Peroxidation Products Research Articles

Photoenzyme Coupling System: Covalent Organic Frameworks In Situ Production of Hydrogen Peroxide Cascaded with Unspecific Peroxygenase to Achieve C-H Bonds Selective Activation.

As an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly semiconductor material, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by photocatalysis, attracting wide attention in recent years. Herein, the effects of hydroxyl, methoxyl, and vinyl groups of imide-linked two-dimensional (2D) COFs on the photocatalytic production of H2O2 were studied theoretically and experimentally. The introduction of vinyl groups greatly promotes the photogenerated charge separation and migration of COFs, providing more oxygen adsorption sites, stronger proton affinity, and lower intermediate binding energy, which effectively facilitates the rapid conversion of oxygen to H2O2. Further, we have integrated the properties of the photocatalytic in situ generation of H2O2 by COFs and the continuous consumption of H2O2 by unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) to construct a mild and simple photoenzyme coupling system that can achieve selective activation of C-H bonds without the need of any external oxidants or sacrificial agents. This simple, stable, and compatible photoenzyme system avoids irreversible enzyme damage caused by excessive exogenous H2O2 and the utilization of sacrificial agents, thus providing an efficient and green pathway for fine chemical synthesis. This system not only breaks the restriction of continuous exogenous H2O2 supplementation on the UPO catalytic system but also provides a new practical application direction for semiconductor photocatalytic H2O2 production.

Creation of Piezoelectricity in Quadruple Perovskite Oxides by Harnessing Cation Defects and Their Application in Piezo-Photocatalysis.

Quadruple perovskite oxides have received extensive attention in electronics and catalysis, owing to their cation-ordering structure and intriguing physical properties. However, their repertoires still remain limited. In particular, piezoelectricity from quadruple perovskites has been rarely reported due to the frustrated symmetry-breaking transition in A-site-ordered perovskite structures, disabling their piezoelectric applications. Herein, we report a feasible strategy to achieve piezoelectricity in CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) quadruple perovskite via cation defect engineering, specifically through a thermal-driven selective cation exsolution strategy to introduce Cu vacancies. The introduction of Cu point defects in CCTO locally destabilizes the constrained tilted TiO6 octahedra framework, relaxing the octahedral tilting and inducing structural heterogeneity which, in turn, disrupts the high symmetry of the pristine cubic phase. As a result, the defective CCTO with localized asymmetry exhibits intense polarization and a robust piezoelectricity of 7 pC N-1. The created piezoelectricity is further validated by its application as a piezo-photocatalyst, enabling efficient charge separation and transfer with a 2.5-times increment in the lifetime of photoexcitations. This enhancement leads to a 3.86- and 31-fold increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species compared with individual piezocatalysis and photocatalysis, respectively. This study establishes a pathway to engineer piezoelectricity in quadruple perovskites, potentially unlocking a wide range of applications in modern microelectronics beyond the demonstrated piezo-photocatalysis.

In vitro biochemical features of cold plasma application in MCF-7 experimental breast cancer cells

Introduction. Low-temperature plasma is currently used in medicine, including cancer therapy. Plasma-activated biological solutions have already been proposed as potential reagents for cancer treatment. However, the biological effects in cells induced by exposure to cold plasma still remain unexplored. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms of the effects of cold plasma on cells is of great clinical importance for its clinical application. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cold plasma exposure on apoptosis, catalase activity, and malonic dialdehyde content in MCF-7 breast cancer cell cultures compared to 3T3 normal fibroblast cells. Material and Methods. MCF-7 mammary epithelial cells were used as research objects, and NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were used as controls. Cell suspensions were treated using low-temperature atmospheric discharge plasma with escaping electrons. Annexin V and propidium iodide were used to quantify cell line apoptosis. The content of malonic dialdehyde was determined by the developing coloration of its solution with 2-thiobarbituric acid at high temperature in acidic medium. The activity of catalase was estimated by the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide for a certain time of incubation of the mixture. Results. It was found that irradiation of MCF-7 cell culture with plasma led to an increase in the content of malondialdehyde, the main product of lipid peroxidation. the increase in this parameter is an indicator of cell membrane damage and oxidative stress induced by irradiation. In addition, under the same irradiation regime, cold plasma showed a stimulating effect on the culture of 3T3 cells, while on the MCF-7 culture, on the contrary, it stimulated the activation of apoptosis and cell death. Conclusion. In the present study, we found that exposure of tumor and normal cells to cold plasma promotes apoptosis activation. Catalase and MDA activity have been shown to be significant markers capable of assessing the intensity of oxidative stress.

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production via a CuWO4/WO3 Heterojunction with High Selectivity and Stability.

