Processing Subsectors Research Articles

Volume as a Mediating in the Effect of Costs on Net Profit

This research aims to determine the effect of promotional costs and production costs on net profit, with sales volume as a mediating variable. The data source uses secondary data with a quantitative research method. The sample was taken using purposive sampling techniques based on specific criteria, resulting in the annual financial reports of 13 companies in the food processing subsector for the period of 2020-2022. The data analysis method was conducted using path analysis models, with testing carried out through panel data regression, correlation analysis, determination coefficient analysis, hypothesis testing using t-tests and F-tests, and the bootstrap method. The analysis results show that both promotion costs and production costs have a low correlation with net profit, while the contribution of promotion costs, production costs, and sales volume to net profit is very strong when considered together. In the relationship between promotion costs and net profit, sales volume mediates the indirect relationship; whereas in the relationship between production costs and net profit, there is no mediation

PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL DAN KEBIJAKAN HUTANG TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Konsumsi Sub-Sektor Pengolahan Makanan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2021

The definition of Corporate Social Responsibility can be seen in Law number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (UUPT) article 1 paragraph 3 states that social and environmental responsibility is the company's commitment to participate in sustainable economic development in order to improve the quality of life and a beneficial environment, both for the company itself, the local community and society in general. CSR emerged as a result of the modernization of society which already understands that activities carried out by companies can have a negative impact on the environment. Moreover, this is very close to the activities carried out by manufacturing companies because manufacturing companies are the companies that interact the most with the public. Factors that influence CSR disclosure in this research are managerial ownership and debt policy. This type of research uses quantitative research using secondary data in the form of company annual reports taken from the non-cyclical consumer sector, food processing subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017 to 2021. The sampling method uses purposive sampling. From the research results, it is proven that managerial ownership does not influence CSR disclosure and conversely debt policy influences CSR disclosure. Meanwhile, simultaneously, managerial ownership together with debt policy influence CSR disclosure.

We get affected too: Women's occupational safety and health hazards in the fish processing subsector in Tanzania demystified

While there have been numerous studies in the occupational safety and health hazards (OSHHs’) domain in the heavy and beleaguered manufacturing industries, where men are quantitatively dominant, the same level of attention has not been accorded to lighter and small-medium enterprises such as the fish processing subsector, where most women sell their labour-power. This apathy is the failure to acknowledge the existence of numerous OSHHs and their gendered-differentiated effects in such spaces. This paper demonstrates how women got affected in less considered environments, particularly the fish processing subsector. The findings used in this paper were obtained from the study conducted in the five fish processing plants (FPPs) in Tanzania, which involved 157 respondents. Questionnaires, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and observations were used to collect data. Findings revealed that women in the FPPs were confronted with various OSHHs emanating from the physical, environmental, mental, psychological, and cultural domains that significantly affected their health in the short and long run. Thus, a gender-based analysis in studying, recommending, and addressing OSHHs is highly recommended.

Analisis penerapan akuntansi manajemen lingkungan pada perusahaan sub sektor kayu dan pengolahannya di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dan kesesuaiannya dengan Standard Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

Poor company environmental management requires an Environmental Management Accounting system as environmental control which is used to identify, assess, measure and present waste management costs from operational activities. This research aims to find out whether the application of environmental management accounting in the reporting of manufacturing companies in the wood and processing sub-sector is in accordance with global reporting initiative standards. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach, so it can be seen whether the environmental management accounting system and sustainability reports of manufacturing companies in the wood and processing sub-sector have been presented properly and correctly. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that 4 companies in the wood sub-sector manufacturing and processing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) are in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standard and only one company provides an internal failure environmental cost report.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF PROFIT IN THE WOOD SUB-SECTOR AND ITS PROCESSING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

This study aims to analyze the effect of likuidity, profitability, leverage, firm size and Investment Opportunity Set on earnings quality. The sampling technique was carried out using saturated sampling. The samples in this study are 4 companies in the wood and processing sub-sector that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2021. The data in this study were processed using the SPSS application with multiple linear regression analysis methods. The hypothesis testing method uses a significance level of 5% or 0.05. The results showed that 1) the likuidity variable has an effect on earnings quality. 2) the profitability variable has no effect on earnings quality, 3) the leverage variable has an effect on earnings quality, 4) the firm size variable has an effect on earnings quality, and 5) the investment opportunity variable has an effect on earnings quality.6) the result silmultan has an effect earning quality

