Description Of Production Research Articles

Irreversible Geometrothermodynamics of Open Systems in Modified Gravity.

In this work, we explore the formalism of the irreversible thermodynamics of open systems and the possibility of gravitationally generated particle production in modified gravity. More specifically, we consider the scalar-tensor representation of f(R,T) gravity, in which the matter energy-momentum tensor is not conserved due to a nonminimal curvature-matter coupling. In the context of the irreversible thermodynamics of open systems, this non-conservation of the energy-momentum tensor can be interpreted as an irreversible flow of energy from the gravitational sector to the matter sector, which, in general, could result in particle creation. We obtain and discuss the expressions for the particle creation rate, the creation pressure, and the entropy and temperature evolutions. Applied together with the modified field equations of scalar-tensor f(R,T) gravity, the thermodynamics of open systems lead to a generalization of the ΛCDM cosmological paradigm, in which the particle creation rate and pressure are considered effectively as components of the cosmological fluid energy-momentum tensor. Thus, generally, modified theories of gravity in which these two quantities do not vanish provide a macroscopic phenomenological description of particle production in the cosmological fluid filling the Universe and also lead to the possibility of cosmological models that start from empty conditions and gradually build up matter and entropy.

To Invest or not to Invest: The Start-Up Investment Decision-Making Process

This article discusses the five stages involved in securing financing for a start-up business. The first stage involves market analysis to determine the potential for development, including estimation of the addressable market, analysis of the competitive environment using tools like the Five-Forces Model, and identification of the ideal customer and/or consumer. The second section focuses on the business model, which involves determining whether the product is technological or service-based, and conducting a product description, numerical estimation, and definition of the technological dimension. The third section outlines the growth strategy, including identifying competitive advantages and developing a roadmap with the main commercial and technical characteristics to be developed in the future. The fourth stage involves determining the amount of investment required and how the funds will be used. The evaluation of the start-up is a crucial step in this process. The article identifies two fundamental principles for evaluation, namely, that the earlier the start-up, the less sophisticated the evaluation methods, and that since start-ups are not listed on the stock exchange, evaluation is eminently subjective and a continual negotiation process. The final stage involves auditing the existing situation to determine whether the company presents legal or financial risks and whether financing can take place or not.

Composition of Flavour Non Volatile Compound Steamed Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy)

This research aims to identify the composition of non-volatile flavor compounds contained in the steamed gourami (Osphronemus gouramy). The research was carried out experimentally with the treatment of steamed gourami samples (at 100℃ for ± 30 minutes). This research was conducted at the Fisheries Product Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor; IPB Integrated Laboratory. A simple product description test was carried out on samples which included the appearance of the meat, aroma, texture, and taste. Identification of non-volatile flavor compounds using tools High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that steamed gourami has 15 identified non-volatile flavor compounds of 15 amino acid compounds. Two umami-flavored amino acids are 4.09% glutamic acid and 2.67% aspartic acid. The four sweet tasting amino acids are 1.53% alanine, 1.19% threonine, 1.13% glycine and 1.01% serine. The nine bitter amino acids are lysine 2.54%, leucine 2.11%, arginine 1.64%, valine 1.30%, isoleucine 1.29%, phenylalanine 1.14%, tyrosine 0.91%, methionine 0, 79% and histidine 0.66%. Steamed gourami has an intact appearance and is pale white in color. The aroma of steamed gourami is fresh and tasty according to the specific gourami. The texture of the meat is dense, soft and very compact. The taste of steamed gourami is savory according to the specific type.

