Fragmentation Process Research Articles

Hyperledger Fabric for the (digitalized) lifecycle of construction products: Applied review on fastening technology

AbstractBlockchain technology is a digital decentralized data ledger recording transactions in an encrypted format. Its implementation can potentially hold significant advantages for the built environment, particularly in manufacturing and building product usage aligned with Building Information Modeling (BIM). This paradigm shift toward decentralized transactions can foster security, reliability, and accountability. Hyperledger Fabric (HLF), an enterprise‐grade distributed ledger, offers a modular, scalable, and confidential digital framework. This article introduces HLF‐based workflows to address inefficiencies in BIM and fastener product lifecycle management, such as fragmented data handling and limited process automation. Leveraging chaincodes linked to BIM models, HLF simplifies, enhances transparency, and automates construction product lifecycle processes. Contract data and execution details are managed through a blockchain stored in a common data environment (CDE) and linked to chaincodes. The article presents the conceptualization and implementation of automated workflows, emphasizing efficiency and transparency. While showcasing successful deployments, it also highlights areas for future improvement and development. The proposed framework represents a pioneering step toward a decentralized cooperative environment in the construction industry, aligning with the transformative potential of blockchain technology.

Modeling Drop Atomization Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Atomization, a process in which droplets break into smaller structures, is common in both natural and industrial contexts. The mechanisms of droplet deformation and breakup are often described through hydrodynamic instabilities, informed by experimental studies, theoretical developments, and simulations via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In this work, Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) were employed to analyze droplet atomization under various conditions. Two models were considered for studying droplet deformation and breakup: one axisymmetric and the other threedimensional. The results showed that the deformation and fragmentation of the droplet are highly de- pendent on the Weber number. Additionally, an increase in the Weber number accelerates the onset of the fragmentation process. The three-dimensional (3D) simulations revealed perforations with a spatial distribution characterized by initial axial symmetry, which dissipates as fragmentation progresses. DNS proves valuable in such studies due to its ability to detect the droplets produced during atomization, enabling the measurement of their positions and velocities at each moment, which can be aggregated into statistical data.

A coupled and parallel peridynamics–SPH modeling and simulation of buried explosion induced soil fragmentation and cratering

In this work, we develop a coupled peridynamics (PD) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model for simulating soil fragmentation, ejection, and cratering under buried explosions. Specifically, the non-ordinary state-based PD theory describes the dynamic response of soil, while the SPH method governs the motion of the explosive gas products. A stable and efficient coupling algorithm for data transfer between PD and SPH is adopted. To accurately capture soil behaviors under blast loading, we propose a modified Drucker–Prager plasticity model incorporating an additional high-pressure compaction equation of state (EoS). Additionally, a parallel code using the OpenMP algorithm is developed for the coupled PD–SPH model to handle large-scale, long-duration soil explosions. PD–SPH predictions are compared with two sets of well-designed centrifugal model tests. The gravitational effect is considered in the simulation to replicate the true physical process of buried explosions in soil. It is found that the coupled PD–SPH model successfully captures the entire physical process of soil fragmentation, ejection, and cratering induced by buried explosions. The predicted soil ejection and cratering morphologies, as well as quantitative results such as ejection speed, ejection height, and crater diameter, align well with the test results. Furthermore, the results indicate that the gravitational effect significantly influences the soil ejection and cratering processes. With increased gravitational acceleration, the soil ejection height and crater size decrease markedly.

Value Propositions for Digital Shared Medication Plans to Boost Patient-Health Care Professional Partnerships: Co-Design Study.

