Process In Order Research Articles

Standards for resolving electoral disputes: concepts and their genesis

Elections are the cornerstone of any democratic society. They represent the voice of the people and the legitimacy of those in power. It should be noted that ensuring democratic stability and maintaining the integrity of the democratic process directly depends on the standards of electoral dispute resolution, and thus the attention paid to this institution is quite obvious and justified. We believe that from the very beginning of democracy, there were also mechanisms to protect and guarantee it. Therefore, in order to analyse the approaches to the concept of standards in electoral dispute resolution, it is necessary to study their understanding and application in the judicial process, in particular. We believe that from the very beginning of democracy, there were also mechanisms for its protection and guarantee of electoral rights. What is the essence of the concept of «standards for electoral dispute resolution» and is it really necessary? When answering the above questions, we should keep in mind the conflict potential of the electoral institution caused by the thirst for power. In turn, we note that it is the implementation of international standards in the resolution of electoral disputes that will guarantee the proper resolution of such disputes. However, in order to talk about the concept of international standards of electoral dispute resolution, it is necessary to understand the essence of this legal phenomenon. International standards for electoral dispute resolution should be understood as a set of norms adopted in international law and ratified into national legislation under the guise of democratic principles, legal or regulatory acts that promote proper regulation of social relations before, during and after the electoral process in order to ensure citizens’ free, real and fair active and passive suffrage.
 In order to ensure the normal functioning of the electoral system as a whole and to resolve such disputes, standards for their resolution should be developed, improved and unified, but this is already the next topic of our research.

Evaluation of Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Bisphenol-A and Phthalates on Earthworm and Nitrifying Bacteria from Soil Collected in Waste Management Landfill, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Additives such as bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalates are added to plastics during production processes in order to improve their properties. Since they are not covalently bound but simply mixed with the plastic polymer. They disperse easily in the environment, especially when plastic products are degraded into microplatics. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate bioaccumulation and toxicity of bisphenol-A and phthalates on earthworm (Apporrectoda ionga) and nitrifying bacteria from soil collected in Waste management landfill, Kaduna Sate, Nigeria using standard techniques. Data obtained shows that Bisphenol A, Diethytlphalate, Dimethylphthalate and Diethylhexylphalate were detected in the plastic enriched compositing soil while only bisphenol A was detected in the control soil sample. The physico-chemical analysis of the composted soil and the control had electrical conductivity 254.00, 61.00us/cm, chloride 66.15, 16.00mg/kg, potassium 171.5, 4.25mg/kg, nickel 1.00, 0.25mg/kg, Iron 17.40, 3.11mg/kg, Zinc 2.90, 0.67mg/kg, moisture 5.32, 7.21% total organic carbon 5.26, 0.71% and total nitrogen 0.52, 0.07% respectively. The bacteriological analysis for composted soil and control soil growth ranging from 4.0 x 103+0.12 to 3.5x103+104cfu/g and 3.2x103+0.4 to 2.8x103+0.10 respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the bacteria counts from the control soil sample. The toxicity analysis revealed higher percentage utilization of nitrite with LC50 values of 25.04, 23.93, 15.9 and 13.39 and higher bacteria inhibition with EC50 values of 52.00, 81.72, 111.31 and 123.13. The results suggest that autotrophic transformation by nitrifying bacteria which enhances soil fertility may be hindered in an ecosystem polluted with these plasticizers as nitrification process will reduced. Percentage survival rate of earth worms decreased with increase in plastic concentration (75.47-20.93%).

