Producer Cooperatives Research Articles

KINERJA UNIT USAHA KEDELAI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BALANCED SCORECARD

This study aims to determine the performance of the soybean business unit of the Indonesian Tempe and Tofu Producers Cooperative in Kuningan Regency using the balanced scorecard method. This research is a case study. The research informants were 3 administrators, 3 supervisors and managers, 8 employees, and 62 members of the Indonesian Tempe and Tofu Producers Cooperative, Kuningan Regency. The object of this research is the soybean business unit of the Indonesian Tempe and Tofu Producers Cooperative in Kuningan Regency which is analyzed using the Balanced Scorecard from a financial perspective, a customer or member perspective, an internal business perspective, and a learning and growth perspective. The results of the research on performance achievement in the soybean business unit of the Indonesian Tempe and Tofu Producers Cooperative in Kuningan Regency show that the financial perspective is in the negative criteria, the customer perspective has good criteria, the internal business perspective is in very good criteria, the learning and growth perspective is quite good.

Peranan Lembaga Penunjang Terhadap Pengembangan Agribisnis Stroberi Di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur

This study aims to determine the supporting institutions for strawberry agribusiness, and the role of supporting institutions in the development of strawberry agribusiness in Mooat Village and South Bongkudai Village, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research was conducted from May to August 2022. This research method uses a survey method. The research locations are all areas that grow strawberries. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from respondents, namely farmers and institutions that support the development of strawberry agribusiness, namely agribusiness supporting institutions. Secondary data was obtained from the government, sub-district office, mooat village office, and literature studies. The sampling method used is multistage random sampling. Data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results showed that agribusiness supporting institutions in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency included Bank BRI, Bank SulutGo, BNI, and BPR, Savings and Loans Cooperatives, Producers Cooperatives, Consumer Cooperatives, Service Cooperatives, Multi-Business Cooperatives. Research and Technology Institutions in the form of Agricultural Vocational Schools, and Universities. Fisheries and Forestry Extension Center (F2EC), Production Facilities Agency.

CHALLENGES AND MANAGERIAL STRATEGIES OF COFFEE COOPERATIVES FROM THE HUATUSCO REGION IN MEXICO: A LEADERS' PERSPECTIVE

Coffee cooperatives from the Huatusco region in Mexico have played an important role in helping coffee farmers in this region maintain economic viability in the midst of Mexico’s economic crisis and the international crisis of the coffee sector over time. While these types of organizations have played an important role, not all of these organizations have survived over time. Using information from interviews with leaders of five longeval coffee producer cooperatives in the Huatusco coffee region, this study tries to identify factors that could explain the longevity and long-term sustainability of these organizations. Additionally, using information from these interviews, we evaluate challenges that could put at risk the long-term sustainability of these associations and strategies to overcome these challenges from the cooperative’s leadership perspective. Findings from this study suggest the motivations behind the creation of these producer associations that goes beyond accessing government resources, an institutional structure where there is a democratic process behind the election of leaders, leadership positions have a definite term, and association strategies to increase member engagement could explain the longevity of these organization. Regarding challenges the cooperatives would be facing in the future, the aging population of growers is perceived by cooperative leaders as one of the major challenges they will be facing in the future. Increasing youth involvement in the cooperatives through training and educational activities was perceived by cooperative leaders as a strategy to overcome this challenge.

A Disparity of the Capital Structures of the Primary Milk Producers Cooperative Societies in Kovanur and Thalayatimandhu

The purpose of the overall research was to evaluate the capital structures of the Primary Milk Producers Cooperative Society in Kovanur, Peariyanaicken Palayam block, Coimbatore, and Thalayatimandhu, Nilgiris Block, The Nilgiris. Analyzing the differences in working characteristics and financial results between the two dynamic societies is one of the study's key goals. The acquisition and distribution of milk as well as related businesses are the study's primary areas of focus. Whether or not the key conclusions apply to the miners is debatable. Methods and sampling techniques, particularly purposive random, were used, and over the course of a decade, secondary sources of data from the society were obtained. Ratio analysis was used as one of the analysis tools. In addition to stating that research-based recommendations are generally highly significant and instructive to other similar academics, it is advantageous for experimenters to investigate topics that are similar to themes that are investigated in and surrounding districts.

