Applicability Of Process Research Articles

Practical Method for Designing Gas Conditions of Atomic Layer Deposition

In order to effectively develop the atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor and process, having huge potentials and applications in the advanced technology fields, a practical design method of the gas conditions for the ALD was studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The design method consisting of the following four steps was studied. 1) At a low gas pressure producing no gas recirculation, the maximum difference in the gas phase temperature from the sample stage temperature, ΔT, was obtained at various chamber wall temperatures. 2) The ΔT value was studied at various gas pressures producing the gas recirculation. 3) For determining the applicable process conditions, contour diagrams of the temperature uniformity were obtained utilizing the temperature uniformity equations consisting of various process parameters. 4) The relationships of the maximum gas residence time with the gas flow rate and the gas pressure were obtained. The process in this study is expected to be practical for designing the thermal and gas flow conditions for achieving a fast ALD.

Kinetic modeling of removal of aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum wastewaters by UiO-66-NH2/TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite

In this study, the UiO66-NH2/TiO2/ZnO (UTZ) nanocomposite was synthesized using the sol-gel method. The mean particle size of UTZ nanocomposite was about 33.63 nm. The present work investigates the applicability of a photocatalytic oxidation process for benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) degradation. The response surface modeling (RSM) was utilized to optimize important parameters, i.e. catalyst content (g/L), lamp power (W), initial contaminant concentrations and pH. The optimized values of these parameters involved UTZ concentration of 0.11 g/L, lamp power of 15 W, the initial pollutant concentration of 50 ppm and pH= 7. The BTX degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies were 90.03% and 85.16%, respectively, under optimal conditions. Ultimately, a new kinetic reaction rate model was developed in the form of Langmuir- Hinshelwood equation based on the intrinsic-element reactions in the form of−r=0.102I0.5[UTZ]0.5[BTX]/1+1.9298[BTX]0+1.6059I0.5[UTZ]0.5. The first-order kinetic constant determined by this model was 0.133 min-1. It was observed that the model for the photocatalysis reaction rate was well fitted with the experimental data at minimal mean absolute relative residual (14.18%).

Multi-level process mining methodology for exploring disease-specific care processes

BackgroundPublic healthcare is a complex domain with many actors and highly variable protocols, which makes traditional process mining tools less effective and calls for specialized methods. AimThe objective of the work was to develop a generally applicable process mining methodology to explore care processes related to diseases. MethodsThe proposed methodology called Process Mining Methodology for Exploring Disease-specific Care Processes (MEDCP) is based on a systematic, step-wise refinement of the raw event logs by using such a multi-level expert taxonomy of events that encapsulates the professional concepts of the analysis. A treatment process is defined according to domain-specific rules to identify the starting (index) and closing events. Concepts from various levels of the taxonomy support the final process definition for an analysis that can deliver meaningful conclusions for domain experts. ResultsThe applicability of the methodology was demonstrated on two case studies in the cardiological and oncological care domains, in the public health care system in Hungary over a period of ten years. Thanks to the multi-level taxonomy, these studies successfully identified the most important high-level event sequence patterns and some key anomalies in the national care system, such as the significantly different behavior of low-volume vs. high volume care providers in the oncology study or the geographically connected, homogeneous clusters of providers with similar care spectra in the cardiology study. DiscussionAs the case studies showed, the proposed methodology can improve the efficiency of standard process mining methods, and deliver high level conclusions that are easy to interpret by domain experts. System-level insight into health care processes can serve as a basis for the optimisation and long-term planning of the whole care system.

A novel approach for visualization, monitoring, and control techniques for Scrum metric planning using the analytic hierarchy process

AbstractAlthough Scrum is one of the most preferred agile development frameworks that guide the development process, measuring sprint productivity is still challenging. In fact, it is hard to provide a continuous measurement during consecutive Scrum sprints, especially selecting the optimal metrics that fit better for real industrial applications. To bridge this gap, we conducted an industrial case study within the TÜBİTAK SAGE software development group to demonstrate the performance and applicability of a systematic selection process for fitting add‐on components using various scrum metrics tools. Next, we analyzed the combination of software developers' preferences of process metrics concerning their characteristics and their defense industry compatibility. Consequently, we assessed the metrics that might likely integrate into the Scrum development using the analytic hierarchy process. The results indicated that the Actionable Agile Add‐on scored the highest, followed by the Screenful Add‐on. Ultimately, this contemporary study presented a novel approach that has increased individuals' participation in metric planning, implementation, and monitoring, therefore moving towards more achievable software development goals.