The politics of policy failure in Ghana: The case of oil palm

The paper argues that political economy factors have hindered the development of the oil palm value chain in Ghana, which has consistently underperformed despite significant policy support and the sector's strategic importance to the national economy. These factors include political instability between the mid-1960s and early 1980s, as well as the emergence of a competitive clientelist political settlement since the country's return to constitutional rule. Drawing on key informant interviews and documentary sources, the paper demonstrates that policies over the past two decades have failed to address the peculiar nature of the value chain, which is bifurcated into a smallholder/artisanal sub-sector and an estate/industrial processing sub-sector. Since the 1990s, one aspect of policy failure in the sector has been the ‘paradox of good intentions’ that arises from the simultaneous pursuit of economic transformation and inclusive development in a political context described by some scholars as 'strong democracy, weak state'. The logic of electoral competition shortens politicians’ time horizons, predisposing them to prioritise highly visible distributive policies (like input subsidies) over structural reforms (like land tenure issues or solving market frictions). Consequently, despite almost two centuries of continuous policy support, the sector’s productivity remains at the same level it would have been if it had been left to operate without any state assistance.

Antecedents of graduates’ competence in the agro-food processing technical and vocational training system of Ethiopia as perceived by graduates and their trainers

The purpose of this study was to scrutinize the interdependence among training quality, graduate demographic characteristics, and graduate competence and employability in the agro-food processing sub-sector of the TVET system in Ethiopia. To that effect, the commitment and competence of graduates and trainers, the quantitative and qualitative aspects of resource supplies, training and assessment practices including industry involvement or cooperative training, and the relationships with and influence of the human and material resources on graduate competence were examined. The descriptive survey design of the quantitative approach that involved 637 participants was employed. Data analyses through descriptive and inferential statistics revealed that colleges were challenged with trainer skill gaps, poor material resource supply, and poor cooperative training. It was also found that the human inputs (trainer competence, trainer commitment, and trainee characteristics) significantly predicted the core competence of graduates whereas material resources had a very weak predictive power. In addition, an inverse relationship between employment status and all forms of graduates’ competence was found. Accordingly, it is plausible to conclude that poor institutional capacity that denied to pay necessary attention for the input and process of the training delivery has obstructed the competence of graduates.

Effect of paddy drying methods on the performance of rice mills in Bangladesh

Major rice mills of Bangladesh are gradually running out from the paddy processing subsector, a serious concern for national food security. This study investigated the paddy drying methods of 22 rice mills to device a sustainable solution for major rice mills. Weather dependency and high sun drying time (48–96 hours) of paddy are responsible for low capacity utilization of major rice mills. Despite of high demand, appropriate dryer size for major rice mills was still unexplored. Present capacity utilization of major rice mills (27.6%) can be optimized to 72.5% with a 12 ton dryer. Analyzing drying mechanism of recirculating dryers, the study also proposed for a single dryer for both parboiled and aromatic paddy rather than following existing practice. This will make mechanical dryer affordable to major rice mill owners and new investors in this subsector.

Characteristics of Zambia's agricultural sector and the role for agricultural policy: Insights from CGE modelling

The Zambian economy does not follow the standard structural transformation pattern because agriculture's declining share in GDP corresponds to an increase in the share of services and not manufacturing. This paper establishes the relevance of capital as well as transaction costs in structural transformation using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. It is found that reducing transaction costs plays a significant role in aiding structural transformation through increases in value-added for all agricultural processing activities in the economy. When capital stock is increased in addition to the transaction cost decreases, the effects are enhanced. This highlights the importance of complementing production policies with market policies to achieve optimal development results. In the combined simulation labour moved out of agriculture to industry with the quantity of labour employed increasing relatively more for the agricultural processing subsector. The paper also confirms a well-known finding that agricultural led economic growth is poverty-reducing.

Does Inventory Management Improve Profitability? Empirical Evidence from Polish Manufacturing Industries

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between inventory management and industrial processing companies' financial performance. In analyzing these relationships, the study took account of total inventories (INV) and their components, i.e., materials and raw materials (RMI), intermediates and work-in-progress (WIP), finished products (FGI), and commodities (GI). Approach/Methodology/Design: Descriptive statistics and dynamic panel regression were used in analyzing the causative links between the efficiency of inventory management and profitability. The analysis was carried out on a 2013–2019 database for the Polish industrial processing sector, taking into account the size classes of enterprises. Findings: The article proves the existence of statistically significant relationships between the efficiency of total inventories and inventory components (except for finished products), on one side, and business profitability, on the other. The estimated panel regression parameters showed that the days in inventory ratios for intermediates and work-in-progress (WIPC) and raw and other materials (RMI) have the strongest correlation with profitability. Increasing the inventory days for these components had the strongest and negative impact on the return on total assets in the population surveyed and in enterprise size classes identified in this study. Practical implications: The study provides evidence for financial benefits derived from inventory performance. Also, it indicates which inventory components have the greatest impact on financial results. Originality/value: The article extends knowledge on causative links between the management of inventories and inventory components and enterprises' financial performance. It also analyzes the results of inventory management by industrial processing sub-sector and by enterprise size. The results confirm that it is advisable to adjust the volume and mix of inventories because rational inventory management practices are also a factor that empowers industrial company owners to add more value.