Analisis Iklim Komunikasi Organisasi Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja Pengurus

The purpose of this study was to determine the organizational communication climate in the Margamulya Pangalengan Coffee Producers Cooperative (KPKMP) and to find out how the performance of the management of the Margamulya Pangalengan Coffee Producers Cooperative (KPKMP) was carried out by distributing questionnaires and interviewing members and administrators. The results showed that the Organizational Communication Climate in the Margamulya Pangalengan Coffee Producers Cooperative (KPKMP) was quite good, seen from two aspects of the nature of the organizational climate, namely supportive and defensive. The performance of the management at the Margamulya Pangalengan Coffee Producers Cooperative (KPKMP) is still quite good, which is caused by several factors such as the number of jobs, quality of work, level of punctuality, attendance and ability to cooperate.

Seed production and marketing experiences of producing cooperatives in Ethiopia

Seed producer cooperatives (SPCs) are important for improving the seed supply and thus contributing to increased access to seed. This paper assessed the seed production and marketing experiences of SPCs and factors affecting their performance in the northwest of Ethiopia. Data were collected from 117 members of the two SPCs and from ten local experts. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection procedures were employed. The study identified three ‘market outlets' for the seed produced by cooperative members, namely seed sold to external buyers through SPCs, sold in the local market as seed, and used as seed (planting material) by individual members for the next cropping season. A large volume of seed (88.3%) has been sold through SPCs to external buyers, indicating less side-selling by cooperative members. Basic seed shortage, high basic seed price, market fluctuation, limited engagement and influence of SPCs in the seed value chain, weak competitor orientation, and limited management capabilities are key factors that limit the seed production and marketing performance of the SPCs. This study contributes to the increasing body of literature on the key role of cooperatives in agricultural-based economic development. SPCs should be able to develop their adaptation strategy to withstand the influence of internal and external factors that affect their seed production and marketing activities.

Institutional Design and Cooperative Success: The Case of Producer Cooperatives

Institutional Design and Cooperative Success: The Case of Producer Cooperatives

Reviewing Worker and Producer Cooperative Contributions Toward SDG8 in Developing and Developed Economies

Reviewing Worker and Producer Cooperative Contributions Toward SDG8 in Developing and Developed Economies

Pathology of Rural Production Cooperatives – Evidence from Iran

Cooperative rural production companies are one of the most important types of cooperative system in Iran. Its activities have been started since 1963. It seems that this farming system hasn’t been able to become a source of positive developments to date. The present study seeks to assess the pathology of rural production cooperatives. The statistical population of this research is 55 rural cooperatives of Isfahan province with 21213 members that 41 cooperatives are active, with 16,870 members. The data collection method was documentary and survey. The required information for this research was collected by using a library method as well as interviewing method and completing the questionnaire. The sampling method was randomly classified according to the number of members of each cooperative based on sample size. According to the Cochran formula, 217 samples were determined and questionnaires were completed by the members. Also, 98 questionnaires were completed by the managers and board of cooperative production companies. The results showed that at least seven categories of damaged can be listed for these cooperatives, which are: adverse characteristics in cooperative members, adverse characteristics in cooperatives management, lack of communication, trust and participation of members with the management of cooperatives, low social activity of members in cooperatives, lack of effectiveness training for cooperative members, dissatisfaction with cooperative performance and lack of social capital.
 Received: 22 December 2021Accepted: 28 October 2022

Strategy development of Citarum watershed area through corporate coffee farmers in Bandung Regency, West Java

