Processing Procedures Research Articles

الإنسان وبيئة الوسيط الرقمي: تأثير مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي على طرق تفكير وتعبير الإنسان

This paper seeks, using the interpretive philosophical approach, to look into the issue of the impact of digital media on human life and ways of thinking and expression. This paper aims to analyze this issue interpretatively and link it to historical transformations in the field of media ecology in order to adopt a forward-looking view instead of a numerical analysis of the available information. The issue, as this paper sees it, lacks the philosophical dimension to discuss the characteristics of social media and link changes that these social media have brought on humans with changes that humans have brought on various concepts such as culture, thought, and society. This paper concluded that social media are a different revolution in communication media. It changed the procedures of the communication process, bringing the margin groups into the position of the elites and returning the elites to a position that is close to the position of the margin groups. The margins have become the agent that determines the ways of building new social relationships and carries out the process of transforming from traditional relationships to digital relationships. Thus, concepts change and are shaped by a different perception (the margin group). By carefully reading the characteristics of three social media (Twitter, Facebook, and WhatsApp), three common characteristics and features emerged that shaped and influenced their users: openness, permanence and continuity, and changing concepts.

Effect of sorghum bran addition on antioxidant activities, sensory properties, and in vitro starch digestibility of Chinese southern-style steamed bread.

Chinese steamed bread (CSB) is one of the most important staple foods in China and is also popular in South-East Asia. Developing functional CSB could improve people's resistance to inflammatory and non inflammatory diseases. This work investigated the effect of sorghum bran addition on antioxidant activities, sensory properties, and in vitro starch digestibility of Chinese southern-style steamed bread (CSSB). In this study, the enhanced CSSB with 0-200 g kg-1 of fine black and tannin (sumac) sorghum bran addition was developed. A small change in phenol content and antioxidant activity was observed at various stages in the processing procedure before steaming. Moreover, a high retention of antioxidant phenolics CSSB with sorghum bran addition was observed. Sorghum bran addition significantly increased the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of CSSB by 4.5-10 times, on average, relative to control. Sorghum bran addition significantly also increased the content of resistant starch, and significantly decreased in vitro starch digestibility in CSSB; these effects were likely due to the joint inhibitory effect of tannins and ferulic acid on starch digestibility. Interestingly, the sorghum bran breads scored higher or similar to control in sensory color preference and overall appearance, but lower on most textural and mouthfeel attributes. Sorghum bran addition significantly increased the antioxidant activity of CSSB and significantly decreased starch digestibility. Moreover, the color and appearance properties were maintained or improved. However, the sensorial textural attributes were negatively impacted by the sorghum bran substitutions. Strategies to improve the texture of bran-fortified breads would likely enhance their consumer acceptability. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Collaborative disposal of exhaust gas and waste wind turbine blades: Mechanical properties of recycled glass fibres and economic analysis

The accumulation of waste wind turbine blades poses significant environmental challenges. Pyrolysis offers an industrially viable solution for both disposal and the recycling of valuable glass fibers from these blades. Exhaust gas from industrials with waste heat can be utilized to reduce the process cost. However, for mixed atmosphere of exhaust gas containing both CO2 and O2, its influence on resin matrix decomposition characteristics and fiber mechanical properties are currently unclear. This work provided a solution collaborated with exhaust gas to disposal of waste wind turbine blades, in which operating parameters (atmosphere composition and process procedure) were optimized. Results showed that the early invention at pyrolysis with low concentration of O2 in exhaust gas played a major role in facilitating the formation of surface protection. Atmosphere during oxidation of pyrolytic residual carbon was crucial in maintaining fiber strength. At this stage, the interaction between CO2 (especially at 15% concentration) and O2 could mitigating fiber degradation through promoting the re-oxidization of Si dangling bonds and reducing water corrosion. However, stepwise processing of pyrolysis first and then oxidation under exhaust gas with O2 containing was not recommended due to its little cost-effectiveness. The single step disposal of wind turbine blades collaborated with coal-fired flue gas could increase the strength of recycled glass fiber by over 50% and reduced process costs by 34%.