The electrocatalytic conversion of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide offers a promising pathway for sustainable energy production. However, the development of catalysts that are highly active, stable, and cost-effective for hydrogen peroxide synthesis remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel polyacid-based metal-organic coordination compound (Cu-PW) was synthesized using a hydrothermal approach. Cu-PW served as a precursor to construct a composite electrocatalyst featuring a heterointerface between CuWO4 and WO3 (CuWO4/WO3) through pyrolysis. The CuWO4/WO3 heterojunction exhibits an impressive H2O2 selectivity of 91.84% at 0.5 V, marking a 19.65% improvement compared to the pristine Cu-PW. Furthermore, the CuWO4/WO3 catalyst demonstrates exceptional stability, maintaining continuous operation for 29 h. At 0.1 V, it delivers a hydrogen peroxide yield of 1537.8 mmol g-1 h-1, with a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 85%. Additionally, this catalyst effectively degrades methyl blue, achieving a 95% removal from an aqueous system within 30 min. Theoretical analysis further corroborates the high electroactivity of CuWO4/WO3 heterojunction structure. The Cu-O-W bridge formed during the reaction facilitates interfacial electron transport and enhances the role of the W-O bond in proton adsorption and transfer kinetics. This strong interfacial coupling in CuWO4/WO3 promotes electron transfer and the formation of *OOH intermediates, thereby favoring hydrogen peroxide generation. Hence, the as-prepared CuWO4/WO3 demonstrates great potential as an efficient electrocatalyst for the green synthesis of hydrogen peroxide, exhibiting high efficiency as a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction catalyst. This work offers a new approach for fabricating CuWO4/WO3 electrocatalyst with high electroactivity and selectivity, paving the way for cost-effective and sustainable hydrogen peroxide production, significantly reducing reliance on the conventional anthraquinone process.

Highly Efficient Metal-Free Coal-Based Carbon Aerogel Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide

Highly Efficient Metal-Free Coal-Based Carbon Aerogel Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide

Metal-organic frameworks as thermocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide generation and environmental antibacterial applications.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive, making them useful for environmental and health applications. Traditionally, photocatalysts and piezocatalysts have been used to generate ROS, but their utilization is limited by various environmental and physical constraints. This study introduces metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as modern thermocatalysts efficiently producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from small temperature differences. Temperature fluctuations, abundant in daily life, offer tremendous potential for practical thermocatalytic applications. As proof of concept, MOF materials coated onto carbon fiber fabric (MOF@CFF) created a thermocatalytic antibacterial filter. The study compared three different MOFs (CuBDC, MOF-303, and ZIF-8) with bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), a known thermocatalytic material. ZIF-8 demonstrated superior H2O2 generation under low-temperature differences, achieving 96% antibacterial activity through temperature variation cycles. This work advances potential in thermoelectric applications of MOFs, enabling real-time purification and disinfection through H2O2 generation. The findings open interdisciplinary avenues for leveraging thermoelectric effects in catalysis and various technologies.

Red blood cell changes due to cancer and cancer treatments: a narrative review.

To date, there is relatively limited research investigating changes in red blood cells (RBCs), particularly qualitative changes, in cancer patients and cancer patients receiving treatment. These changes may be important in better understanding cancer-associated anemia, which is the most prevalent hematological disorder in cancer patients with wide-ranging implications on patient care and quality of life. This review aims to summarize available evidence regarding qualitative and quantitative changes in RBCs in individuals with cancer prior to treatment and in patients undergoing treatment. The most commonly reported changes in RBCs in cancer patients were increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and decreased hemoglobin, RBC count, and hematocrit. There were increased lipid peroxidation products and decreased antioxidants. There were increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and decreased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (FAs). Additionally, RBC shape alterations with various atypical morphologies, membrane structure abnormalities, and impaired fluidity were also reported. These and various other reported findings are discussed in depth. There are several reported quantitative and qualitative RBC changes in individuals with cancer, with some studies exhibiting conflicting results. Further research is needed to solidify the data and to better understand hematological-associated comorbidities in those patients.

Vacancy-Activated B-Doping for Efficient 2e- Oxygen Reduction through Suppressing H2O2 Decomposition at High Overpotential.

The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR) has emerged as a more environmentally friendly alternative to the traditional anthraquinone method. Although oxidized carbon catalysts have intensive developed due to their high selectivity and activity, the yield and conversion rate of H2O2 under high overpotential still limited. The produced H2O2 was rapidly consumed by the increased intensity of H2O2 reduction, which could ascribe to decomposition of peroxide radicals under high voltage in the carbon catalyst. To overcome this issue, a B doped carbon have been developed to catalyze 2e- ORR with high efficient through suppressing H2O2 decomposition at high potential. Thus, thermal reducing of oxygen containing groups (OCGs) on graphite could construct defects and vacancies, which in situ convert to B-Cx subunits on the edge of graphene sheets. The introduction of B-Cx effectively prevented the decomposition of the *O-O bond and provided suitable adsorption capacity for *OOH, achieving excellent selectivity for the 2e- ORR across a wide voltage range. Finally, a remarkable H2O2 yield of 7.91 mmol cm-2 h-1 was delivered at an industrial current density of 600 mA cm-2, which could provide "green" pathway for scale-upable synthesis H2O2.