As an effort to conserve the upstream Citarum watershed area in Bandung Regency, as well as to increase people’s income, the Government develop coffee plantations. The main approach through the development of coffee plantation areas as a corporate identity. In addition, a Corporate of Coffee Farmers should be involvement in its member’s coffee farming largely. This study aims to: (1) identify the potential and opportunities for the development of a corporate of coffee farmers in watershed area and (2) develop recommendations for structuring the commodity supply chain based on the direction of business development. Data was collected through Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) on coffee farmers group at the Bukit Amanah Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH), and coffee farmers group of the Margamulya Coffee Producer Cooperative in Bandung Regency, West Java. The research was conducted during August – October 2020. The results show that the development of farmer corporation institutions must begin with efforts to optimize production and post-harvest by implementing upstream-downstream innovations, developing and strengthening farming financing institutions as well as processing and marketing institutions. The supply chain structuring strategy is directed at optimizing supply chain performance which is manifested in increasing efficiency, flexibility, quality, and responsiveness to changing consumer preferences.

Literasi Penerapan Pajak Penghasilan Badan Dan Perlakuan Akuntansi

One type of tax that contributes to tax revenues is income tax. KUD Sinar Jaya Producer Cooperative is one of the corporate taxpayers that is obliged to pay corporate income tax. However, in reality, the KUD Sinarjaya Producer Cooperative has not yet fulfilled its obligations to pay, deposit, and report corporate income tax. This is because there is still a lack of knowledge from the cooperative. The research method employed is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the literacy level of cooperative taxation, especially the corporate income tax of the KUD Sinarjaya Producer Cooperative, is included in the low category. The Sinarjaya KUD Producer Cooperative can calculate corporate income tax according to Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018 at a rate of 0.5%. The KUD Sinarjaya Producer Cooperative must deposit corporate income tax every month before the 15th of the following month. KUD Sinarjaya Producers Cooperative must report corporate income tax every month before the 20th of the following month.

Collaborative networking among agricultural production cooperatives in Iran

This research seeks to determine mechanisms in developing collaborative networking among agricultural production cooperatives in Iran. The research design was survey method and a network consisting of agricultural cooperatives has been defined as the core of the network. The statistical population of the study included managers of cooperatives which were administrated by the “Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare” and the “Rural Cooperative Organization” of the Alborz Province (N = 540). From this target population, 176 managers of cooperatives were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was developed to determine the technical, economical, educational, legal, social, and policy making mechanisms that presented the collaborative networking model. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in the field of Agricultural cooperative. To calculate the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, which is used for multi-scale questions, was used. The mean of Cronbach’s alpha coefficients in this study was 0.803. The results showed that policy making with a coefficient of 0.539, economic with a coefficient of 0.499, legal with a coefficient of 0.208, and educational mechanisms with a coefficient of 0.130 had the most impact, while technical and social mechanisms had no role in developing the collaborative networking.

Analisis strategi pengembangan pada koperasi produsen Andamel Mulyo Abadi Kota Batu

Cooperative is a business entity that is owned and managed by its members with the principle of mutual cooperation. With the principle of kinship, cooperatives have the potential to help the community's economy. Cooperative data in Batu City shows that there are only 20 producer cooperatives out of a total of 208 cooperatives. The purpose of this research is to analyze so that it can find the right strategy in the development of the Andamel Producer Cooperative in order to survive and be able to compete with other competitors such as home-scale producers who have more numbers. This research uses descriptive quantitative method with IE and QSPM matrix analysis tools. The data obtained in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data is obtained through interviews with informants, while secondary data is obtained from literature, journals, books, or other articles related to the topic of discussion. The results of the IE matrix show that the cooperative is in chart V where the point of a company is in the Hold and Maintenance position. Then, the results of the QSPM matrix found 3 alternative strategies that were prioritized, namely: 1. Maintaining product quality and standardization, 2. Empowering the younger generation to find innovations for cooperatives, 3. Innovation that focuses on customer service.

Examining perceived risk to bovine tuberculosis through factorial survey to inform policymaking for zoonotic diseases control and surveillance

Prevention and control of infectious diseases in livestock is dependent upon perceived risk and susceptibility, including the prevention of between-herd transmission of bovine tuberculosis through introductions of cattle to susceptible herds. To examine how perceived risk and susceptibility can help to inform policymaking in disease surveillance and control, we used factorial surveys to profile risk perceptions of cattle producers. We found that government indemnity and slaughtering policy did not impact the cattle purchasing behavior of producers who responded to our survey, but rather through other attributes such as the reliability or reputation of the seller. In addition, we identified significant production type and gender differences in purchasing behavior and risk perception. Finally, clustering analysis revealed a group of high-risk respondents characterized as experienced and very dedicated owners of established medium to large size herds. With the increasing availability of business data, assessment of producer’s behavior, personalities and attitudes allows policymakers to understand the needs of cattle producers and develop tailored programs that will improve producer cooperation with government agencies.