Valeska Bopp-Filimonov and Martin Jung, eds. Kaleidoskop Rumänien. Einblicke in die aktuelle Vielfalt des interdisziplinären Faches Rumänistik

Valeska Bopp-Filimonov and Martin Jung, eds. <i>Kaleidoskop Rumänien. Einblicke in die aktuelle Vielfalt des interdisziplinären Faches Rumänistik</i>

Bringing the Garden Online: An Exploration of Best Practices for E-Commerce Plant Sales

Abstract: As we've learned from reading many research papers and other sources, many people want to acquire plants andgo right to the nursery, but occasionally they don't know all there is to know about a certain plant or the seller is not technically skilled. Customers don't compare plant prices between different retailers, and there is no online payment option available in nurseries. The e-nursery in this instance is a platform where customers can quickly compare plant prices and make online payments. Excellent customer service is crucial. Our staff intends to provide knowledgeable answers to inquiries and advise when we feel it is necessary since we want every customer to have a positive shopping experience.This study investigates the user experience and best practises for a website that sells plants online. An analysis of the functionality and design elements of an existing online plant marketplace is included in the study, along with user comments and evaluations. The study also looks at the difficulties and possibilities brought on by e-commerce plant sales, such as problems with shipping and handling, plant quality control, and customer service. Through this investigation, the paper pinpoints crucial tactics for profitable online plant sales, such as persuasive product descriptions, simple website navigation, and helpful customer service. In the end, this study emphasizes the potential of online plant sales as a successful and long-lasting business model for the green sector while offering advice and suggestions to business owners and developers.

Etika Bisnis Islam Dalam Jual Beli Di Marketplace

This research discusses marketing that occurs in the existing Shopee Marketplace in connection with the current implementation of Islamic business ethics, Shopee sellers must maintain integrity and honesty. The phenomenon that occurs is honesty, where the seller displays an accurate and honest product description. using primary and secondary data methods. Informants in this research include sellers at the Shopee Marketplace in the city of Sampang and outside the city of Sampang. Using an approach with qualitative research methods. To check and test data validity techniques, use the Triangulation method. Data analysis in this research was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions as the final goal. The research results show that in Islamic Business Ethics in marketing on the Shopee Marketplace it is important to prevent practices of manipulation, intimidation or immoral behavior towards buyers which include: Unity, Balance, Free Will, Responsibility Responsibility), and Truth. The conclusion in this research is that the implementation of Islamic Business Ethics in marketing activities at the Shopee Marketplace has not been fully implemented in its entirety. The importance of applying Islamic Marketing Ethics by interacting with sellers in the marketing process to provide a deeper understanding.

Detection of a Thermal Stable-Soluble Protein (TSSP) as a Marker of Peanut Adulteration Using a Highly Sensitive Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay based on Monoclonal Antibodies.

Food allergy represents a severe problem for many societies, including sensitive populations, academies, health authorities, and the food industry. Peanut allergy occupies a special place in the food allergy spectrum. To prevent consumption by consumers suffering from a peanut allergy, a rapid and sensitive detection method is essential to identify unintended peanut adulteration in processed foods. In this study, we produced four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs; RO 3A1-12, PB 4C12-10, PB 5F9-23, and PB 6G4-30) specific to thermo-stable and soluble proteins (TSSPs) of peanut and developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the MAbs. Among them, PB 5F9-23 MAb was firmly bound to Ara h 1, and other MAbs strongly reacted to Ara h 3 in the Western blot analysis. An antibody cocktail solution of the MAbs was used to enhance the sensitivity of an indirect ELISA, and the limit of detection of the indirect ELISA based on the antibody cocktail solution was 1 ng/ml and improved compared to the indirect ELISA based on the single MAb (11 ng/ml). The cross-reaction analysis revealed the high specificity of developed MAbs to peanut TSSPs without cross-reaction to other food allergens, including nuts. Subsequently, analyzing processed foods by indirect ELISA, all foods labeled as containing peanuts in the product description were confirmed to be positive. The results indicate that the developed antibodies exhibit high specificity and sensitivity to peanuts and can be used as bio-receptors in immunoassays or biosensors to detect intentional or unintentional adulteration of peanuts in processed foods, particularly heat-processed foods.