Towards an Efficient Generalization of the Online Dosage of Hydrogen Peroxide in Photo-Fenton Process to Treat Industrial Wastewater.

This work addresses the dosage of H2O2 in photo-Fenton processes and the monitoring of Dissolved oxygen (DO) that can be used to drive the dosage of H2O2. The objective of this work is to show that a smarter monitoring of a process variable such as DO (for which on-line measurement can be inexpensively obtained) enables the proposal and implementation of efficient dosage strategies. The work explores the application of a recent proposed strategy consisting of: (i) initial H2O2 addition, (ii) continuous H2O2 addition until a DO set up is reached, and (iii) automatic H2O2 addition by an on-off control system based on DO slope monitoring, and applies it to the treatment of different individual contaminants and their mixtures (paracetamol and sulfamethazine). The assays performed following this dosage strategy showed improved values of TOC removed per H2O2 consumed. For the case of sulfamethazine, this improvement increased up to 25–35% with respect to the efficiency obtained without dosage. Furthermore, a deeper analysis of the results allowed detecting and assessing the opportunity to redesign the dosage scheme and reduce its complexity and the number of control parameters. The promising results obtained are discussed in regard of future research into further increasing the simplicity and robustness of this generalized control strategy that improves the applicability of the photo-Fenton process by reducing its operating costs and increasing automation.

Knowledge Management Maturity Assessment at Balai Besar POM in Serang

Provincial Office of Indonesian Food and Drug Authority in Serang (BBPOM di Serang), its surveillance area in Banten Province, has cultivated knowledge sharing, including disseminating training results to implement Knowledge Management (KM). However, by evaluation in 2021, the number of knowledges shared in the KM portal is still low. These conditions need further investigation to identify their strengths and opportunities for improvement in implementing KM. This study aims to measure the Maturity of KM implementation at BBPOM di Serang. The methods used are quantitative measurement through surveys, qualitative through interviews, and desk studies. The survey was conducted using APO KM assessment tools to see the maturity gap of KM implementation. The surveys showed a score of 162.34 which means the application of KM is continuously evaluated and improved; the score is categorised as high because there are applicable business processes, namely the Implementation of Personnel Management, Management System, and Bureaucratic Reform. However, from the survey, interviews, and business processes examination, there are opportunities to improve the implementation of KM. Based on these opportunities, solutions are recommended to increase the Maturity of KM implementation.

Sustainable Approach of Architecture Through Green Building Construction

This study reflects some important errands about sustainable approach of architecture through green building construction. Most applicable process of architecture has been described in this study and its utility over the environment has also been discussed in a broad array. Renewable energy is the first and the foremost important viewpoint of this study and it is dependent on the initiative taken by individuals. Initiative taken by individuals is dependent on the quality of the thinking and the learning skills in this scenario. Moreover, new concepts of renewable energy along with the green energy have also intermingled with the topic of architecture. Sustainability of the development is the first and the foremost conclusive matter of this study. Efficiently using all of the resources can provide sustainability in this scenario Keyword : Renewable energy, sustainable architecture, green building construction, Green energy, Sustainable development

The Effect of Personality and Motivation on Employees Organizational Commitment in Managing the Environment

This study reflects some important errands about The Effect of Personality and Motivation on Employees Organizational Commitment in Managing the Environment . Most applicable process of architecture has been described in this study and its utility over the environment has also been discussed in a broad array. Renewable energy is the first and the foremost important viewpoint of this study and it is dependent on the initiative taken by individuals. Initiative taken by individuals is dependent on the quality of the thinking and the learning skills in this scenario. Moreover, new concepts of renewable energy along with the green energy have also intermingled with the topic of architecture. Sustainability of the development is the first and the foremost conclusive matter of this study. Efficiently using all of the resources can provide sustainability in this scenario Keyword : Renewable energy, sustainable architecture, green building construction, Green energy, Sustainable development

Copper-Catalyzed Direct Perfluoroalkylation of Heteroarenes.