Agricultural Producers Cooperatives in the years 1918–2022 – selected legal issues

Firstly, this article aims to outline the development of cooperatives of agricultural producers from 1920 to 2022 and assess the factors that influenced it. Secondly, it seeks to determine whether and to what extent the legislation supported the development of agricultural cooperatives and consider potential directions of their development after 2022. The scope outlined for consideration is extensive; therefore, this article only addresses selected issues. The primary research method was the dogmatic analysis of normative texts. The arti­cle’s topic also references the historical method and statistical data. In summary, the author shows that, among other things, cooperatives in the interwar period after 1920 developed on many levels, particularly in terms of legislation, research and publication, and practice. If it had not been for the socialist period, many cooperatives of agricultural producers from the interwar period would still be operating. For several years, the Polish legisla­tor has been trying to revive cooperatives and encourage agricultural producers to establish them. Examples include the passing of the Act on farmers’ cooperatives and legal regulations concerning energy cooperatives.

Modelling of the number of almazaras by municipality in Andalusia

An almazara (oil mill) is an essential piece in the production of olive oil since it is the place where the olive is milled and the olive oil is obtained. They are usually linked to producer cooperatives. They are structures that require specialized machinery and that on multiple occasions are underutilised, given the presence of several of them at very close distances. In addition, they characterise the mainly olive grove municipalities and their study provides a valuable information of economic interest.
 From a statistical point of view, the “number of oil mills per municipality” is a count data variable that exhibits overdispersion. In this study, we focus on the oil mills found in municipalities of Andalusia. First, we make a descriptive study of the variable. Second, we model this data according to the most suitable probabilistic model. Finally, several generalized linear regression models based on different geographic and socioeconomic variables are proposed and the best one (using the Akaike information criterion) is selected.

Negotiating equal rights in everyday life: expectations and experiences of rural women

ABSTRACT This article presents insights from research conducted on the importance of socialist agriculture for rural women’s emancipation in the GDR. It is based on ethnographic data collected between 2016 and 2018, including interviews with members of former agricultural production cooperatives and archival research centring on the Oderbruch region (Brandenburg). The author analyses the realities of life and work for women in the socialist village between expectations, opportunities, and realities. The tension between media discourses on the ‘new’ socialist woman, institutional politics, social expectations and village communal practices is drawn out. Within this frame, this texts highlights the numerous ways in which rural women actively designed their relationship to broader transitions in the rural economy, such as the socialist land reform and collectivisation. It narrates how women embraced opportunities and met challenges to realise their own interests. The strategic management of social difference, gender expectations and policy resulted in support for the economic success of cooperative, at least since the 1970s. On the one hand, women's readiness to work in low-paid jobs that offered family compatible working hours and social security was used to improve the financial performance of the cooperative. On the other hand, specific instruments of gender policies were used to improve the economic performance of the cooperative. Women were installed as leading committee members and division managers – against the explicit wish of many male workers. The expertise of young academic females was strategically employed to incite a process of innovation within changing economic policies and demands.