Printed circuit board and printed circuit board assembly methods for testing and visual inspection: a review

Testing and visual inspection of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) are important procedures in the manufacturing process of electronic modules and devices related to locating and identifying possible defects and failures. Earlier defects detection leads to decreasing expenses, time and used resources to produce high quality electronics. In this paper an exploration and analysis about the current research regarding methods for PCB and PCBA testing, techniques for defects detection and vusial inspection is performed. The impact of machine and deep learning for testing and visual inspection procedures is also investigated. The used methodology comprises bibliometric approach and content analysis of papers, indexed in scientific database Scopus, considering the queries: “PCB and testing” and “PCB and testing”, “printed circuit board assembly and testing” and “PCBA and testing”, “PCB defect detection” and “PCBA defect detection”, “PCB and visual inspection”, and “PCBA and visual inspection”. The findings are presented in the form of a framework, which summarizes the contemporary landscape of methods for PCBs and PCBAs testing and visual inspection.

Solid‐State Processing of Nascent Disentangled UHMWPE Reactor Powders Mixed with Carbon Nanoparticles

AbstractAspects of solid‐state processing of nascent disentangled ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powders of different syntheses mixed with electrically conductive carbon nanoparticles (NPs) of various types are studied. Effect of multiple parameters of the processing procedures on the electrophysical characteristics of the composite samples is investigated. Such parameters include time of preliminary ultrasonication (US) of NPs, time of US of UHMWPE/NPs mixtures, molding time, temperature, and pressure, deformation degree, etc. It is observed that by selecting optimal values of such parameters it is possible to obtain samples of composites with an extremely segregated structure made of the NPs, with NPs distributed evenly on the surfaces of the compacted UHMWPE powder particles. This ensures high levels of conductivity at very low values of NPs content. The segregated structure is retained when the composites are strengthened using the solid‐state uniaxial shear deformation process. While conductivity of most of the composites filled with various types of NPs monotonously decreases with the deformation ratio, conductivity of the composites filled with exceptionally long double‐walled carbon nanotubes is maintained. The processed oriented composites are also characterized by high EMR shielding properties, as well as interesting temperature dependencies of the electrical conductivity.

Japan's nuclear water disaster on international law

With the development of human science and technology, the ecological environment is also destroyed. One particularly big source of contamination recently is the release of contaminated water from Japan's nuclear reactors. The nuclear waste generated in the operation of nuclear facilities and reactors is radioactive and inevitably causes environmental pollution. If there are mistakes in the operation process and operation procedures, it will lead to nuclear accidents, cause huge environmental disasters, damage human health and cause difficult to estimate property losses. After the cabinet meeting, the Japanese government announced that it will start to discharge contaminated water from the reactors of the Fukushima nuclear power plant from the 24th. According to this idea, the Fukushima nuclear power plant will continue to discharge contaminated water for at least the next 30 years. According to this incident, many media and experts are judging the consequences of this incident and what to do in the future. So, how should we deal with and view this incident? So the first thing to look at is how this is regulated or violated in international law. In the future, more international solutions and actions will be needed to maintain world peace and health.

Investigations on the processing of ceramic materials using Fused Filament Fabrication

This paper represents the current status of the investigation into the processing of ceramic components, using Fused Filament Fabrication (“FFF”). The process chain, beginning from the additive manufacturing (“AM”), through the post processing, the debinding and sintering procedure, to the finished part is described. The examined materials are silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon carbide (SSiC), prepared by the company SiCeram/Qsil. Furthermore, comprehensive investigations on the materials are done, both in the green and in the sintered state. In addition, sources of occurring problems and defects in the process chain are pointed out and possible solutions are shown. Finally, the current status of investigations, regarding to the transfer into the industry, is discussed.

Isolation and identification of marine microalgae from Egyptian coasts as potential source of biodiesel: morphology and sequence-based screening

ABSTRACT Microalgae are a highly effective and renewable source of biodiesel that can be used as a substitute for petro-diesel in the global fuel market. In the present study, 14 water samples were collected from a variety of locations along the coastal areas of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt. These water samples, which contained microalgae, were subjected to enrichment process and standard procedures to obtain pure cultures. Based on morphological features, 27 microalgae isolates representing 12 different species were identified, with Chlorella species being the most dominant. Based on 18s rRNA gene sequencing, nine new native microalgae strains were identified, comprising four strains belonging to Chlorella species, two strains to Chlamydomonas, and one strain each of Phormidium, Nostoc, and Microcytosis species that could be appropriate for producing biodiesel. This information could be used to improve the knowledge on the composition of planktonic microalgal communities of Egypt and the target native species for biodiesel production.

