Film Production Research Articles

Association of ocular adverse events with varenicline solution use: a population-based study.

Approved by the FDA in 2021, varenicline solution is the first nasal spray specifically designed to enhance basal tear film production for treating dry eye disease (DED). However, there is a lack of data comprehensively comparing its safety profile to conventional DED therapies. Herein, we assess whether ocular adverse events (AEs) are disproportionately reported with the real-world use of varenicline solution. This observational, population-based pharmacovigilance study analyzed the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data (inception-April 2024) using reporting odds ratio (ROR), with significance defined as a 95% CI lower bound > 1.0. Nasal saline and systane were the controls. A total of 1,125 AE reports were associated with varenicline solution. No disproportionate reporting of specific ocular AEs was observed when comparing varenicline solution with nasal saline. However, when compared with systane, varenicline solution showed higher odds of lacrimation (ROR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.46-3.26, p < 0.0001), visual impairment (ROR = 2.27, 95%CI = 1.24-4.16, p = 0.0085), and photophobia (ROR = 7.50, 95%CI = 3.68-15.27, p < 0.0001). Although a direct causal relationship for higher RORs cannot be established for varenicline solution compared to systane, our findings provide evidence for potential risk signals and highlight the crucial role of post-marketing pharmacovigilance in monitoring long-term safety.

Future climate and agricultural farming systems affect the fungal plastisphere of different biodegradable plastics at the early stage of field degradation

BackgroundThe use of biodegradable mulch films has an advantage over non-biodegradable ones, as it offers degradation by microbes under environmental conditions. Nevertheless, less is known about the microbial colonization of different biodegradable plastics under different agricultural systems and climate change conditions. In the current study, the plastic degradation experiment was conducted at the Global Change Experimental Facility platform, specifically in conventional and organic farming systems, both under ambient and future climatic conditions. In this study, we investigated the early fungal colonizers associated with polybutylene-succinate (PBS) and polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) with polyethylene (PE) as a reference in comparison to the initial soil fungal community.ResultsWe found a distinct pattern between soil and plastisphere fungi. Soil fungi were dominated by Sordariomycetes (mainly Gibellulopsis, Fusarium, and Gibberella), and fungi in plastics were dominated by Dothideomycetes (mainly Mycosphaerella, Alternaria, and Cladosporium). These microbes were previously reported as plastic colonizers and potential plastic degraders. We found that agricultural systems affect both fungal richness and community composition of the plastisphere. Plastic type significantly affected the fungal richness, but not the fungal community composition. The two different agricultural systems undergo different treatments, including crop rotation and fertilization, which in turn impact the fungal colonization of the biodegradable plastics.ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into factors that affect early fungal colonization of different biodegradable plastics under real field conditions using high-throughput sequencing. These data are of high relevance to evaluate the plastic composition for adjusted rate of plastic biodegradation for upcoming mulch film products.

Film production and screen media: HyFlex practice and adaptive pedagogies in tertiary-level film education

Film production and screen media: HyFlex practice and adaptive pedagogies in tertiary-level film education

Theoretical, methodological, and ethical proposal to produce critical-liberating cinema: a Freirean perspective

This study aimed to identify Paulo Freire's contributions to the establishment of an educational process capable of inspiring film production. This article proposes eight educational paths for analysing, developing, and producing critical-liberating cinema. The data were obtained from a theoretical study using primary sources recorded at different moments in this educator's career. The hypothesis is that Freire's work contains an authentic method capable of guiding the practice of critical cinema. The hope is that the education of future generations of filmmakers can be inspired by the critical-liberating method and, thus, be able to produce art that not only denounces, but also announces paths for overcoming the unjust social order and counter the impacts on biodiversity.