Investigation of ice wedge bearing capacity based on an anisotropic beam analogy

Ships and offshore structures operating in ice-covered waters need to be able to break ice. The hulls of ships and offshore structures are often designed to be inclined so that an out-of-plane force can be incurred to initiate flexural failure. During this process, an in-plane force co-exists as the result of the hull inclination, which can affect the bending process and alter the magnitude of interaction force. Additionally, the loading process can be rapid and incur dynamic effect within the ice sheet, resulting in higher peak loads compared to the scenario of quasi-static loading. The effect of in-plane force and loading speed, however, are often neglected in the modelling of the icebreaking process in order to enable simplified solutions of analytical form, which leads to deviations in the estimation of ice loads. This paper aims to investigate the effects of in-plane force and loading speed on the ice bearing capacity during the icebreaking process. This is conducted via the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with the Cohesive Element Method (CEM). An anisotropic beam analogy concept is proposed to model a 3D ice wedge with a 2D beam which has varying properties along the axial direction. The analogy enables fast and stable simulation of ice crack propagation through its thickness direction, while maintaining properties of the ice wedge in 3D. The analogy is verified with Nevel's closed-form solution for a narrow wedge resting on an elastic foundation. After that, the beam is loaded with a rigid wall with different inclination angles and loading speeds. The results reveal that the in-plane force and loading speed have significant influence on the icebreaking process, resulting in different bearing capacity and overall energy consumption. Based on the numerical results, a regression study is conducted to derive a correction coefficient accounting for the joint effect of in-plane force and loading speed on the bearing capacity, which can be incorporated into ice-structure interaction simulation models.

Deceptive Patch Solutions for Protecting Industrial Control Systems Based on Discovered Vulnerabilities

An increase has been observed in concerns about cyber security threats in smart energy management on a global scale. Industrial Control Systems, or simply ICSs, are frequently present in industries and essential infrastructures, e.g., water treatment facilities, nuclear and thermal plants, heavy industries, power production, and distribution systems. ICS devices are high-risk targets for attacks and exploitation with significant security difficulties for ICS vendors and asset owners. Like many consumer electronics, industrial systems are susceptible to a bevy of vulnerabilities that hackers can exploit to launch cyber attacks. Extensive use of ICSs in Critical Infrastructures (CI) increases the vulnerability of CI to cyber attacks and makes their protection a critical subject. This study first contributes to a novel line of research considering how deception can be used by defenders in strategic terms with the objective of introducing uncertainty into an adversary’s perception of a system patch management process in order to protect ICSs. Thus, we mention the advantages of patch models to improve the vulnerabilities of ICSs. We explore deceptive patch management models for the purpose of providing better insight into developing future cyber security techniques for ICS attacks. We propose deceptive patch management solutions as case studies for common ICS attacks.

Osteopathic status of children doing karate

Introduction. Regular exercise requires the child′s body to function optimally and be resistant to constant high loads. The state of health of karateka athletes is monitored by sports medicine doctors with the establishment of a diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which, as a rule, indicates already existing organic changes. Intense physical activity in childhood against the background of the child′s continued growth can lead to the development of preclinical (prepathological) conditions that are not reflected in the ICD. Understanding the specifics of functional changes occurring in the body of a child professionally engaged in karate will serve as the basis for the competent construction of the training process in order to prevent the depletion of the adaptive reserve of the child′s body.The aim of the study was to assess the osteopathic status of child athletes engaged in traditional karate, depending on the level of training of the athletes.Materials and methods. The cross-sectional cohort study, conducted in the period from November 2021 to March 2023 on the basis of the Karatenomichi Sports Club «Team Ryauzov» (Severodvinsk), included 92 children born in 2010–2012 engaged in traditional karate, of various levels of training. All athletes underwent a unified osteopathic examination with the formation of an osteopathic conclusion.Results. Somatic dysfunctions of the pelvic region were identified as dominant in children who had been engaged in karate for a long time, which, in all likelihood, was associated with regular stereotyped sports load (specifics of kicking and methods of movement), in contrast to children who were at the initial stage of karate training, for whom dominant somatic dysfunctions of the thoracic region were significantly more characteristic (p=0,03).Conclusion. Functional changes that occur in the body of a child professionally engaged in karate have specifics associated with the duration of the training process.

Mutual Balancing in State-Object Components for Compositional Zero-Shot Learning

Compositional Zero-Shot Learning (CZSL) aims to recognize unseen compositions from seen states and objects. The disparity between the manually labeled semantic information and its actual visual features causes a significant imbalance of visual deviation in the distribution of various object classes and state classes, which is ignored by existing methods. To ameliorate these issues, we consider the CZSL task as an unbalanced multi-label classification task and propose a novel method called MUtual balancing in STate-object components (MUST) for CZSL, which provides a balancing inductive bias for the model. In particular, we split the classification of the composition classes into two consecutive processes to analyze the entanglement of the two components to get additional knowledge in advance, which reflects the degree of visual deviation between the two components. We use the knowledge gained to modify the model’s training process in order to generate more distinct class borders for classes with significant visual deviations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art on MIT-States, UT-Zappos, and C-GQA when combined with the basic CZSL frameworks, and it can improve various CZSL frameworks. Our code is available at https://github.com/LanchJL/MUST.