Co-encapsulation of Creatininase, Creatinase, and Sarcosine Oxidase in Yeast Spore for Creatinine Degradation.

Creatinine clearance is used to reflect the glomerular filtration rate to assess kidney function. Creatinine degradation-related enzymes have been used for creatinine detection in clinical medicine. The mixture of spores encapsulating either creatininase or creatinase or sarcosine oxidase could mediate a three-step reaction to produce hydrogen peroxide from creatinine. In this study, to achieve consecutive and efficient creatinine detection, degradation enzymes creatininase, creatinase, and sarcosine oxidase were co-encapsulated in a single Saccharomyces cerevisiae spore. The co-encapsulation spores performed high specific activity and enzymatic properties and converted creatinine to H2O2, which was 160% higher than the mixture of spores that individually expressed these three enzymes. The detection condition of co-encapsulation was optimized for the store at room temperature and resistance to environmental stresses. The S. cerevisiae spores can co-encapsulate enzyme families and catalyze consecutive reactions in the spore wall, having potential application prospects.

The Adducts Lipid Peroxidation Products with 2′-DeoxyNucleosides: A Theoretical Approach of Ionisation Potential

The human body contains ~1014 cells—each of which is separated by a lipid bilayer, along with its organeller. Unsaturated fatty acids are located on the external layer and, as a result, are particularly exposed to harmful factors, including xenobiotics and ionising radiation. During this activity, lipid peroxidation products are generated, e.g., 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNA), 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal (ONE), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The mentioned aldehydes can react with cytosolic 2′-deoxynucleosides via Michael addition. In this paper, the following adducts have been taken into theoretical consideration: ε-dCyt, H-ε-dAde, ε-dCyt, H-ε-dAde, H-ε-dGua, R/S-OH-PdGua, N2,3-ε-dGua, M1-dGua, N1-ε-dGua, and HNE-dGua. The presence of the above molecules can alter a cell’s antioxidant pool. With this in mind, the adiabatic ionisation potential (AIP) and vertical ionisation potential (VIP), as well as the spin and charge distributions, are discussed. For this purpose, DFT studies were performed at the M06-2x/6-31++G** level of theory in the aqueous phase (both non-equilibrated (NE) and equilibrated (EQ) solvent–solute interaction modes), together with a Hirshfeld charge and spin distribution analysis. The obtained results indicate that the AIPs of all the investigated molecules fell within a range of 5.72 and 5.98 eV, which is consistent with the reference value of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (OXOdGua), 5.78 eV. N2,3-ε-dGua and M1-dGua were the only exceptions, whose VIP and AIP were noted as higher. The electronic properties analysis of 2′-deoxynucleoside adducts with lipid peroxidation products reveals their potential influence on the cells’ antioxidant pool, whereby they can affect the communication process between proteins, lipids, and nucleotides.

Advances in Constructing Efficient Photocatalytic Systems for Hydrogen Peroxide Production: Insights from Synchrotron Radiation Research

Advances in Constructing Efficient Photocatalytic Systems for Hydrogen Peroxide Production: Insights from Synchrotron Radiation Research

Photochemical on-demand production of hydrogen peroxide in a modular flow reactor

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a green oxidant and potential energy carrier. Using iron oxide nanoparticles in a photo-flow reactor, an improved H2O2 production of >14× over batch conditions was obtained, achieving solutions of 0.02 wt% H2O2.

An efficient electrocatalytic in-situ hydrogen peroxide generation for ballast water treatment with oxygen groups.

The in-situ electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) offers a promising approach for ballast water treatment. However, further advancements are required to develop electrocatalysts capable of achieving efficient H2O2 generation in seawater environments. Herein, we synthesized two-dimensional lamellated porous carbon nanosheets enriched with oxygen functional groups, which exhibited exceptional performance in H2O2 electrosynthesis. The carbon nanosheet electrocatalysts demonstrated high selectivity for H2O2 production, reaching 90% at 0.33V vs. RHE under neutral conditions. Maximum yields were achieved at 2238mmol gcat-1h-1 at -0.5V in an H-type electrolysis cell and 3681mmol gcat-1h-1 at a current density of 150mAcm-2 in a flow cell, with Faraday efficiencies exceeding 70%. Notably, a continuous 9-hour electrosynthesis test produced a high cumulative H2O2 concentration of 1.2wt% at a current density of 100mAcm-2, highlighting the stability and scalability of carbon nanosheets. The outstanding performance of carbon nanosheets is attributed to the abundant basal plane C-O-C group, which provide optimal *OOH binding energy and minimal overpotential. Additionally, the in-situ generated H2O2 from the electrocatalytic system achieved complete sterilization within 60min against Escherichia coli and several marine bacterial strains isolated from seawater. Furthermore, treatment of real seawater with H2O2 significantly altered the bacterial population abundance at both the phylum and genus levels, highlighting its effectiveness in microbial control. This study presents a high-performance electrocatalytic system for ballast water treatment, offering both scalability and environmental sustainability.