A Multidimensional Exploration Based on Hofstede’s Cultural Theory: An Empirical Study on Chinese Audience Acceptance of American Animated Films

In the context of globalization, cross-cultural research is essential for understanding behaviors and values across different cultural backgrounds. The way audiences from diverse cultures interpret and accept film content significantly impacts the international dissemination and market performance of films. This study, grounded in Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions—power distance index (PDI), individualism vs. collectivism (IDV), uncertainty avoidance (UAI), masculinity vs. femininity (MAS), long-term vs. short-term orientation (LTO), and indulgence vs. restraint (IVR)—incorporates additional variables such as visual aesthetic appeal (VAA), narrative complexity (NCI), viewing motivation (VM), behavioral intentions (BIs), and brand loyalty (BL) to construct a multidimensional research framework. This framework aims to comprehensively examine the acceptance of American animated films among Chinese audiences and the cultural differences influencing such acceptance. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), this study analyzed the interrelationships between variables based on a sample of 507 participants with prior viewing experience. The findings reveal that different cultural dimensions significantly impact VM. PDI, UAI, and IDV exert significant negative influences on VM, with PDI being the most influential. Conversely, LTO and IVR do not demonstrate significant negative effects. In contrast, MAS, VAA, and NCI exhibit significant positive impacts on VM. Additionally, VM strongly influences audience acceptance, which, in turn, promotes the formation of BIs and repeated VM. This study extends the application of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to the domain of cross-cultural media consumption, enriching the theoretical framework with additional dimensions and offering a novel perspective for cross-cultural research. Furthermore, the study uncovers the intricate interactions between cultural context and film content, proposing strategies to enhance the acceptance of cross-cultural films. These findings not only provide valuable insights for the production and marketing of animated films but also offer strategic guidance for filmmakers in diverse markets.

Investigation of microbial induced calcium carbonate and struvite co-precipitation on cementitious material surfaces.

Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has garnered increasing attention in the realm of building materials. Among them, urease microorganisms have been extensively investigated due to their favorable attributes, including facile reaction control, heightened mineralization efficiency, and straightforward microorganism cultivation. Nevertheless, the presence of ammonia byproducts throughout the reaction process significantly restricted its extensive utilization. This work employed the application of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology to modify the surface of cement-based materials in a solution environment. Simultaneously, the generation of struvite (MgNH4PO4•6H2O) was induced to eliminate ammonia byproducts and improve the cementitious ability of the film layer. The potential synergistic impact between calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and struvite was observed, resulting in the production of a composite film with enhanced performance. Furthermore, the elimination efficacy of ammonia byproducts was found to exceed 90% after a treatment duration of 96h.

FILMES BIODEGRADÁVEIS ELABORADOS A PARTIR DE AMIDO DE MANDIOCA: UMA ANÁLISE DAS INOVAÇÕES SUSTENTÁVEIS

The search for alternatives to the use of plastic as packaging has been driving the adoption of new materials, has motivated the use of materials from renewable sources and biodegradables. The objective of this work was to carry out a descriptive bibliographic survey on research that focused on the use of cassava starch in the production of biodegradable films. The survey was carried out by consulting four data platforms: Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Pub med and Scopus. Having as search keywords the English terms "Cassava starch and biodegradable film". Articles published in the years 2018 to 2024 were selected, in journals with Qualis A1 classification with CAPES, with open access to the articles and the survey was carried out until the nineteenth day of November 2024. After consulting the platforms, 15 published studies with relevance to the theme developed were selected. They individually report the incorporation into the film made with cassava starch in different concentrations of materials such as yerba mate extract, cassava peel and bagasse, corn and cassava starch, bagasse from the production of blueberry juice, kappa caragenin (red algae extract), metakaolin, lignocellulose nanoparticles from cassava bagasse, nightshade extract, application of nanocompounds of metals such as zinc and cerium, Ocimum tenuiflorum and propolis by-product. And that after being tested and characterized by different techniques, such materials proved to be interesting as a way to promote the improvement of cassava starch films in relation to applicability as biodegradable packaging.