THE EFFORTS TO IMPROVE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE THROUGH PARTICIPATIVE BUDGETING AND BUDGETARY CONTROL

This study examines how participative budgeting and budget control can improve a company's financial and managerial performance. The research method used is quantitative confirmation with a variance-based approach. Questionnaires were distributed online to respondents involved in the budgeting process in order to collect data and facilitate their objective perception of the variables under study. There were 67 respondents who filled out the questionnaire completely and processed it validly. The data's validity and reliability are confirmed by meeting the necessary criteria for processing, including the loading factor, average variance extracted, composite reliability, and discriminant validity with a heterotrait-monotrait ratio. The study results have shown that adequate budget control and involvement of related parties in making budgets will increase discipline and a good understanding of budgets for managers so that they can significantly improve the company's managerial and financial performance.

Effect of addition of yeasts and enzymes during fermentation on physicochemical quality of fine aroma cocoa beans

Theobroma cacao is a recognized crop worldwide within the market for raw materials or processed products. Cocoa beans quality, industrial transformation and health benefits have been widely studied, but there are few studies on the fermentation process and even less on Ecuadorian cacao. In Latin America, this crop plays a very important role from an ecological and social viewpoint. Production is usually carried out by local farmers who also perform the natural fermentation of the beans, without specific management, which represents a challenge in terms of reliability and batch-to-batch homogeneity. This drawback can be effectively addressed by controlling the fermentation conditions. In addition, certain enzymes have the potential to improve the fermentation process. The aim of this work was to study the effect of using yeasts and/or enzymes during fermentation on the physicochemical quality characteristics of cocoa beans. Two trials were carried out, the first used yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), with and without molasses, and the second used enzymes (Polyphenoloxidase and Pectintranseliminase). During the fermentation process there was not external temperature control, although cocoa beans mass temperature was assessed. After the assay, the cutting test and physicochemical variables (percentage of testa, testa and cotyledon pH, moisture, ash, acidity, protein and fat contents) were evaluated. The yeasts trial stood out as the most favorable option, showing better fermentation in the cutting test, a slight increase in protein content and lower moisture. The inclusion of enzymes in the trials resulted in higher fermentation temperatures and fat content of the beans, but the samples showed lower fermentation percentage, higher moisture and mold presence, as enzymes make it difficult to completely dry the samples. It can be concluded that the addition of yeasts and/or enzymes influences fermentation and could improve the process in order to obtain high quality cocoa beans.

Multi-Stage Prompting for Next Best Agent Recommendations in Adaptive Workflows

Traditional business processes such as loan processing, order processing, or procurement have a series of steps that are pre-defined at design and executed by enterprise systems. Recent advancements in new-age businesses, however, focus on having adaptive and ad-hoc processes by stitching together a set of functions or steps enabled through autonomous agents. Further, to enable business users to execute a flexible set of steps, there have been works on providing a conversational interface to interact and execute automation. Often, it is necessary to guide the user through the set of possible steps in the process (or workflow). Existing work on recommending the next agent to run relies on historical data. However, with changing workflows and new automation constantly getting added, it is important to provide recommendations without historical data. Additionally, hand-crafted recommendation rules do not scale. The adaptive workflow being a combination of structured and unstructured information, makes it harder to mine. Hence, in this work, we leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to combine process knowledge with the meta-data of agents to discover NBAs specifically at cold-start. We propose a multi-stage approach that uses existing process knowledge and agent meta-data information to prompt LLM and recommend meaningful next best agent (NBA) based on user utterances.

Giving a voice to our silent teachers: Whole body donation from the donor perspective at one donation program in the United States.