Self-assembly SnO2/COF catalysts for improved electro-synthesis of hydrogen peroxide

Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via a two-electron pathway offers a sustainable route for on-site hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. However, achieving stable H2O2 production at industrial-scale current densities continues to...

Exosome Loaded in Microneedle Patch Ameliorates Renal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in a Mouse Model

Introduction: Renal dysfunction due to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common problem after kidney transplantation. In recent years, studies on animal models have shown that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC‐Exo) play an important role in treating acute kidney injury (AKI) and promoting tissue repair. The microneedle patch provides a noninvasive and targeted delivery system for exosomes. The purpose of this innovative approach is to combine MSC‐Exo with microneedle patches.Method: Exosomes were isolated from MSCs, characterized, and placed in the prepared microneedle patch. Then this construct was applied to the IRI mice model. After 7 days, the gene expression of miR‐34a and its targets B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (BCL‐2) and BCL‐2‐associated X (BAX), along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) production, was investigated. Additionally, renoprotection was evaluated for measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) and histopathology detection.Results: After using microneedle patches containing exosomes, the reduction of miR‐34a and BAX and enhancement of BCL‐2 were observed. Moreover, treatment by this construct decreased the production of ROS, LPO, BUN, and Cr and improved tissue damage.Conclusion: The use of a microneedle patch containing exosomes is a noninvasive method that enables the release of exosomes in a slow manner. In comparison to exosome injection alone, microneedle patch‐exosome treatment offers a longer and more targeted effect that improves renal IRI dysfunction and reduces tissue damage, potentially facilitating the clinical application of exosomes and improving graft survival.

Photo-Fenton degradation of oxytetracycline by g-C3N4/CQDs/FeOCl with in-situ hydrogen peroxide production: Degradation pathway and toxicity analysis of intermediate products

Heterogeneous photocatalytic Fenton technology, as an advanced oxidation process (AOPs), is considered a promising method for treating antibiotic wastewater. In the article, a heterogeneous photo-Fenton system g-C3N4/CQD/FeOCl with in-situ H2O2 production was constructed and used for photo-Fenton degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC). The successful preparation of Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst g-C3N4/CQDs/FeOCl was proved by a series of characterizations. The optimal degradation efficiency of OTC could reach as high as 96 %, basically achieving the effect of traditional Fenton reaction. Importantly, the degradation mechanism result demonstrated that •OH was the most active species for the degradation of OTC, and most of it were generated by the Fenton reaction within the constructed system. In addition, the main degradation pathways of OTC were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The three-dimensional fluorescence and toxicity analysis of the intermediate products showed that OTC was decomposed into intermediate products with smaller molecular weight, and the biological toxicity was reduced. This study provides new ideas for improving the application of Fenton reaction in wastewater treatment.

Al-based metal-organic framework for piezocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production: Efficiency, pathway, and mechanism

Al-based metal-organic framework for piezocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production: Efficiency, pathway, and mechanism

A hydrophilic o-phenanthroline-based covalent organic polymer with a reversible tautomeric structure for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production

A hydrophilic o-phenanthroline-based COP with a reversible imino–ketoenamine tautomeric structure exhibits enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 production performance in pure water.

One‐Step Synthesis of CdS/S‐Doped G‐C3N4 Composite Catalyst with Promoted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production Ability

AbstractH2O2 is recognized as one of the most significant chemicals, with the extensive applications across various fields. This study presents the in situ synthesis of CdS/S‐doped g‐C3N4 composite photocatalysts (CdS/CNS) via a simple one‐step thermal polymerization method by using thiourea and cadmium nitrate as precursors. The synthesized materials were characterized by using XRD, N2 adsorption, UV–vis, XPS, TEM, ESR, EIS, and PL analysis. Experimental results have indicated that the H2O2 production rate on CdS/CNS composite photocatalyst was 4.2 times higher than that of single CNS under visible light illumination, as well as the commendable catalytic stability. The formed photocatalytic system effectively reduced the recombination rate of photo‐generated electron‐hole pairs, promoted the response range of visible light, and enhanced the specific surface area of the catalyst. A preliminary discussion on potential reaction mechanisms was also provided.

The CuB site in particulate methane monooxygenase may be used to produce hydrogen peroxide

The CuB site in particulate methane monooxygenase may be used to produce hydrogen peroxide