An efficient and broadly applicable process is reported for the copper-catalyzed direct perfluoroalkylation of C-H bonds in heteroarenes with commercially available perfluoroalkyl iodides. This reaction is based on a simple combination of copper(I) iodide and 1,10-phenanthroline enabling the easy reduction of perfluoroalkyl iodides to the corresponding radical species that add to a wide range of heteroarenes including benzofurans, benzothiophenes, (aza)indoles, furans and pyrroles. High levels of regioselectivity were obtained in all cases and the efficiency and robustness of this process was highlighted by the direct perfluoroalkylation of furan-containing peptides.

Humic like substances extracted from oil mill wastes in photo-Fenton processes: Characterization, performance and toxicity assesment

Olive mill waste has been used as sourcing materials for the isolation of humic like substances (OMW-HLS) which have demonstrated its capacity to expand the range of applicability of photo-Fenton process to pH= 5. During the isolation process, membranes of three different pore sizes (300 kDa, 150 kDa and 50 kDa) were employed in order to obtain three batches of OMW-HLS. Four pollutants contained in 2013/39/EC were used as target substances: terbutryn (TBT), diclofenac (DCF), chlorfenvinphos (CVF) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Results showed that OMW-HLS was able to enhance photo-Fenton at pH = 5, but differences were not significant, either among fractions or with commercial humic substances. Reactions were scaled-up and driven under real sunlight and pollutants removal was faster in the presence of OMW-HLS. Toxicity was monitored according to bioassays based on different organisms or cell lines. Detoxification was observed with and without OMW-HLS, although higher toxicity was detected in the presence of humic acids, most probably due to the surfactant effect, that allows a better contact between pollutant and organism.

Effect of lyophilization and spray-drying on cytokine levels and antioxidant capacity in human milk

Human milk is important for modulating the newborn’s immune and antioxidant response. The applicability of lyophilization and spray-drying processes in human milk donated to human milk banks are alternatives for storage and distribution when breastfeeding is not possible. Therefore, the aim of this work was to detect and quantify cytokines (IFN-ɣ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17 A/F, IL-21, and IL-22) and to evaluate the antioxidant capacity in different phases of donated HM submitted to lyophilization and spray-drying processes. The HM donated in natura was submitted to pasteurization, lyophilization and spray-drying processes, then cytokine concentrations were measured using Luminex technology and antioxidant capacity of the superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes and reduced glutathione levels in vitro. Cytokine profiles, catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione profiles were preserved after processing of lyophilization and spray-drying in all phases of donated human milk.

An Integrated, Probabilistic Modeling Approach to Assess the Evolution of Barrier-Island Systems Over the Twenty-First Century

Barrier-island systems, spanning ∼7% of the world’s coastlines, are of great importance to society because not only they provide attractive, liveable space for coastal communities but also act as the first line of defense from coastal storms. As many of these unique coastal systems are affected by both oceanic and terrestrial processes, it is necessary to consider the holistic behavior of applicable terrestrial and coastal processes when investigating their evolution under plausible future scenarios for climate change, population growth and human activities. Such holistic assessments, also accounting for uncertainties, can readily be achieved via reduced-complexity modeling techniques, owing to their much faster simulation times compared to sophisticated process-based models. Here, we develop and demonstrate a novel probabilistic modeling framework to obtain stochastic projections of barrier-island evolution over the twenty-first century while accounting for relevant oceanic and terrestrial processes under climate change impacts and anthropogenic activities. The model is here demonstrated at the Chandeleur islands (Louisiana, United States) under the four Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) greenhouse gas emission scenarios (i.e., Representative Concentration Pathways 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) with results indicating that there are significant uncertainties in projected end-century barrier-island migration distance and available barrier freeboard under the high emission scenario RCP 8.5. The range of uncertainties in these projections underscores the value of stochastic projections in supporting the development of effective adaptation strategies for these fragile coastal systems.