Health authorities worldwide have invested in digital technologies to establish robust information exchange systems for improving the safety and efficiency of medication management. Nevertheless, inaccurate medication lists and information gaps are common, particularly during care transitions, leading to avoidable harm, inefficiencies, and increased costs. Besides fragmented health care processes, the inconsistent incorporation of patient-driven changes contributes to these problems. Concurrently, patient-empowerment tools, such as mobile apps, are often not integrated into health care professional workflows. Leveraging coproduction by allowing patients to update their digital shared medication plans (SMPs) is a promising but underused and challenging approach. This study aimed to determine the value propositions of a digital tool enabling patients, family caregivers, and health care professionals to coproduce and co-manage medication plans within Switzerland's national eHealth architecture. We used an experience-based co-design approach in the French-speaking region of Switzerland. The multidisciplinary research team included 5 patients as co-researchers. We recruited polypharmacy patients, family caregivers, and health care professionals with a broad range of experiences, diseases, and ages. The experience-based co-design had 4 phases: capturing, understanding, and improving experiences, followed by preparing recommendations and next steps. A qualitative, participatory methodology was used to iteratively explore collaborative medication management experiences and identify barriers and enabling mechanisms, including technology. We conducted a thematic analysis of participant interviews to develop value propositions for digital SMPs. In total, 31 persons participated in 9 interviews, 5 focus groups, and 2 co-design workshops. We identified four value propositions for involving patients and family caregivers in digital SMP management: (1) comprehensive, accessible information about patients' current medication plans and histories, enabling streamlined access and reconciliation on a single platform; (2) patient and health care professional empowerment through the explicit co-ownership of SMPs, fostering coresponsibility, accountability, and transparent collaboration; (3) a means of supporting collaborative interprofessional medication management, including tailored access to information and improved communication across stakeholders; and (4) an opportunity to improve the quality of care and catalyze digital health innovations. Participants discussed types of patient involvement in editing shared information and emphasized the importance of tailoring SMPs to individual abilities and preferences to foster health equity. Integrating co-management into the clinical routine and creating supportive conditions were deemed important. Coproduced SMPs can improve medication management by fostering trust and collaboration between patients and health care professionals. Successful implementation will require eHealth interoperability frameworks that embrace the complexity of medication management and support diverse use configurations. Our findings underscored the shared responsibility of all stakeholders, including policy makers and technology providers, for the effective and safe use of SMPs. The 4 value propositions offer strategic guidance, while highlighting the need for further research in different health care settings.

PHENIX results on identified hadron production in small and large collision systems

Identified charged hadron ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], p and [Formula: see text]) nuclear modification factors and ratios of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] measured by the PHENIX experiment in p[Formula: see text]Al, 3He[Formula: see text]Au, Cu+Au collisions at [Formula: see text] = 200[Formula: see text]GeV and in U+U collisions at [Formula: see text] = 193 GeV are presented. The interpretation of experimental results has been carried out by comparison to theoretical predictions involving recombination and fragmentation models, implemented in the string melting version of AMPT package and in PYTHIA/ANGANTYR package, respectively. It is shown that in low [Formula: see text] range ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]GeV/c) fragmentation processes seem to dominate over recombination processes in collisions, characterized by small numbers of participant nucleons ([Formula: see text]). The contribution of recombination processes increases with increase of [Formula: see text] values and becomes dominant in collisions with [Formula: see text] which correspond to central collisions of large systems (Cu+Au and U+U).

Gas-Phase Fragmentation of Coenzyme Q10 Radical Anion Generated by APCI: A Study by High/Low-Resolution Tandem/Sequential Mass Spectrometry.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and closely related compounds with varying isoprenoid tail lengths (CoQn, n = 6-9) are biochemical cofactors involved in many physiological processes, playing important roles in cellular respiration and energy production. Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with single or tandem mass spectrometry (MS) using electrospray (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is considered the gold standard for the identification and quantification of CoQ10 in food and biological samples. However, the characteristic fragmentation exhibited by the CoQ10 radical anion ([M]•-, m/z 862.684), the prevailing ion generated by APCI in negative polarity, has not been studied in detail. In this work, a systematic study was carried out to clarify this issue, using higher collisional energy dissociation (HCD) with high-resolution tandem FTMS and collision-induced dissociation-low-resolution sequential mass spectrometry (CID-MSn, n = 2-4). Various fragmentation pathways were successfully interpreted, with some structures proposed for product ions checked using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Besides the already-known detachments of methyl radicals occurring directly from the CoQ10 radical anion and leading to ions like [M - CH3]- and [M - 2CH3]•-, the homolytic cleavage of C-C bonds along the oligo-isoprenoid side chain was tentatively proposed to explain some of the observed fragmentations. As a result, the generation of uncommon yet potentially stable distonic biradical anions was hypothesized, with some of them likely undergoing intramolecular cyclization to generate ions without unpaired electrons. Diagnostic product ions emerged from the fragmentation processes of CoQ10 and were found to be common also to the radical anions of other CoQn derivatives (n = 7-9), facilitating their identification in extracts of edible Brassicaceae plant microgreens by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-APCI-FTMS.