Understanding how they really feel: Lesson learned from four approaches to soliciting user preferences for new contraceptive products in development

Background: An expanded range of contraceptive methods could reduce unintended pregnancies. User preferences research is important for successful development of products people want to us. This paper describes four approaches to preferences research soliciting user input in different ways: 1) perspectives on contraceptive method characteristics, 2) reactions to products in development, 3) trade-offs between contraceptive method characteristics, and 4) “blue-sky” ideas on novel contraceptive technologies. Methods: We conducted two mixed-method studies: one implemented in Burkina Faso and Uganda combining three of these approaches, and the other implemented in India and Nigeria using two approaches. We share observations on the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and draw on our experience to highlight lessons learned for future user preferences studies. Results: Each approach contributes to product development in different ways, and the usefulness of each methodology depends on the product development stage and corresponding informational needs. Conclusions: Recommendations for future research include combining different methods, angles, and perspectives; using sequential designs whenever possible; tailoring product descriptions to user understanding for optimal feedback; and acknowledging the value and limitations of both quantitative results for modeling demand and idiosyncratic ideas to inspire development of new products.

Improving Norwegian Translation of Bicycle Terminology Using Custom Named-Entity Recognition and Neural Machine Translation

The Norwegian business-to-business (B2B) market for bicycles consists mainly of international brands, such as Shimano, Trek, Cannondale, and Specialized. The product descriptions for these brands are usually in English and need local translation. However, these product descriptions include bicycle-specific terminologies that are challenging for online translators, such as Google. For this reason, local companies outsource translation or translate product descriptions manually, which is cumbersome. In light of the Norwegian B2B bicycle industry, this paper explores transfer learning to improve the machine translation of bicycle-specific terminology from English to Norwegian, including generic text. Firstly, we trained a custom Named-Entity Recognition (NER) model to identify cycling-specific terminology and then adapted a MarianMT neural machine translation model for the translation process. Due to the lack of publicly available bicycle-terminology-related datasets to train the proposed models, we created our dataset by collecting a corpus of cycling-related texts. We evaluated the performance of our proposed model and compared its performance with that of Google Translate. Our model outperformed Google Translate on the test set, with a SacreBleu score of 45.099 against 36.615 for Google Translate on average. We also created a web application where the user can input English text with related bicycle terminologies, and it will return the detected cycling-specific words in addition to a Norwegian translation.

Design Proposal for a Virtual Shopping Assistant for People with Vision Problems Applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Accessibility is an increasingly important topic for Ecommerce, especially for individuals with vision problems. To improve their online experience, the design of a voice assistant has been proposed to allow these individuals to browse and shop online more quickly and efficiently. This voice assistant forms an intelligent system that can understand and respond to users’ voice commands. The design considers the visual limitations of the users, such as difficulty reading information on the screen or identifying images. The voice assistant provides detailed product descriptions and ideas in a clear, easy-to-understand voice. In addition, the voice assistant has a series of additional features to improve the shopping experience. For example, the assistant can provide product recommendations based on the user’s previous purchases and information about special promotions and discounts. The main goal of this design is to create an accessible and inclusive online shopping experience for the visually impaired. The voice assistant is based on a conversational user interface, allowing users to easily navigate an eCommerce website, search for products, and make purchases.

Escape from tariffs: The political economies of protection and classification

AbstractThe literature on the political economy of trade protection has focused on how firms lobby for their preferred tariffs, but opportunities to change the tariff schedule in the United States by legislation are relatively uncommon. How can importers lobbying in their private capacity escape from tariffs without relying on Congress? In the United States, products must be sorted into tariff categories by the customs office before the appropriate duty can be determined. This article documents how firms seek to lower their tariffs by strategically requesting product classifications from customs. Firms hire lawyers to make legal arguments to customs officials promoting an interpretation of the tariff schedule which lowers their costs. Lobbying for favorable classification is most important to the firm when similar categories have very different tariffs. The language of product descriptions is political because legal arguments for a particular classification are more persuasive when the descriptions are worded flexibly. Using a data set of over 200,000 classification rulings between 1990 and 2020, I find evidence that firms request classifications in response to certain quotas and the China tariffs. The findings characterize the tariff schedule as a living document and describe how the distribution of tariffs and the language of product descriptions affect the structure of protection.

Linguistic Framing of Artificial Intelligence: What Language to Use When Talking about Artificial Intelligence

AbstractA psycholinguistic study was conducted to assess the level of trust in different fictional products with varying framing. It was found that the product type has the greatest influence on the level of acceptance, while the expert or layperson status of the participants has the least influence. The second most relevant influencing factor is framing. The level of trust is estimated higher by all groups when a product description using the frame SUPPORTING rather than the frames DECIDING or CONTROL is presented.