Human body donors play a crucial role in anatomical education, research, and clinical skills training, and those interested in anatomical donation may bequeath their bodies to body donation programs (BDPs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perspective of body donors on the donation process in order to make recommendations for improvement that align with donor values. A survey was administered via email to 2145 individuals that had enrolled in The Ohio State University's BDP and yielded a 40% response rate. Results showed that a majority of registered donors do not place high importance on detailed consent options during the enrollment process, but do value BDP oversight, such as through the use of an oversight committee to supervise the program. Only 9.1% of donors felt that their loved ones should be permitted to make changes to their consent forms after they have passed. Although 96.2% of participants would allow photos/videos to be taken of their donated bodies, females were significantly less likely to consent to this than males (p = 0.001), as well as less likely to allow their donations to be utilized for anatomy outreach (p = 0.023). Racial minorities were significantly less trusting of the university to treat their donation with dignity and respect compared to White registrants (p = 0.034). Suggestions for improving BDP protocols include the implementation of an annual newsletter for registrants, improving methods to spread awareness about donation, increasing transparency during the consent process, and creating resources for donors' families.

Study of potato variety numbers in the breeding process in the northern regions of Russia

In the conditions of the Arkhangelsk region in the nurseries of the breeding process the study of potato hybrids was carried out and the varieties with high yield, resistance to pathogens and various environmental factors were selected. In 2019, 759 hybrid samples of 9 populations were received from the breeding department of the All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming by A.G.Lorh with further study and selection of the best of them in the nurseries of the breeding process: hybrids of the 1st and 2nd year, preliminary and main trials of the 1st year. As a result of research and complex evaluation in the nursery of the main trial of the 1st year in the first dynamic digging (60 days after planting) in the group "medium early" hybrid 2553/1 stood out on the total and marketable yield exceeding the standard variety Kholmogorsky by 2.4 times, in the main harvest – only by 11%. In the group "medium early" in the main harvesting hybrid 2553/4 stood out exceeding the standard variety Elizaveta on the total yield by 7.4 t / ha, on marketable – by 3.2 t / ha. High total and marketable potato yields in the main harvest were obtained in sample 2462/3 (44.3 and 42.5 t/ha, respectively). Observations of potato plants during vegetation periods showed that no clone was affected by rhizoctoniose, microsporiosis and viral diseases. High resistance to late blight of potato hybrids in the first observation period and decrease of its resistance to the end of the vegetation period, before removal of haulm, was also revealed. This is probably due to low air temperature and significant precipitation during this period. Selection samples that showed high productivity and resistance to major diseases will be studied in further breeding process in order to create new varieties for cultivation in the conditions of northern regions of Russia.

Electrophysiological correlates of symbolic numerical order processing.

Determining if a sequence of numbers is ordered or not is one of the fundamental aspects of numerical processing linked to concurrent and future arithmetic skills. While some studies have explored the neural underpinnings of order processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging, our understanding of electrophysiological correlates is comparatively limited. To address this gap, we used a three-item symbolic numerical order verification task (with Arabic numerals from 1 to 9) to study event-related potentials (ERPs) in 73 adult participants in an exploratory approach. We presented three-item sequences and manipulated their order (ordered vs. unordered) as well as their inter-item numerical distance (one vs. two). Participants had to determine if a presented sequence was ordered or not. They also completed a speeded arithmetic fluency test, which measured their arithmetic skills. Our results revealed a significant mean amplitude difference in the grand average ERP waveform between ordered and unordered sequences in a time window of 500-750 ms at left anterior-frontal, left parietal, and central electrodes. We also identified distance-related amplitude differences for both ordered and unordered sequences. While unordered sequences showed an effect in the time window of 500-750 ms at electrode clusters around anterior-frontal and right-frontal regions, ordered sequences differed in an earlier time window (190-275 ms) in frontal and right parieto-occipital regions. Only the mean amplitude difference between ordered and unordered sequences showed an association with arithmetic fluency at the left anterior-frontal electrode. While the earlier time window for ordered sequences is consistent with a more automated and efficient processing of ordered sequential items, distance-related differences in unordered sequences occur later in time.