Wykorzystanie Państwowego Funduszu Ziemi jako instrumentu legitymizacji władzy komunistycznej oraz środka legalizacji rewolucji społecznej

After the Red Army entered Poland in the summer of 1944, and the installation of a new system of power began, the communists were faced with a general social disapproval of the transformations they proposed. This was especially true of the peasants, who constituted the vast majority of Poland’s inhabitants at that time. They were afraid of introducing general collectivization of land and their forceful inclusion in the agricultural production cooperatives under strict state supervision. Meanwhile, gaining the support of at least some of the peasants seemed to remain an indispensable element in the takeover of power by the communists, who always presented themselves as representatives of the interests of economically disadvantaged social classes. An equally important intention of the authorities was to eliminate all influence of the gentry in the countryside because of their hostility to the new political order.
 The purpose of this article is to present the principal aspects concerning the use of the State Land Fund as an instrument for the justification of the communist government’s approach, as well as for legitimizing the social revolution in post-war Poland. Attempts were made to indicate the use of this institution to make profound transformations regarding the model of property relations in Polish agriculture, previously shaped over centuries. It was also pointed out that the above-mentioned approach was aimed at simultaneously destroying the landed gentry as an elite social class and winning the support for the communists from the peasants, who were given the land taken from the landowners. Thus, in the political reality of the time, the State Land Fund became one of the most important (and at the same time often underrated) instruments in constructing the system of totalitarian power in post-war Poland. The primary goal of the article is to show how the instrumental treatment of the legal solutions regulating the functioning of the fund was used in practice by the communist authorities acting on the Kremlin’s behalf. It seems that in the literature on the subject, there are still deficits in the search for the bases of legitimization imposed in Poland by external political and military factors of the communist government.
 The most important conclusions from this analysis include the negative economic effects in terms of perpetuating the defects of the agricultural system and the inability to deal with the indicated legacy of the totalitarian system within the contemporary political and socio-economic reality.

“Keep a sinking boat afloat”: Class contradictions in a nascent shrimp farmers' cooperative in South China

AbstractWhether producer cooperatives could serve as a stepping stone leading to socialism is a much debated issue in Marxian scholarship. It has now been recognized that producer cooperatives might possess paradoxical potentials of promoting egalitarian economy and democratic management whilst at the same time constructing class hierarchies. So far, agrarian scholars have already identified how pre‐existing social differentiation facilitated privileged members to exploit the marginal non‐members. However, they have not explored how members exercise their agency in challenging the class division. In summer 2013, at the height of China's cooperatization movement, I embarked on a project of “engaged anthropology” to mobilize shrimp farmers in South China to establish a cooperative so as to challenge agribusinesses that squeeze farmers' returns, but members ended up hiring outside labour. However, members tried hard to bridge the hierarchy between investors and workers as well as between managers and labourers in order to expand its membership and build the village's reputation. This paper traces how cooperative members deal with the dilemmas between profit maximization and egalitarian distribution, highlighting the importance of class analysis for a pro‐poor cooperative movement.

Training of Farmers’ Cooperatives, Value Perception and Members’ Willingness of Green Production

The issue of environmental pollution caused by traditional agricultural production operations is becoming increasingly serious. Farmers are the direct actors of production, and their willingness to green production deserves the greatest attention. Technical training conducted by farmers’ cooperatives worldwide in recent years appears to have changed farmers’ willingness to adopt green production technologies, but there is a lack of empirical testing of the impact mechanisms. Therefore, based on a sample of 1147 members of China’s citrus production cooperatives, we theoretically and empirically explored the impact of this; the mechanism of the effect was analyzed through the endogeneity treatment and robustness test of farmers’ value perception, as well as the instrumental variable method (IV-Oprobit). The results showed that farmers’ overall willingness to adopt green production technologies was low, and increasing the number of training sessions in farmers cooperatives could significantly enhance their willingness. Specifically, the probability of members being “very willing” to adopt technologies increased by 3.2% for each additional training session in cooperatives. Additionally, cooperative training can significantly improve members’ technology applicability and benefit–cost perceptions of green production technologies, thus enhancing their willingness to adopt; both types of value perceptions are important transmission mediators of this effect, and the mediation effects account for 5.98 and 14.53% of the total effect, respectively. Other than that, the results of the heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect of cooperative training on the willingness to adopt them was positively significant regardless of small-, medium- or large-scale members, with the most significant effect on small-scale farmers. This study provides a better understanding of the impact of technical training of cooperatives on farmers’ willingness, contributes to the enrichment of value perception theory, and provides a basis for formulating relevant policies to encourage cooperatives to perform their training function and promote green production in agriculture.