Quality Improvement of Batik Packaging in Kalinyamat Wetan Village Tegal City

Kalinyamat Wetan is one of the villages located in Tegal City, Central Java, Indonesia. Based on observations made by the community partnership program of Pancasakti Tegal University there are problems faced by our partners, namely: 1) the uneven economy of the residents of Kalinyamat Wetan Village. In general, the economy of The People of Kalinyamat Wetan is good enough, but there are some poor people in Kalinyamat Wetan who need capital assistance and skills courses so that it can be used for entrepreneurship, 2) The problem of lack of knowledge about innovations in the field of Industry. The level of education is still relatively low in Kalimat Wetan which leads to a lack of information and knowledge about the latest innovations to developments in the field of Industry. To answer the problem, we provide solutions through providing training to batik craftsmen to improve the quality of their batik packaging. This is done so that there is an increase in the turnover of batik sales in order to increase their revenue. The implementation of community partnership program activities in the village of Kalinyamat Wetan Tegal city consisting of planning, action and evaluation in general went lancer and successful. Residents in the village of Kalinyamat Wetan, especially batik craftsmen have been able to make a variety of batik packaging designs and are able to provide product descriptions in attractive batik packaging. Residents responded to this PKM activity with great enthusiasm.

Product information the more the better? A moderated mediation model to explain consumer purchasing intention in cross-border e-commerce

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of product information on purchase intention and evaluate the moderated mediation effect of return policy leniency in cross-border e-commerce.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is to use multiple regression analysis on 406 qualified online survey responses to determine the influence of product description, product display, and product content on consumer purchasing intention through product involvement as well as the moderated mediation effect of return policy leniency.FindingsThe results show that product description and product content were positively associated with product involvement, while product display did not exhibit a significant relationship between it and product involvement. As hypothesized, product involvement mediated the relationship of product description and product content with consumer purchasing intention. The return policy leniency was also found to positively moderate the mediation path of product content on purchasing intention through product involvement.Originality/valueThis study bridges a gap in the literature on the influence of three kinds of product information on purchasing intention through product involvement in a cross-border e-commerce context. Especially the study is one of the first attempts to determine that good return policy do not apply universally due to implied boundary conditions. The results can be used to expand consumption in cross-border e-commerce.

The impact of outside option saliency and product descriptions on consumer wine tasting behavior

AbstractConsumer choice of differentiated products, such as wine, depends on the composition of the choice set consumers are choosing from. However, choice sets are often situationally defined through wine-tasting lists or displayed wines in a particular tasting and sales environment. In this paper, we use an experiment to explicitly modify the saliency of wine options available outside the tasting room choice set and the amount of sensory information available about the wines before wine tasting. We explicitly test whether consumer regret and fear of missing out on alternative options or consumer search costs are more likely to drive behavior around large choice sets. We find that increasing the saliency of outside options decreases one's propensity to taste the wines available for tasting and purchase immediately, while changing search costs through sensory descriptions does not affect tasting behavior. This provides support for the anticipated regret and fear of missing out motivations for behavior around large wine-tasting lists.

Evaluasi Layanan Penjualan Makanan Secara Offline dan Online

This study examines the differences between attribute importance and product evaluation of food services offline and online. The research is a quantitative approach in nature. The research population is all people who have bought food offline and online, with a sample of 262 people. The variables in this study consist of product attributes and purchase decisions. The product attributes in this study consist of varied menus, low prices, promos, practicality, service speed, suitability of product descriptions with the served food, and store ambiance. An online questionnaire is a tool for data collection. The results showed (1) there is no difference in attribute importance between the two preference groups except for ambiance in food consumption, and (2) there are differences in service evaluation between the two preference groups when evaluating offline and online food service.