Digital Transformation in Tailoring:Thread Express Application

The Tailor Stitching Delivery Software innovates traditional tailor-client interactions with a digital platform, simplifying order processes. It guarantees a smooth experience by efficiently managing orders, facilitating seamless communication, and providing accurate delivery tracking for both tailors and clients. This software marks a significant shift in the conventional tailoring landscape, enhancing overall efficiency and user satisfaction. Both tailors and clients benefit from user-friendly interfaces designed for simplicity and ease of navigation, enhancing overall user experience. The inclusion of a streamlined process for accurate and convenient measurement collection, where clients can choose between providing old cloth for measurements or opting for a pickup service, further solidifies the commitment to a user-centric approach. Seamless integration with secure payment gateways facilitates hassle-free transactions, enabling clients to make payments within the application. Keywords: Digital Platform, Tailor-Client Interaction, Order Management, Real-Time Communication, Delivery Tracking.

Deep Learning Based Fabric Defect Detection

Ensuring quality standards is a crucial stage within the textile sector. Automated classification of the fabric defects is a vital step during the fabric manufacturing process in order to prevent any faulted fabric from being supplied to the market. The defects on the surface of the fabric were manually identified by the individuals but this poses problems in terms of human-error and is also time-consuming. Efforts have been made to achieve better precision in defect detection through image processing studies, leading to the development of automated systems. In this study, some high-performing deep learning models are applied including ResNet and VGG-16 and illustrated how these algorithms can be used in the domain of textile manufacturing for fabric defect detection. A combination of images are used ranging from patterned and textured to plain for better defects recognition on any given fabric. The algorithm VGG-16 has displayed 73.91% accuracy while the ResNet algorithm has shown 67.59% accuracy.

Word order and context in sentence processing: evidence from L1 and L2 Russian.

In this paper, we studied how native (L1) speakers of Russian and speakers of Mandarin Chinese learning Russian as a foreign language (L2) process Russian sentences with different word orders. We compared SVO (canonical) and OVS (non-canonical) orders in isolation and in context. Experiments focusing on the L2 processing of different word orders are still not very numerous, and those using context are extremely rare. In Experiment 1, target sentences were presented in isolation. In Experiment 2, one-sentence contexts introduced one NP mentioned in the target sentence, either the first (so that given information preceded new information, which is characteristic for Russian and many other languages) or the second. As a result, two factors could be compared: the syntactic (word order) and the contextual (whether the context is appropriate from the information-structural perspective). We used different measures to capture online and offline effects: word-by-word reading times, question-answering accuracy and sentence rating on a 1 to 5 scale (for L1 participants). In both experiments, RTs and question-answering accuracy data showed that non-canonical orders were difficult for L2 participants, but not for L1 participants. However, L1 participants gave non-canonical orders lower ratings in isolation, presumably because in naturally occurring texts, they are used only in particular contexts. As for the context factor in Experiment 2, some effects were the same for L1 and L2 processing: all participants read given NPs faster than new ones and preferred sentences with a 'given - new' word order. The latter may reflect the universal principles of narrative coherence. However, unlike native speakers, L2 readers are not sensitive to more subtle contextual requirements of different word orders.

Forecasting of Male Life Expectancy in Nigeria: Box-Jenkins Approach

Over the past few decades, Males’ life expectancy has been observed to be less than that of females. In the literature, little has been done to forecast the Life expectancy at birth for Males (LEM) in developing countries, especially in Nigeria. To understand the forecasting dynamics of LEM in Nigeria, this work therefore examines the series using the Box-Jenkins (1976) methodology. Pre-examination tests conducted on the series revealed that it is not only a difference stationary process of order one {I(1)} but it is also best fitted by ARIMA (1, 1, 1) model. Moreover, diagnostic checking carried out on the residuals of the fitted model confirmed that the residual is a white noise error term in that it fulfils the assumptions of homoscedasticity, stationarity, and autocorrelation. To obtain a good forecast, the LEM data spanning 1960 to 2014 (55 years) were used to train the model while the remaining LEM data spanning 2015 to 2020 (6 years) were used to test the data. For the test data, the forecasted LEM has been shown to give approximate values of the actual LEM. Findings showed that the LEM is expected to increase slightly by 0.64% within the forecasted periods spanning 2021 to 2030. Diagnostic checking, Forecasting, Homoscedasticity, Life expectancy, Male, Training sets, Testing sets