Identification Tools of Microplastics from Surface Water Integrating Digital Image Processing and Statistical Techniques.

The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the potential of digital image analysis as a tool to identify microplastic (MP) particles in surface waters and to facilitate their characterisation in terms of 2D and 3D morphology. Digital image analysis preceded by microscopic analysis was used for an exhaustive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of MPs isolated from the Vistula River. Using image processing procedures, 2D and 3D shape descriptors were determined. Principal Component Analysis was used to interpret the relationships between the parameters studied, characterising MP particle geometry, type and colour. This multivariate analysis of the data allowed three or four main factors to be extracted, explaining approximately 90% of the variation in the data characterising MP morphology. It was found that the first principal component for granules, flakes and films was largely represented by strongly correlated with 2D shape descriptors (area, perimeter, equivalent area diameter) and 3D shape descriptors (Corey Shape Factor, Compactness, Dimensionality). Considering the scraps, principal component PC1 was represented by only five of the above descriptors, and the Compactness variable had the largest contribution to principal component PC2. In addition, for granules, flakes and films, a relationship between 2D shape and the colour of their particles could be observed. For the most numerous MP group identified of multicoloured scraps, no such association was found. The results of our study can be used for further multivariate analysis regarding the presence of microplastic floating on the river surface, with a particular focus on particles of secondary origin. This is of key importance for optimising future efforts in conducting small-scale and multidimensional monitoring of and reducing plastics in the aquatic environment.

АNIMAL AND VEGETAL WASTE GENERATED BY EU MEMBER STATES IN THE PERIOD 2016 – 2020

Waste generation poses a significant challenge in today’s world, prompting ongoing efforts to find effective solutions. While different countries have made varying progress in addressing this issue, environmental protection and the enhancement of food product quality remain key drivers. Notably, the agricultural sector enjoys an advantage: a relatively small proportion of its waste is hazardous. In fact, most of the waste generated is both safe and recyclable. Proper management of processing procedures is crucial to unlock its potential for widespread utilization across diverse economic activities and in various forms. This study aims to track the trends and compare agricultural waste generation in Bulgaria with that of the other EU Member States. It spans the years 2016, 2018, and 2020, analysing waste data by type for each year. Using available Eurostat data, the authors have made their own calculations. The findings underscore the importance of addressing waste management promptly, emphasizing the need to limit and minimize waste generation within the European Union during the specified period.

Carbon Dots: A Review with Focus on Sustainability.

Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials with attractive optical properties, which promise to enable a variety of applications. An important and timely question is whether CDs can become a functional and sustainable alternative to incumbent optical nanomaterials, notably inorganic quantum dots. Herein, the current CD literature is comprehensively reviewed as regards to their synthesis and function, with a focus on sustainability aspects. The study quantifies why it is attractive that CDs can be synthesized with biomass as the sole starting material and be free from toxic and precious metals and critical raw materials. It further describes and analyzes employed pretreatment, chemical-conversion, purification, and processing procedures, and highlights current issues with the usage of solvents, the energy and material efficiency, and the safety and waste management. It is specially shown that many reported synthesis and processing methods are concerningly wasteful with the utilization of non-sustainable solvents and energy. It is finally recommended that future studies should explicitly consider and discuss the environmental influence of the selected starting material, solvents, and generated byproducts, and that quantitative information on the required amounts of solvents, consumables, and energy should be provided to enable an evaluation of the presented methods in an upscaled sustainability context.

Penerapan Prosedur Vouching dan Konfirmasi Dalam Audit Investigatif Atas Akun Beban Gaji (Studi Kasus Pada PT X)

Investigative audit can be interpreted as a process carried out by an independent party to prove the presence or absence of fraud. Seeing these conditions, the investigative auditor must carry out audit procedures effectively and efficiently in order to obtain conclusions regarding how fraud can occur. It is undeniable that various forms of fraud can occur in every company, one of which is fraud in the employee payroll system. Furthermore, PT X is a manufacturing company and one of the clients of KAP Y which requires investigative audit services to detect fraud in the payment of salaries for casual employees. The purpose of this research is to analyze the application of vouching and confirmation procedures in the investigative audit process of the salary expense account at PT X. The writing of this article uses a qualitative approach based on case studies. Secondary data for this research was obtained through interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by preparing questions and recording the results of interviews for further analysis. The author also organizes the information obtained to get a conclusion. The results of this study prove that vouching and confirmation procedures are able to detect fraud in the investigative audit process. In this case, it has been found that there is a difference between the amount of funds spent by the company for salary payments and the amount of funds received by daily casual employees.