Plasma-catalytic ethylene removal by a ZSM-5 washcoat honeycomb monolith impregnated with palladium

The effective removal of dilute ethylene in a novel honeycomb plasma reactor was investigated using a honeycomb catalyst (Pd/ZSM-5/monolith) sandwiched between two-perforated electrodes operating at ambient temperature. Herein, the dependence of catalyst performance on the binder fraction, catalyst preparation method, and catalyst loading was examined. Ethylene removal was carried out by a process comprising cycles of 30-min adsorption conjugated with 15-min plasma-catalytic oxidation. Interestingly, the performance of the cyclic process was superior to continuous plasma-catalytic oxidation and thermally activated catalyst in terms of energy conservation, i.e., ~36 compared to ~105 and ~300 J/L, respectively. Hence, the novel cyclic process can be considered advanced-oxidation technology that features room-temperature oxidation, offers low energy consumption, negligible hazardous by-products emissions such as NOx and O3. Moreover, the process operated under described conditions: low-pressure drop, ambient atmosphere, a mechanically stable system, and a simple reactor configuration, suggesting the practical applicability of this plasma process.

Investigation of Applicability of Additive Manufacturing Processes to Appropriate Technologies for Developing Countries

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) processes have emerged as an important manufacturing technology for a multi-item small sized production to lead the 4th industrial revolution. The layer-by-layer deposition characteristics of AM process can rapidly produce physical parts with three-dimensional geometry and desired functionality in a relatively low cost environment. The goal of this paper is to investigate the applicability of AM process to appropriate technologies for developing countries. Through the review of examples of appropriate technology of the AM process, the possibility of a practical usage of the AM process for the appropriate technologies is examined. In addition, significant applications of the AM process to the appropriate technology are introduced. Finally, future issues related to production of physical parts for developing countries using the AM process are discussed from the viewpoint of the appropriate technology.

Mechanistic insights into the potential applicability of a sulfate-based advanced oxidation process for the control of transparent exopolymer particles in membrane-based desalination

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs), often massively produced from algal blooms, are considered one of the most difficult foulants in membrane-based desalination processes and contribute significantly to membrane biofouling. This study explored the potential application of a UV-activated peroxymonosulfate (UV/PMS) system for the mineralization of TEP using alginate as a model. The effects of salinity in the form of chloride ions on the removal of organics were investigated, and the reaction mechanisms were postulated. In addition, the scavenging effect of the co-presence of cations and anions with chloride ions was examined. The results indicated that 100% TEP mineralization could be achieved in freshwater when a PMS concentration above 0.25 mM was added. However, the presence of chloride retarded the removal efficiency by approximately 25%, with more severe retardation observed in the presence of chloride with bromide. This was ascribed to the generation of less reactive and more selective halogen species. Furthermore, approximately 44% organic mineralization was observed when this system was applied to seawater, implying its feasibility as a pretreatment unit in membrane-based desalination.

Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Arylation of Alkynyl Cyclic Carbonates: Divergent Access to Substituted α‐Allenols and 1,3‐Butadienes

AbstractRh(I)‐catalyzed decarboxylative arylation of alkynyl cyclic carbonates using commercially available and low‐toxic aryl boronic acids has been disclosed. Depending on the nature of the cyclic carbonates, the methodology provides a straightforward platform to access either substituted 2,3‐allenols or 1,3‐butadiene derivatives. Internal alkynyl cyclic carbonates undergo monoarylation to conveniently afford 2,3‐allenols with high syn‐selectivity for the aryl and hydroxy groups. Whereas, terminal alkynyl carbonates led to the formation of diarylated 1,3‐butadiene derivatives having cis‐configuration for the two aryl groups via allenyl rhodium(I)alkoxide intermediate. The compatibility of various functional groups allowed to develop a library of diversely functionalized scaffolds with excellent regioselectivity in good yields. Late‐stage transformation of a series of natural products highlights the wide applicability of the arylation process. Additionally, scale‐up experiments and downstream transformations of α‐allenol derivatives into other valuable heterocycles illustrate the efficacy of the protocol.magnified image

Interfacial rheology of alkali pH-shifted myofibrillar protein at O/W interface and impact of Tween 20 displacement