La producción audiovisual estatal costarricense, el caso del documental Dos veces mujer (1982): la condición de la mujer en Costa Rica a través del análisis de contenido, discurso e imagen y su recepción en la prensa de Costa Rica de 1982 a 1999

This article corresponds to a content analysis, discourse analysis and image analysis of the film documentary Twice a Woman, (1982) by Patricia Howell, which is part of the state production of the Costa Rican Center for Film Production that was carried out during 1973 to 1987. Likewise, a content analysis is carried out on the written press from 1982 to 1999 to know the relevance it maintained after being released, also to know the reception it had and in which spaces it was projected. This as an effort to know the impact that these state documentaries had (analyzing the case of one) on society, since they were critical of the Costa Rican reality, in addition, this article contributes to be a background to understand the dynamics of state production, its rise and its discontinuation, based on the contents of these audiovisual productions. One image of the documentary will be analyzed, since being an audiovisual production it is relevant to also know the visual part, which complements the discourse that carries the narrative of the film.

Technological Drivers of User-Generated Content in Local Film and Television Production in Kenya

Technological Drivers of User-Generated Content in Local Film and Television Production in Kenya

Student experience of intensive delivery in large scale studio-based learning

ABSTRACT This article explores the effect of the intensive mode of delivery on the student experience in large scale studio-based learning, by reporting on the shift to block teaching at Griffith University’s Bachelor of Film and Screen Media Production. We use quantitative student experience data over a six-year period (the three years prior to the introduction and the first three full years of the block model) for all 8 first-year core courses and 11 second year elective courses, and perform a reflexive thematic analysis of 3,036 comments in student experience surveys of 46 first-year core course instances. We conclude that the intensive mode of delivery benefits active learning strategies, can create a stronger student-teacher rapport and positively impacts students’ perception of their own learning. We argue that students might react more positively to iterative feedback and continuous assessment, and that instructors need to carefully consider volume of learning as well as avoid course overlaps and overly complex course designs. The article adds to a growing body of literature on intensive delivery and fills a gap in the knowledge of its effects on the student experience in large-scale studio-based screen production degrees.

Revolutionizing film commerce: The emergence of streaming platforms

The case explores the impact of on-demand streaming platforms on film production, distribution, and consumption. It discusses how the business models and the film value chain have transformed, specifically the idea of the theatrical window and viewers’ preferences. It also discusses how algorithms identify and reach new audience segments across the globe, significantly broadening the reach. Access to newer audience segments gives assurance of market potential both for studios to tap into newer markets and for the creatives to experiment with new content forms and subjects. Through the lens of Tyler, a film studio executive looking to produce films suited to the Indian film market, the case helps understand portfolio selection based on risk and reward. This is based on several factors related to content, distribution, actors, and genres. Tyler wants to capitalize on these nuances to identify an audience-film fit for his studio’s foray into the Indian film industry.

A Twenty-First Century Basque Auteur: The Case of Kepa Sojo

The work of Kepa Sojo offers an ideal window into the global dissemination opportunities available to contemporary Basque cinema through online streaming and international festival circuits. Sojo’s career as a filmmaker, academic and festival operator presents an exciting insight into ever-growing Basque film production as it negotiates regional and national boundaries. Furthermore, Sojo’s as yet critically under-addressed oeuvre provides insight into the pervading generic and stylistic trends of twenty-first century Basque filmmaking and their interaction with both the history and the future of this regional cinema.

Flexing Armageddon: Displacing Climate Change Anxiety through Soft Power Nationalist Interests in Guo Fan’s The Wandering Earth (2019)