Automating End-to-End Lineage Tracking for Multi-Cloud Data Architectures

Data lineage tracing is becoming more important for governance, compliance, and operational efficiency as more and more organisations use multi-cloud strategies to take advantage of different cloud platforms. Because of their inherent silos, traditional approaches to data lineage tracing are ill-equipped to manage the sheer volume and complexity of modern multi-cloud setups. An end-to-end data lineage tracing system that is completely automated and optimised for multi-cloud architectures is presented in this study. In order to provide a scalable and smooth solution, the framework incorporates AI-driven analytics, distributed tracing methods, and powerful metadata management tools. It guarantees that data translation, utilisation, and transfer across different cloud platforms can be monitored in real-time. Its capacity to increase data governance, traceability, and manual intervention reduction has been shown by empirical examination. This study tackles issues including scalability, security, and interoperability to provide a new benchmark for lineage tracing in multi-cloud environments. A company's data-driven processes may be made more transparent and reliable with the help of automated lineage tracking. The need for end-to-end lineage tracking has grown in importance as more and more organisations use multi-cloud setups to handle their expanding data ecosystems. Data lineage methods that were developed for static and single-cloud architectures aren't well-suited to handle the widespread, complicated, and ever-changing data activities that take place in multi-cloud environments. Using state-of-the-art metadata extraction, real-time monitoring, and dependency mapping based on machine learning, this research presents an automated method for full lineage tracing across multi-cloud infrastructures. Detecting lineage gaps caused by fragmented processes, scalability for large-scale datasets, and interoperability across multiple cloud platforms are all important difficulties that the proposed framework attempts to solve. Transparent and real-time insights into data migration, transformations, and relationships are provided by the system via the integration of technologies such as graph-based visualisation and AI-driven anomaly detection. Regulatory compliance, operational efficiency, and lineage correctness have all seen substantial advances, according to empirical reviews. The significance of automation in ensuring reliable lineage tracing in multi-cloud environments is highlighted in this study, which also provides a scalable answer to the increasing needs of contemporary data structures. Organisations seeking to improve governance, streamline procedures, and guarantee data dependability in more dispersed locations should use the results as a springboard.The difficulty of guaranteeing accountability and transparency in data processes is rising at an exponential rate as more and more organisations use multi-cloud environments to handle their data. In this research, we look at a new approach to automate full lineage tracing in data architectures that use several clouds. The suggested approach tackles the issues of disjointed data governance and cross-cloud traceability by using distributed ledger technology, real-time monitoring, and enhanced metadata management. Organisations may use the framework to thoroughly record the origin, transformation, and utilisation of data across different cloud platforms. Results from real-world tests show that it improves data visibility, reduces compliance risks, and simplifies audit procedures. Furthermore, by guaranteeing the veracity and correctness of genealogy records, it promotes more faith in data-driven decision-making. In order to help businesses better manage their complicated multi-cloud data ecosystems, our work offers a flexible and scalable solution.

Alignment Parameters: Quantifying Dense Core Alignment in Star-forming Regions

Abstract Recent high-resolution observations at millimeter (mm) and submillimeter wavelengths reveal a diverse spatial distribution for subparsec-scale dense cores within star-forming regions, ranging from clustered to aligned arrangements. To address the increasing volume of observational and simulation data, we introduce “alignment parameters” as a quantitative and reproducible method to automatically assess core alignment. We first demonstrate the effectiveness of these parameters by applying them to artificial test clumps and comparing the results with labels from visual inspection. A threshold value is then proposed to differentiate between “clustered” and “aligned” categories. Subsequently, we apply these parameters to dense cores identified from a sample of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 1.3 mm dust continuum images in high-mass star-forming regions. Analysis exploring correlations between alignment parameters and clump properties rules out the presence of a moderate or strong correlation, indicating that clump properties do not appear to strongly influence the outcome of fragmentation. One possible explanation for this is that the fragmentation process is chaotic, meaning that small variations in initial conditions can lead to significant differences in fragmentation outcomes, thus obscuring any direct link between clump properties and core alignment/distribution.