Influence of innovation in strategy implementation on organizational performance

This study sought to assess whether innovation in the strategy implementation process contributed to sustained business performance with a specific focus of Unga Holdings Limited. It utilized the descriptive research design and targeted a population of 260 managerial and supervisory employees at Unga Holdings Ltd. A sample of 78 respondents (69 supervisory and 9 managerial staff) was selected using the stratified random sampling method. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from supervisory employees while interview guides were used to collect qualitative data from the managerial employees. Findings revealed that there is a high level of organizational performance at Unga Holdings Ltd. rated at 84.6%. Findings also showed that innovation in strategy implementation (r2= .434, ?= .637, p=.000) has a positive and statistically significant influence on organizational performance. The study recommends that manufacturing organizations particularly those in the food processing sub-sector should develop technologies and methods for supporting the strategy implementation process.

The economic contribution of the world's forest sector

This study estimated economic contribution of the global forest sector to national economies by calculating value added, employment, and labor income. Input-output models were developed for 58 countries using 2011 IMPLAN model and data to estimate the direct, indirect, and induced effects of the major forest subsectors. The jobs generated in domestic sectors by the forest sector through backward linkage exceeded the number of direct jobs in the forest sector itself. Total indirect and induced value added generated in other sectors by the forest sector also exceed the direct value added produced in the forest sector. Comparison of economic multipliers showed that the ripple effects varied by forest subsector and the wood-based processing subsectors generally had relative higher multiplier effects than the forestry and logging subsector. An econometric model was developed to estimate economic multipliers for 111 countries without IMPLAN data and the economic contribution of the forest sectors to their national economies was estimated based on the derived multipliers and national statistics on industry output. The global forest sector collectively directly employed more than 18.21 million people and supported more than 45.15 million jobs through direct, indirect and induced impacts. The global forest sector had a direct contribution of more than $539 billion and a total contribution of more than $1298 billion to the world GDP.

Return on Investment (ROI) of Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises (MSEs) in Tanzania: The Fruit and Vegetable Processors

This paper focuses on the financial performance in terms of returns on investment of Small-Scale enterprises in Tanzania, and fruits and vegetables processing sub-sector in particular. The agriculture sector is multifunctional in nature, and contributes to economic development and food security. However, the smallholder food processing enterprises in Tanzania do not access well the opportunities created by market, thus outstanding returns of their business is less likely. In that regard, this paper presents analyses of Micro and Small scale Enterprises (MSEs) fruit and vegetable processors, specifically on returns from their investments. The sample enterprises were collected during field work carried out in Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Coast and Tanga regions of Tanzania. The cross-sectional and panel data were gathered from 140 MSEs of four respective regions. This study employs Return on Investment (ROI) tool is to assess MSE’s investment return levels in each study location. The ROI ratio of enterprise provides picture of its financial performance. The results show a less returns on investment of study enterprises, i.e. on average an investment of TZS 1 yields TZS 0.16 cents as gain and TZS 0.84 cent loss. The main factors associated to MSEs’ returns are balance of production of processed products depending on avalilabilityof markert; number of MSEs doing more or less same kind of business ‘competition’ at speceficic location;; access to basic market information; business improvement services; access to supportive bodies; and manager-owners’ general education level and experience in business activities. Further, for study MSEs the forecasted return on investment results promises gain to become four hundred more per TZS 1, on average. That is if their manager-owners invest profits collectively in each study location. Thus, this paper mainly proposes to merge MSEs and form cooperatives. Generally, the paper makes two major contributions. First, it gives empirical evidences regarding return on investment of fruit and vegetables processing MSEs in Tanzania. Second, it constructs a basic step in understanding how small-scale fruit and vegetables processors are organised and can be transformed to bring significant impact on their business, in turn on Tanzanian economy as a whole.

Global Meat Market

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the global meat sector and examines significant food processing sub-sectors that are a major contributor to the global economy. Structural changes in global meat production, consumption and trade are analysed using recent Food and Agriculture Organisation statistical databases, in terms of geographic concentration or relocation of production or markets and temporal changes across major geographical regions. The findings indicate significant recent shifts in production, consumption and trade of different kinds of meat. While developing markets still focus on red meat, the developed markets are moving faster towards white meat due to increasing health and environmental concerns among consumers in recent years. The implications of such trends for South Asia are examined, too, and call for further research.