Abstract In recent years, apparently as part of the public relations for its global “soft power” initiatives, China has moderately relaxed much of its previously archaic policy control of its cinema production industry. One result has been the release of a spate of Chinese films to international streaming platforms such as Netflix. One highly visible example is Guo Fan’s The Wandering Earth (2019), a pre-pandemic apocalypse film that unabashedly appropriates conventions from the raft of fin-de-millenaire Hollywood apocalypse films such as Michael Bay’s Armageddon (1998) as part of China’s political economy bid to enter into the international cinematic market. But is it as simple as all that? While films such as The Wandering Earth represent a welcome diversification of more international fare on such giant media streaming platforms as Netflix, and give international exposure to such talented Chinese directors as Guo Fan, the particular ideological project of the film should not go unnoticed. While critics such as Petrus Liu (2020), Laura Waisbich (2020), Ping Zhu (2020), and Amir Khan (2020) have noted the film as an allegory of catastrophic climate change, and Petrus Liu (2020) and Jeroen de Kloet (2022) have noted its similarity to Armageddon in particular, the specific ideological projects of the displacement of techno-industrial responsibility for catastrophic climate change in concert with a “soft power” competition with U.S. hegemony in the context of what Chris Berry (2021) refers to as the phenomenon of “two globalizations” has not been clearly articulated. When compared against Armageddon in particular, it becomes clear how the film works to displace climate change responsibilities in a soft power ideological gambit against U.S. global-capitalist hegemony. Thus, the project of this article is to explore how The Wandering Earth narratively raises the stakes on a similar American ideological project in such spectacular Hollywood films as Michael Bay’s Armageddon, in particular, for example, and resolves contemporary issues of eco-catastrophe with a melodramatic tale of xenophobic Chinese patriarchal salvation that supersedes the American originals in a “soft power” gambit for global hegemony.

Production, characterization and life cycle analysis of ZnO doped LDPE films

AbstractIn this study, virgin and recycled polymer films doped with ZnO in different proportions were prepared by extrusion. ZnO was first incorporated into LLDPE to produce masterbatches, which were then added to LDPE at a 10% ratio to fabricate the composite films. The produced films were analyzed using FTIR, SEM, TGA, DSC and tensile tests to evaluate their optical, thermal and mechanical properties. In addition, a life cycle assessment was carried out for each film and the environmental impacts were compared. A functional unit of 1 kg of film was selected and the process from raw material extraction to film production was analyzed in detail using the cradle‐to‐gate model. The findings indicate that the recycled film produced with 1% ZnO addition exhibits superior optical and thermal properties, high tensile and break strength, and offers positive environmental benefits. Therefore, recycled film produced with 1% ZnO additive was considered the most sustainable and suitable option for bag production.Highlights Virgin and recycled polymer films were doped with ZnO and produced. Films' optical, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied. The 1% ZnO doped recycled film exhibited high optical and thermal properties. LCA show 1% ZnO doped recycled film is the optimal sustainable product.

Beta‐Lactoglobulin for Water‐Based and Tunable Nanostructure Templating of Printed Titania Thin Films: The Influence of pH Value and Protein Concentration

AbstractAn environmentally friendly as well as scalable synthesis route of nanostructured titania thin films is of interest for many state‐of‐the‐art devices, from solar cells to battery materials. Beta‐lactoglobulin (ß‐lg) enables water‐based and tunable titania thin film templating, allowing for different domain sizes, porosities, and morphologies. When printed with a slot‐die coater, the titania films can be tailored to specific applications with simple changes to the solution chemistry. Films printed at acidic pH conditions form significantly different final morphologies than films printed at a neutral pH value. The protein concentration plays a more limited role in the final nanostructure. With in situ grazing incidence small‐angle/wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS), the structure formation is followed with an excellent time resolution during the printing process. From the GISAXS measurements, the size evolution of the titania clusters is understood, showing significant differences for different pH values. Crystal phases and corresponding crystal orientations are investigated with GIWAXS. The combination of a water‐based titania synthesis with the scalable film deposition via slot die coating makes the presented results interesting for potential environmentally friendly mass production of nanostructured titania films.

Portrayal of Deaf characters in Korean movies.

Characters in movies have the potential to influence perceptions of how people see themselves. Deaf adolescents who have little opportunity to interact with Deaf peers or family members may be particularly drawn to Deaf people they see in the media. How the media portrays Deaf people may impact Deaf adolescents' self-perceptions of and language preferences. Yet little is known about the ways Deaf people are portrayed in movies, particularly films developed outside of the United States and not in English. In this study, we utilized content analysis to explore the portrayal of Deaf characters in Korean movies and Deaf involvement in the production of films. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the extent to which characters were portrayed by medical or cultural perspectives of Deaf people. Findings indicate that 68.5% of scenes in the sampled Korean films include medical rather than cultural messages about Deaf people. Additionally, none of the movies had Deaf people directly involved in the production of the films. Implications for future directions regarding identity and portrayal of Deaf people in media are discussed.

