization program. Local PKK women pioneered this program, whose actions were realized through a movement to plant lemongrass throughout the vacant village land to avoid the spread of dengue fever in 2016. A lack of knowledge about the potential of lemongrass plants caused a decline in enthusiasm for the serenization program, marked by many broken lemongrass plants. So, the DILAN (Simple Distillation) training provides a solution to revitalize the serenization program, starting with the formation of cadres, delivery of materials related to lemongrass plants and simple extraction of essential oils using the DILAN method, introduction to e-commerce, supervision and evaluation. The result of this program is that PKK women can produce marketable products from essential lemongrass oil, such as soap, aromatherapy candles, and carbolic acid. The products produced are codo asri and can be obtained from online sales sites. This program can increase the knowledge, productivity and abilities of the population to improve the community's economic status so that the revitalization program can be successfully implemented.

Discriminating the origin of fish from closely related water bodies by combining NMR spectroscopy with statistical analysis and machine learning

Pikeperch, perch and bream are among the most traded and valued fish species in North-Eastern Europe. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to distinguish fish from different lakes and coastal sea regions to ensure a good traceability of products in the fish market and to protect both consumers and fish stocks. Untargeted metabolomics using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a suitable tool for this purpose. It is an established method for determining various properties of biological and living systems, such as health, origin, type, etc. Statistical methods including principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are typically applied to NMR data to correlate spectra with a particular research question.Herein we examine fish from three closely related water bodies and demonstrate that reliable determination of the water body that a particular fish originates from by traditional statistical analysis (PCA and LDA) of fish NMR spectra is not possible. In contrast, determining the fish species is possible. We proceed to show that machine learning methods perform better and that a combination of statistical analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF), a supervised machine learning technique, allows reliable determination of the originating water body, while being also tolerant to seasonal variations. This is an improvement over prior work, which has dealt with more clearly distinguished origins of fish. Exceptional accuracy was achieved in correctly assigning fish to their origin even in a scenario where two of the water bodies are connected by a river through which the fish are known to migrate. Since determining the origin of fish is important in environmental protection, we recommend following up this approach and using it as the basis of a robust tool for environmental protection and other monitoring purposes.

Clustering Consumer Adoption Behavior with Respect to Innovative Tea Products in the Chinese Market

Clustering Consumer Adoption Behavior with Respect to Innovative Tea Products in the Chinese Market

Big data analysis and its impact on the marketing industry: a systematic review

This systematic review focused on understanding the impact of big data on marketing productivity, following the guidelines of systematic literature reviews and using the PICOC (problem/population, intervention, comparison, results, context) method. 50 high-impact articles were selected in Scopus, prioritizing those in the areas of engineering, computer science and business, and published between 2020 and 2023. These articles, selected for their relevance and contribution to the study objectives, showed that the big data offers notable benefits in the marketing industry. The ability to customize marketing strategies to individual customer needs, improved optimization, and a better understanding of customer behaviors and preferences were key aspects. These findings highlight how big data can boost productivity in marketing, strengthening customer relationships and increasing loyalty by improving understanding and adaptation to the specific demands and preferences of each customer. This deeper, more personalized approach to consumers represents a significant shift in the effectiveness and efficiency of marketing strategies in the current era.

Academic Business Incubators as a Tool in Implementing Entrepreneurship Education – Theoretical Approach

Abstract In recent years, in order to stimulate economic growth, the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship has been increasingly recognized by practitioners and teaching staff. Universities must contribute to this growth, as a center of knowledge creation and a center of research. However, transforming academic research into marketable products and services faces significant challenges. Addressing these challenges has necessitated the emergence of academic incubators as an essential mechanism for providing resources, support, and an environment suitable for the development of startups. Thus, academic incubators are becoming an essential component of a university in order to recruit and retain students, instructors, and researchers with an entrepreneurial mindset, as well as to stay exposed to students who are becoming more and more interested in starting enterprises or social projects. In these conditions, the present paper aims to provide an overview of the role of academic incubators in stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship in universities, emphasizing their role, functions and impact in the socio-economic environment.

Supercritical CO2 Fluid Extraction and Microencapsulation of Oil from Anchovy (Engraulis mordax) By-Products.

Fish by-products are discarded as waste, which has a significant impact on the environment. They have no economic value, but there are many opportunities to turn them into high value products. Due to significant quantities generated internationally and the continuous expansion of the market for ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids as nutraceuticals, innovative technological approaches are needed to transform this waste into marketable products with added value, while limiting the risk of environmental pollution. In this study, two temperatures (40 and 60 °C) at a constant pressure during the extraction of anchovy by-products with supercritical CO2 fluid were used to determine extraction yield, fatty acid, tocopherol and phytosterol composition, followed by microencapsulation with two matrices based on the transglutaminase-mediated crosslinking reaction between whey protein isolates and casein. Before microencapsulation, the binding parameters were estimated using quenching studies. The results showed a higher content of total fatty acids when extracted at 40 °C, resulting in two fractions on a dry mass basis of (712±12) mg/g in the fraction obtained in the separator with code S40 and (732±10) mg/g in the fraction obtained in the separator with code S45, respectively. The monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) accounted for 40-44 %. The extracts showed a higher mass fraction of eicosapentaenoic acid ((28.7±1.0) mg/g) in fraction S45 when extracted at 60 °C. A minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of 0.66 μg/mL against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was found for all fractions. Higher binding constants were found for palmitoleic and oleic acids than for palmitic acid. The control variant, without crosslinking, enabled the microencapsulation of a higher amount of fatty acids, while in both powders the sum of MUFAs and PUFAs was 40 %. The approaches used in our study open up new opportunities for adding value to the fish by-products through extraction and microencapsulation, extending their potential use to food, cosmetics and nutraceuticals.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Bisnis Sampah Rumah Tangga Pada Kelompok Bank Sampah Tunas Sejahtera Kota Blitar