Использование англицизмов в немецкоязычной виртуальной рекламной коммуникации (на материале сайтов немецких косметических компаний)

More and more English loan words appear on German internet sites with each year, following the mass media globalization trend. This article describes English loan words and phrases in the German-speaking online advertising of German cosmetics brands. The authors examined how English borrowings function in the virtual advertising and defined their place in the text structure. The research included such methods as dictionary definition, linguistic, contextual, and structural analyses. The continuous sampling revealed the following contexts: product names, slogans, and product descriptions. Advertisers referred to English borrowings to make the advertizing international, to use them as stylistic devices, or to designate new concepts. The borrowings differed in structure as individual lexemes or phrases, both English and German, sometimes with no grammatical agreement between the adjective and the noun. English phrases occurred more often than separate words.

How do you say it matters? A multimodal analytics framework for product return prediction in live streaming e-commerce

As a new shopping paradigm, live streaming e-commerce has undergone rapid development in recent years. However, a higher return rate than that of traditional e-commerce not only affects the consumption experience of users but also is detrimental to the development of the entire industry. Previous studies on product returns have mainly focused on traditional e-commerce, with few studies considering signals in unstructured data formats. The main contribution of our research is the design of a multimodal analytics framework to predict product returns in live streaming e-commerce settings. Multimodal features (e.g., visual, textual, and acoustic) and their correlations extracted from different data sources (product descriptions and live streaming records) are considered in our prediction model. In addition, to better study the impact of anchor speech during live streaming, we propose an acoustic feature extraction model called “OpenTransformer,” which extracts acoustic features of anchor audio and outperforms baselines. We have conducted experiments based on a real-world dataset collected from Taobao live streaming. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of using multimodal signals from products and anchors for product return prediction. The managerial implications of our research are that live streaming platforms and potential consumers can prejudge which sold products will have high return rates in a timely fashion, and based on these predictions, merchants and anchors can better design their product descriptions and speech behaviors. This study thus supports more effective development of live streaming e-commerce markets.

Measuring semantic gap between user-generated content and product descriptions through compression comparison in e-commerce

The significance of user-generated content as a source for business intelligence and analytics has been on the rise since the inception of electronic commerce platforms and has been solidified in the wake of the pandemic due to the prominence of electronic commerce as a sales channel. The prevailing approach to harnessing unstructured data involves the utilization of Artificial Intelligence; however, there exist simpler alternatives capable of yielding valuable information. This article introduces a methodology grounded in information theory to quantify the semantic disparity between the consumer community and product descriptions.This disparity can result in potential misunderstandings in the dialogue among consumers, and incidental costs in the dialogue between consumers and vendors. One plausible explanation for this disparity is that the terminology employed by consumers may possess different meanings compared to that utilized by product description writers. Our methodology employs large corpora of consumer reviews and product descriptions to quantify this semantic disparity across multiple electronic commerce domains through the implementation of random word exchanges and compression. Furthermore, we utilize neural word embeddings to identify specific words exhibiting the greatest semantic drift between reviews and descriptions, thereby providing lexical examples of these gaps. Our findings indicate that lower levels of lexical-semantic gap are associated with better consumer satisfaction.

Nutritional Description of Organic and Conventional Food Products in Spain: The BADALI Project.

Organic food and drink is undoubtedly a growing market. Consumers perceive organic food as healthy, and nutrition claims (NCs) and fortification may add to this perception. Whether this is true is still a matter of controversy, particularly for organic food products. We present here the first comprehensive study of large samples of six specific organic food types, analysing the nutritional quality (nutrient composition and "healthiness") as well as the use of NCs and fortification. In parallel, a comparison with conventional food is also carried out. For this purpose, the Food Database of products in the Spanish market, BADALI, was used. Four cereal-based and two dairy-substitute food types were analysed. Our results show that as many as 81% of organic foods are considered "less healthy" by the Pan American Health Organization Nutrient Profile Model (PAHO-NPM). Organic foods present a slightly improved nutrient profile compared to conventional foods. However, many of the differences, though statistically significant, are nutritionally irrelevant. Organic foods use NCs very frequently, more than conventional foods, with very little micronutrient fortification. The main conclusion of this work is that consumers' perception that organic food products are healthy is unfounded from a nutritional point of view.