A comprehensive review of oral disintegrating film products, and their quality assessment and development

A comprehensive review of oral disintegrating film products, and their quality assessment and development

Dynamic Reconstruction of Fluid Interface Manipulated by Fluid Balancing Agent for Scalable Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Laboratory-scale spin-coating techniques are widely employed for fabricating small-size, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. However, achieving large-area, high-uniformity perovskite films and thus high-efficiency solar cell devices remain challenging due to the complex fluid dynamics and drying behaviors of perovskite precursor solutions during large-area fabrication processes. In this work, a high-quality, pinhole-free, large-area FAPbI3 perovskite film is successfully obtained via scalable blade-coating technology, assisted by a novel bidirectional Marangoni convection strategy. By incorporating methanol (MeOH) as a fluid balance agent, the direction of Marangoni convection is effectively regulated, mitigating the disordered motion of colloidal precursor particles during the printing process. As a result, champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 24.45% and 20.32% are achieved for small-area FAPbI3 devices (0.07cm2) and large-area modules (21cm2), respectively. Notably, under steady illumination, the device reached a stabilized PCE of 24.28%. Furthermore, the unencapsulated device exhibited remarkable operational stability, retaining 92.03% of its initial PCE after 1800h under ambient conditions (35±5% relative humidity, 30°C). To demonstrate the universality of this strategy, a blue perovskite light-emitting diode is fabricated, showing an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.78% and an electroluminescence wavelength (EL) of 494nm. This work provides a significant technique for advancing solution-processed, industrial-scale production of high-quality and stable perovskite films and solar cells.

Aerosol CVD Carbon Nanotube Thin Films: From Synthesis to Advanced Applications: A Comprehensive Review.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) produced by the floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method are among the most promising nanomaterials of today, attracting interest from both academic and industrial sectors. These CNTs exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity, optical properties, and mechanical resilience due to their binder-free and low-defect structure, while the FCCVD method enables their continuous and scalable synthesis. Among the methodological FCCVD variations, aerosol CVD' is distinguished by its production of freestanding thin films comprising macroscale CNT networks, which exhibit superior performance and practical applicability. This review elucidates the complex interrelations between aerosol CVD reactor synthesis conditions and the resulting properties of the CNTs. A unified approach connecting all stages of the synthesis process is proposed as a comprehensive guide. This review examines the correlations between CNT structural parameters (length and diameter) and resultant film properties (conductivity, optical, and mechanical characteristics) to establish a comprehensive framework for optimizing CNT thin film synthesis. The analysis encompasses characterization methodologies specific to aerosol CVD-synthesized CNTs and evaluates how their properties influence applications across diverse domains, from energy devices to optoelectronics. The review concludes by addressing current challenges and prospects in this field.

Sodium alginate/κ-carrageenan films for mupirocin dermal delivery

Aim: The chronicity of injuries is also a public health problem, and it is necessary to develop and apply new materials to promote more satisfactory results in the wound healing. Thus, this study aims to develop natural polymer films based on a combination of κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate, crosslinked with Zn2+, for the controlled delivery of mupirocin (MUP). Methods: Vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and infrared spectroscopies) was used to characterize the chemical structure and crosslinking process. Micro-Raman imaging and scanning electron microscopy were employed to observe the spatial distribution of the polymers and morphology of the samples, respectively. The uniformity (in terms of mass, thickness, and MUP concentration) of the films, MUP release kinetics, and their bactericidal activity were subjected to analysis. Results: The films exhibited good uniformity in terms of thickness, mass, and quantity of MUP. However, the percentage of antibiotics was lower than that added, indicating losses during the film production process. Swelling and release kinetic studies indicated good swelling capacity of the films and controlled drug delivery process. The antibacterial activity of the films was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the zone of inhibition method. All films produced showed activity against the growth of these bacteria. Conclusions: The results illustrate the potential of employing κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate in the fabrication of polymeric films for the regulated release of MUP, with the aim of developing wound dressings that can improve wound healing outcomes.