INDUSTRIALISASI PERIKANAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH DI JAWA TIMUR

Disparity of development, poverty and unemployment is one of the main problems of East Java Province. On the other hand East Java province has great potential fishery. This study aims to analyze the role of the fisheries sub-sector in the regional economy of East Java province, knowing the factors that influence the fisheries development and arrange the fisheries development strategy in East Java province. Processing data using descriptive analysis, input-output (IO) and multiple linear regression. Fish processing subsector provide the largest multipliers of employment, output and value added among fisheries subsector. Inland fisheries subsector provide the largest of total linkages between fishery subsector, whereas the marine fisheries subsector have the largest of output value among the fishery subsector. Labor and maritime affairs and fisheries budget have a positive influence on the development of fisheries. Fisheries development strategy should be carried out simultaneously between marine, inland and fisheries processing. Fisheries industrialization strategy is expected to increase the value added of fisheries and reduce the disparity of development, poverty and unemployment.

Dampak sektor industri pengolahan terhadap perekonomian Provinsi Jambi (Pendekatan Input Output)

This study aims to analyze: 1) the role and relevance of the processing industry sector in the economic structure of Jambi Province; 2) the impact of the processing industry on output, labor absorption and income in Jambi Province; 3) the processing sub-sector which is the leading sector in Jambi Province. The main data used is the Jambi Province Input-Output Table in 2007. Data analysis included linkage and dissemination analysis, multiplier analysis and standardization and analysis of the determination of priority sectors through ranking each sector. The results of the study found: 1) the processing industry sector in Jambi Province had an important role to play in the structure of demand and supply, public consumption, investment, exports and imports, gross value added and sectoral output structures. The manufacturing industry sector also has strong links to other sectors; 2) based on the analysis of output multiplier, income multiplier, labor multiplier, in type I the processing industry is ranked second, while in type II the processing industry is ranked third; 3) the processing sub-sector which is the leading sector in Jambi Province is the other goods industry sub-sector, the textile, leather and footwear sub-sector and the beverage industry subsector.

The role of state- business relations in the performance of Zambia’s food processing sub-sector

Abstract In ensuring growth and development collaborative State-Business relations (SBRs) matters, and with economic growth comes increasing levels of employment, options for poverty reduction and hence more equitable development. Whereas it is known that SBR matters at a macro-economic level, the concept of SBR has also been employed in a more or less all-encompassing way in the literature. Accordingly, while it is clear that SBRs work, there is lack knowledge about which dimensions of SBRs are the most important. Due to the continued importance of agriculture in many developing countries, processing of the food produced in the sector is a key manufacturing activity of high economic importance to many economies. Ensuring collaborative SBRs in the food processing industry is therefore of interest to growth and development, particularly as it is a sector about which little is known about the role of SBRs. The paper attempts to examine how and why SBRs matter to and influence the growth and performance of local owned firms in the food processing sub-sector in Zambia. In particular, the paper analyses the roles and influence of government regulations and policies compared to those of business associations for the performance of the food processing sector in Zambia. The paper draws on primary data from a survey of firms in the food processing sector which was conducted between 2013 and 2014. It is shown that while the majority of the Zambian food processing firms experienced growth over the last five years, with increased employment and in a number of cases growing earnings, this seems to have happened in spite of a business environment which is not particularly supportive. The firms’ experience is that the SBRs mainly constitute institutional barriers to the performance of firms and highlight that formal government institutions and polices are incapable of assisting the firms and in most cases government institutions formulate and enact insufficient support schemes.

A General Equilibrium Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in the People’s Republic of China

This paper examines the potential long-term impacts of global climate change on agricultural production and trade in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Using an economy-wide, global computable general equilibrium model, this paper simulates the scenarios of global agricultural productivity change induced by climate change up to 2080. The results suggest that with the anticipated decline in agriculture share of gross domestic product, the impact of climate change on the PRC’s macro economy will be moderate. The food processing subsectors are predicted to bear the brunt of losses from the agricultural productivity changes caused by climate change. Production of some crop sectors (such as wheat), in contrast, is likely to expand due to increased demand from other regions of the world.

Vertical coordination in the US pork industry: Status, motivations, and expectations

In addition to horizontal consolidation at the input, production, and processing subsectors, the US pork industry is becoming more vertically aligned. The largest hog producers and pork processors were surveyed regarding their involvement in vertical coordination arrangements and their plans for future involvement in such programs. Motivation for entering these vertical agreements was examined as was the rate of adoption. Structural and regional implications of these results for the pork industry are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.