Developing outdoor spaces for work and study—an explorative place-making process

IntroductionThe development of outdoor spaces for work and study is part of a larger transition toward sustainable communities, which can take advantage of more flexible ways of organizing everyday life. Governance processes supported by physical spatial changes have the potential to bring together various actors and experts for local development. The aim of this study was to explore the possibilities of developing outdoor spaces for work and study in a collaborative process.MethodsThe study involved an upper secondary school, a local government administration, local businesses and research. The process took place in a South-Swedish small town and included developing outdoor areas for tasks traditionally carried out indoors, participatory workshops and meetings followed up through questionnaires and interviews.ResultsOverall, the introduction of outdoor places was positively evaluated, but engagement varied across actors and over time, and a number of obstacles and challenges in the process were identified.DiscussionThe study showed how vital it is to anchor ideas for place-making locally and having key persons in leading positions with allocated time to support the process. It also indicates how decisive spatial changes can be and how important it is that any physical intervention becomes an integrated part of a wider local process in order to make an imprint on local life and pedagogical practice.

Reservoir sediment removal using VMHS: storage loss vs. environmental impact

ABSTRACT Balancing between sediment removal discharge and dam reservoir storage loss considering river environmental impact is of major and practical concern. The paper presents indices for evaluating the sediment removal performance of a Vertical Multi-hole Hydrosuction System (VMHS) in view of environmental impacts. A new hole arrangement on the vertical pipe of VMHS was experimentally examined. The compiled data of the temporal variations of the sediment concentration and the cumulative volume of removed sediment demonstrated that the arrangement of the holes on the vertical pipe of VMHS has profound impact on the speed of sediment removal and on the reservoir water loss. The high concentration of the outflow from the reservoir, however, might affect the downstream water course environment. The proposed indices could be applied to determine the proper duration for terminating the hydrosuction process in order to obtain a balance between the storage capacity and the downstream water course environment.

Logistics Management Practices and Performance of Government-Owned Sugar Companies In Kenya.

In the recent past, the Kenyan government has not been able to ensure the provision of affordable food. Structural bottlenecks have made it difficult for food produced in the country to reach its intended recipients. This study investigated the effect of logistics management practices on performance of government owned sugar companies in Kenya. It was premised on the proposition that in order to increase competitiveness of government-owned sugar companies, it is important to have a sound understanding of their logistics management practices. Underpinned by resource-based view theory, theory of constraints, systems theory and transaction cost theory, this study provided insights into managing logistics to enhance performance within the context of government owned sugar companies in Kenya. Four specific objectives emanated from this main objective: one, to determine the extent to which inventory management affects performance, two, to assess how order management affects performance, three, to establish how transportation management affects performance, four to determine the extent to which packaging management practices affects performance. Out of these objectives, hypotheses were stated for testing. Through structured questionnaires, data was obtained from 5 government-owned sugar companies. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data and test hypotheses of the relationships stated earlier. The target sample population of the study was 256 supply chain personnel from five Government-owned sugar Companies in Kenya. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 29 using both descriptive and inferential analysis. The study finding revealed that inventory, order, transport, and packaging management significantly influence government-owned sugar manufacturing firms' performance in Kenya, explaining 73.9% of performance variation. ANOVA results confirmed the model's statistical significance (p < 0.05). Further analysis demonstrated positive relationships between inventory, order, transport, and packaging management practices and firm performance. The study suggests government and policymakers allocate resources for collaborative research to enhance state-owned sugar manufacturing firms' logistics management. Researchers should focus on cost reduction, quality control, and technology adoption. Sugar firms need to invest in order processing systems, equipment, and sustainable packaging. Logistics service providers should adopt advanced technologies and collaborate with sugar firms. Further studies should explore additional logistics practices and cross-industry collaborations.

THE URGENCY OF SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Education does not only involve mastering academic knowledge, but also involves forming a strong personality in students. Therefore, educational management that focuses on the sociology of education is very important to strengthen students' overall character. This research uses a literature study method to investigate the role of educational sociology in shaping student character through educational management. The aim of this research is to collect and display relevant reading material regarding the importance of educational sociology in educational management, using the literature review method. From the research results, it can be concluded that the implications of sociology are closely related to the field of education, as a scientific discipline that seeks to understand methods for managing the educational process in order to advance individual personality development. Sociology of education is in-depth and deals with various problems that arise in the educational context, especially in social interactions between students and their environment, teachers and peers. Apart from that, educational sociology also observes social phenomena that arise in the education system.