Analysis of Carton Packaging Quality Control Using Statistical Quality Control Methods at PT XYZ

This research focuses on analyzing the quality control of cardboard box packaging at PT XYZ using the Seven Tools method. The main problem faced by the company is the high level of defects in the cardboard box products produced, which has a negative impact on production efficiency and customer satisfaction. The aim of this research is to analyze the main causes of defects in cardboard box products and provide suggestions for improvements that can be implemented by companies. The method used in this research is Statistical Quality Control (SQC) which involves the use of Seven Tools, namely check sheets, Pareto charts, fishbone diagrams and control charts. Using these tools, data regarding defects is collected, analyzed, and interpreted to identify the main causal factors of quality problems. The analysis results show that certain factors, such as the quality of raw materials, production processes, and operator skills, have a significant contribution to the occurrence of defects. Based on these findings, this research proposes several improvements that can be implemented by PT XYZ to improve the quality of their cardboard box products. Proposed improvements include increasing control over the quality of raw materials, skills training for operators, and implementing stricter standard operational procedures in the production process. By implementing this proposed improvement, it is hoped that PT XYZ can reduce the level of defects in their products, increase production efficiency, and increase customer satisfaction.

An image processing approach for fatigue crack identification in cellulose acetate replicas

The cellulose acetate replication technique is an important method for studying material fatigue. However, extracting accurate information from pictures of cellulose replicas poses challenges because of distortions and numerous artifacts. This paper presents an image processing procedure for effective fatigue crack identification in plastic replicas. The approach employs thresholding, adaptive Gaussian thresholding, and Otsu binarization to convert gray-scale images into binary ones, enhancing crack visibility. Morphological operations refine object shapes, and Connected Components Analysis facilitates crack identification. Despite limited data, the handcrafted feature extraction algorithm proves robust, addressing challenges. The algorithm shows efficacy in detecting cracks as small as 30 μm, even in the presence of cellulose replication artifacts. The results highlight ability to capture significant cracks’ orientation, length, and growth stages, essential for understanding fatigue mechanisms. Analysis of results, especially evaluation metrics encompassing false positives and false negatives, provides a comprehensive understanding of the algorithm’s strengths and limitations. The proposed tool is available on GitHub.

Implementation and optimization of SpMV algorithm based on SW26010P many-core processor and stored in BCSR format

The irregular distribution of non-zero elements of large-scale sparse matrix leads to low data access efficiency caused by the unique architecture of the Sunway many-core processor, which brings great challenges to the efficient implementation of sparse matrix–vector multiplication (SpMV) computing by SW26010P many-core processor. To address this problem, a study of SpMV optimization strategies is carried out based on the SW26010P many-core processor. Firstly, we design a memorized data storage transformation strategy to transform the matrix in CSR storage format into BCSR (Block Compressed Sparse Row) storage. Secondly, the dynamic task scheduling method is introduced to the algorithm to realize the load balance between slave cores. Thirdly, the LDM memory is refined and designed, and the slave core dual cache strategy is optimized to further improve the performance. Finally, we selected a large number of representative sparse matrices from the Matrix Market for testing. The results show that the scheme has obviously speedup the processing procedure of sparse matrices with various sizes and sizes, and the master–slave speedup ratio can reach up to 38 times. The optimization method used in this paper has implications for other complex applications of the SW26010P many-core processor.

Establishing a bone bank within a hospital setting in India: early insights from a tertiary care center in Northern India-a review article.

When addressing bone defects resulting from trauma, infection, or tumors, the use of allogenic bone is often necessary. While autografts are considered the standard, they have limitations and can lead to donor site morbidity. Consequently, there has been exploration into the feasibility of utilizing allogenic bone and bone graft replacements. Allogenic bone transplants are acquired from donors following rigorous procurement, sterile processing, and donor screening procedures. To ensure the safe storage and effective utilization of allograft material, a bone banking system is employed. Establishing and managing an orthopedic bone bank, entails navigating complex legal and medical organizational aspects. This paper examines the establishment and operation of bone banks in India, drawing upon our first-hand experience in managing one at a tertiary care center in Northern India.Level of evidence: Level IV.