In the current study, the interfacial rheological properties of alkali pH-shifted MP under pH 11.0 → 7.0, pH 11.5 → 7.0 and pH 12.0 → 7.0 have been firstly investigated. The molecular weight and microstructure of myofibrillar protein (MP) treated by alkali pH-shifting were investigated by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results indicated a swollen, organized and aggregated structure of refolded MP. Overall, the molecular change in refolded MP led to faster protein adsorption towards the O/W interface, enhanced intermolecular interaction between adsorbed proteins and improved elasticity of interfacial film compared to native MP. After β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) was added, the advantage of refolded MP in diffusion phase no more existed due to the disruption of aggregation and decreased molecular size, besides the penetration and rearrangement were interfered because the disruption of disulfide bond inhibited the formation of interfacial protein layers. With the protein concentration increasing, MP molecules crowding at O/W (oil in water) surface limited the development of a highly elastic network. As revealed by Tween 20 displacement, MP layers with higher interfacial elasticity were more resistant to displacement. Moreover, after displacement the coalescence stability of emulsion droplet was enhanced but the mechanical strength of interfacial MP layer was reduced. Altogether MP (0.04 or 0.2 mg/mL) treated by pH 11.0 → 7.0 exhibited the best adsorption performance and interfacial properties, which were important in stablizing emulsions. Thus, interfacial behavior regulation by alkali pH-shifting may be a applicable process for developing meat protein-based emulsions in food industry.

A calculation method for workpiece profile variation during double-sided lapping by considering workpiece elastic deformation

A calculation method for workpiece profile variation during double-sided lapping was developed in this study. In this method, shell element in FEM deformation was used to formulate elastic deformation of workpiece, and spring element was used to formulate the contact between workpiece and platens to calculate distribution of their contact pressure considering workpiece elastic deformation. First, the developed method of the contact pressure distribution was evaluated by comparing with a method using a FEM software and the existing methods, and was confirmed to be quite valuable in terms of applicable process and calculation time. Subsequently, the workpiece profile variation was calculated using the developed method for several workpiece conditions, and it was clarified that the uneven workpiece thickness can be modified by the process, but it is difficult to modify the bow shape when the workpiece is not small. Furthermore, the decrease of the load applied to the workpiece was suggested to modify the bow shape of the workpiece.

HABCSm: A Hamming Based t-way Strategy based on Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony for Variable Strength Test Sets Generation

Search-based software engineering that involves the deployment of meta-heuristics in applicable software processes has been gaining wide attention. Recently, researchers have been advocating the adoption of meta-heuristic algorithms for t-way testing strategies (where t points the interaction strength among parameters). Although helpful, no single meta-heuristic based t-way strategy can claim dominance over its counterparts. For this reason, the hybridization of meta-heuristic algorithms can help to ascertain the search capabilities of each by compensating for the limitations of one algorithm with the strength of others. Consequently, a new meta-heuristic based t-way strategy called Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony (HABCSm) strategy, based on merging the advantages of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm with the advantages of a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. HABCSm is the first t-way strategy to adopt Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony (HABC) algorithm with Hamming distance as its core method for generating a final test set and the first to adopt the Hamming distance as the final selection criterion for enhancing the exploration of new solutions. The experimental results demonstrate that HABCSm provides superior competitive performance over its counterparts. Therefore, this finding contributes to the field of software testing by minimizing the number of test cases required for test execution.

STAGE MODELS USED İN THE STAGİNG OF THEATER PLAYS,DECOR AND STAGE DESİGNS

Stage design is the design of decor, costumes, accessories, lights, effects and all other audio-visual environments for the enactment of a theatrical play on the stage. Stage design is the general name of the design of all counted areas. This art branch, which started in the Middle Ages in accordance with today's understanding as stage painting and stage decoration in the West, lived its brightest and most glorious period in the 19th century. The stage mechanics created by applying it to scenes that could be created in the 20th century, by inserting the visual illusion on purpose, cause the audience to see these false worlds with surprising and astonished glances. Stage decoration is a branch of art that incorporates all branches of plastic art, especially painting and architecture, but its function is to create spaces that will provide the necessary action on the stage, in accordance with the drama text written by the author. However, today, it continues to function with a new structuring like other developing and changing art branches. Now the stage designer must have a very good art background as well as being a good İnterior Architect. Their current and social cultural background, which is sensitive to the problems of the country and world societies he lives in, is an important factor in the emergence of a good stage design. It is no longer a stage decoration that is suitable for the dramatic text and it’s visually is in the foreground, but a stage design enriched and meaningful with the artistic interpretation of the artist and the expression of his feelings. In this article, the applicability of the interior architecture process and stage design process in the field of theater plays has been tried to be revealed.