Since the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, sustainability issues in the economic and social sectors have gained significant attention. The Indonesian government is committed to restoring the national economy to a better state than before the pandemic by transitioning towards a green or circular economy. The circular economy aims to maximize the utility and added value of raw materials, components, and products to reduce waste. According to the 2022 data from the National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN), 34.29% (7.2 million tons) of the 21.1 million tons of national waste remain unmanaged. Collaborative efforts between central and regional governments continue to implement effective waste management policies based on circular economy principles. The methods employed in this program include training and mentoring in processing organic and inorganic waste into marketable products, information management training, business management enhancement, human resources training, and collaboration with other waste banks. The results indicate an increase in the production capacity of the Tunas Sejahtera Waste Bank from 300 kg to 1 ton per month. Training in management and marketing has also improved operational efficiency and expanded market reach, thereby increasing revenue and enhancing the circular economy's impact

Market position of rapeseed products from the prime producing countries in the global market

Abstract Rapeseed is one of the most widely traded products in the world, with a total trade amounting to USD 14.1 billion. Rapeseed trade represents 0.067% of global trade. The largest Rapeseed exporters in 2021 were Canada (USD 5.17 billion), Australia (USD 2.20 billion), Ukraine (USD 1.37 billion), France (USD 1.01 billion), the Netherlands (USD 841 million), and Romania (USD 618 million). Rapeseed is commonly used in food products, health, cosmetics, and other industries. As international market demands and local needs drive rapeseed production, this research aims to identify opportunities for developing the Rapeseed industry and its derivatives based on local needs and global market trends in the world’s largest rapeseed-producing country. This study evaluated the market positioning of Rapeseed products in the international market and employed a “relative market share-market growth” matrix developed by Boston Consulting Group (BCG) for analysis. This study used secondary data from export data for rapeseed-exporting countries worldwide from 2020 to 2021 and was also enriched with some primary data collected from the site visits in 2023. The BCG matrix indicates the five largest rapeseed exporters globally, and additional countries visited in the study include Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, and Romania. The analysis using the BCG matrix assesses the performance of rapeseed products in various major exporting countries worldwide. This study indicates that Canada has significant potential for developing the Rapeseed industry and its derivatives based on global market trends

How fruit moves: Crop systems, culture, and the making of the commercial blueberry, 1870–1930

Social Impact StatementThe history of blueberries highlights the agroecological systems, multispecies relationships, and socioeconomic factors that shape eating habits and commercial availability of food. In the United States, an elaborate and lucrative human‐managed crop system evolved around so‐called wild blueberries in the late nineteenth‐century. Blueberry domestication under the auspices of public‐private collaboration in the early twentieth century then established the foundation for today's global blueberry trade. Wild blueberries continued to occupy specific economic niches, however, and an uneasy dynamic developed between locally revered Vaccinium species and the commercial “blueberry.” In an urbanizing world of people increasingly alienated from their food sources, blueberries provide a reminder of the intricate relationships between people and plants that shape both basic prospects of survival and specific ways of life, whether for good or for ill.Summary This work examines blueberries' emergence as a commercial product and how it grew out of a history that involved multiple Vaccinium species and their convoluted interactions with human ecologies. It outlines the agroecology of the wild blueberry trade in nineteenth‐ and early twentieth‐century Maine, followed by blueberries' domestication and expanded commercialization in the 1910s and 1920s through a public‐private collaboration between USDA scientist Frederick V. Coville and New Jersey cranberry grower Elizabeth C. White. The complexity of blueberries' path to becoming a global commodity underscores the significance of cultural factors in determining how a singular “blueberry” came to be defined in the first place. The article uses a range of sources to document blueberries' history of commercialization from the late nineteenth century to the present. In particular, local newspapers from Maine made it possible to reconstruct the agroecology of the wild blueberry trade in the state in the period prior to 1920, while a variety of government documents and agricultural journals provided the key means for exploring blueberries' domestication and commercialization in the 1910s and 1920s. The article delineates the main features of the agroecology that defined Maine's wild blueberry crop system and the public‐private relationship surrounding the domestication and commercialization of blueberry culture in New Jersey. These histories ultimately underscore the interplay between regional cultures, processes of commodification, and a nationalizing economy that came to define the blueberry as a product in the fresh fruit market of the United States. Public‐private collaborations, cultural discourses, and the evolving market relations that came with the globalization of blueberry culture in the late twentieth and early twenty‐first centuries continue to reflect trends established earlier in the twentieth century. The article concludes that the emergence of “the blueberry” as a singular commercial product embodies a set of systems and relationships between plant species and human societies that blurs the boundaries between wild and domesticated, ranges in scale from the local to the global, and preserves niches for localism within a global commercial landscape that itself contains multiple species underneath a veneer of standardization. Today's globalized fresh blueberry thus contains within itself a long and convoluted history of cultivation, plant breeding, competing crop systems, market relations, and cultural constructs.