Empirical Study on Real Estate Mass Appraisal Based on Dynamic Neural Networks

Real estate mass appraisal is increasingly gaining popularity as a critical issue, reflecting its growing importance and widespread adoption in economic spheres. And data-driven machine learning methods have made new contributions to enhancing the accuracy and intelligence level of mass appraisal. This study employs python web scraping technology to collect raw data on second-hand house transactions spanning from January 2015 to June 2023 in China. Through a series of data processing procedures, including feature indicator acquisition, the removal of irrelevant sample cases, feature indicator quantification, the handling of missing and outlier values, and normalization, a dataset suitable for direct use by mass appraisal models is constructed. A dynamic neural network model composed of three cascaded sub-models is designed, and the optimal parameter combination for model training is identified using grid searching. The appraisal results demonstrate the reliability of the dynamic neural network model proposed in this study, which is applicable to real estate mass appraisal. A comparison with the common methods indicates that the proposed model exhibits a superior performance in real estate mass appraisal.

Integrating energy simulations and analytical hierarchy process procedure in multi-criteria evaluation of heating systems for industrial buildings

Industrial buildings in Italy are generally aged and widely outdated from an architectural, technological, and environmental perspective. Despite the current limitations affecting both envelope and system installations, enhancement strategies are not frequently debated in the literature or addressed recurring to not adequately comprehensive approaches. This research examines space heating options for integrated retrofit interventions of manufacturing facilities using a novel methodology that combines multi-criteria decision analysis based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with building energy simulations. Interviews with representatives from medium-sized companies in Tuscany provide insights into the exigencies of industrial buildings, while on-site surveys identify common features of industrial buildings in the region leading to the identification of a representative case study building. This facility is examined producing several energy models to account for the different heating system alternatives to be evaluated according to criteria including economic, environmental, comfort, space, and reliability. Both qualitative judgments and quantitative outputs from energy simulations are considered to rank the technological alternatives encompassed in the analysis. In addition, sensitivity analyses are carried out to highlight the impact of boundary conditions on optimal configuration selection. Economic considerations weigh heavily for industrial owners, often outweighing environmental concerns due to higher initial investment requirements for low-impact solutions. Consequently, gas boiler generators and hot-water fan heaters emerge as preferred options for their flexibility, low initial cost, and ease of installation.

Analysis of Electric Breakup Characteristics of Emulsion Droplets Based on Dissipative Particle Dynamics Method

Crude oil desalination and dehydration are necessary for storage, transportation, and processing procedures. However, the behaviour of fine emulsion droplets under an electric field has always been questioned. This paper modified the dissipative particle dynamics method (DPD) to study the deformation process of fine emulsion droplets under a high-strength electric field. Compared with the literature data, the reliability of the DPD method is confirmed. The influence of the crude oil properties and the electric field characteristics on the behaviour of the emulsion droplet was analysed, and the effect factors included electric field intensity, electric field frequency, emulsion droplet size, centre distance ratio, conservative force intensity, dissipative strength, and crude oil density. The relationship between critical electric field intensity and emulsion droplet deformation was formulated based on the simulational dates.

Critical Drop Height Prediction of Loquat Fruit Based on Some Engineering Properties with Machine Learning Approach

The lowest height at which a product can fall without suffering severe harm is known as the “critical drop height” for agricultural products. It is a crucial factor to take into account for crops like loquats that are prone to bruising or damage upon impact. By establishing the minimum altitude at which the product can be dropped without experiencing substantial harm, suitable processing procedures may be established from harvest to the end consumer, thereby preserving product quality and worth. The critical drop height can be ascertained through swift, affordable, non-destructive, and non-traditional methods, rather than time-consuming and expensive laboratory trials. In the study, we aimed to estimate the critical drop height for loquat fruit using machine learning methods. Three different machine learning methods with different operating principles were applied. R2, MAE, RMSE, and MAPE metrics were used to assess the models. There were no obvious differences in both the comparisons within the models, namely the training and test results and the mutual comparisons of the models. However, with a slight difference, the SVMs model performed better in the training data set, and the ETs model performed better in the test data set. Plots were drawn to visualize model performances, and the results obtained from the plots and metrics support each other.