On the Role of Hydrogen Migrations in the Taxadiene System.

Taxa-4,11-diene is made by the taxa-4,11-diene synthase (TxS) from Taxus brevifolia. The unique reactivity of the taxane system is characterised by long distance hydrogen migrations in the biosynthesis. This study demonstrates that selective long range hydrogen migrations also play a role in the high energy process of the EI-MS fragmentation of taxa-4,11-diene. A TxS enzyme variant was generated that produces cyclophomactene, a compound that is formed through a concerted process involving a long range proton shift and a ring closure that can also be described as the addition of a methylcarbinyl cation to an olefin. Based on a previous computational study the cyclisation mechanism towards taxa-4,11-diene was suggested to involve two long distance proton migrations instead of one direct transfer. A substrate analog with a shifted double bond was converted with TxS to obtain experimental evidence for this proposal.

Lewis acid-catalyzed divergent synthesis of polysubstituted furans and pyrroles

An efficient synthetic strategy for the rapid construction of multisubstituted C2-furan or pyrrole carboxylic acid derivatives via consecutive processes of ring fragmentation, aromatization and an SN1 reaction was developed.

Study of the Effects of Different Dielectric Environments on the Characteristics of Electro-Explosive Discharge of Metal Wires and Shock Waves

The electrical explosive fragmentation technique has attracted widespread attention due to its environmental friendliness and high efficiency. However, the mechanism by which dielectrics influence rock fragmentation remains unclear. This study innovatively selected seven types of environmentally friendly dielectrics to systematically investigate their roles in the metallic wire electrical explosive rock fragmentation process. By precisely characterizing the crack morphology of concrete blocks, shock wave–strain responses, and discharge signal characteristics, the diverse mechanisms by which different dielectrics modulate rock fragmentation were revealed. The results indicate that oxide dielectrics release energy continuously through thermochemical reactions, highly conductive solutions accelerate energy deposition, and reductant suspensions generate strong secondary shock waves—all significantly outperforming tap water in terms of rock fragmentation performance. Notably, the energy deposition efficiency shows a nonlinear relationship with fragmentation effectiveness, influenced by factors such as energy release modes, dielectric composition, and bubble dynamics. The energy conversion mechanism of the electrical explosive rock fragmentation process studied in this paper provides a theoretical foundation for the fine-tuning, customization, and greening of electrical explosive rock fragmentation strategies in engineering practice.

Fragmentation from inertial detachment of a sessile droplet: implications for pathogen transport

Fragmentation of a fluid body into droplets underlies many contamination and disease transmission processes where pathogens are transported in a liquid phase. An important class of such processes involves formation of a fluid ligament and its destabilization into droplets. Inertial detachment (Gilet & Bourouiba, J. R. Soc. Interface, vol. 12, 2015, 20141092) is one of these modes: upon impact on a sufficiently compliant substrate, the substrate's motion can transfer its impulse to a contaminated sessile drop residing on it. The fragmentation of the sessile drop is efficient at producing contaminated ejected droplets with little dilution. Inertial detachment, particularly from substrates of intermediate wetting, is also interesting as a fundamental fragmentation process on its own merit, involving the asymmetric stretching of the sessile drop under impulsive axial forcing with one-sided pinning due to the substrate's intermediate wetting. Our experiments show that the radius, $R_{tip}$ , of the tip drop ejected become insensitive to the Bond number value for $Bo>1$ . Here, $Bo$ quantifies the inertial effects via the relative axial impulsive acceleration compared with capillarity. The time, $t_{tip}$ , of tip-drop breakup is also insensitive to $Bo$ . Combining experiments, theory and validated numerics, we decipher the selection of $R_{tip}$ and its sensitivity to the surface-wetting and substrate foot dynamics. Using asymptotic theory in the large $Bo$ limit for which the thin-film/slender-jet approximations hold, we derive a reduced physical model that predicts $R_{tip}$ consistent with our experiments. Finally, we discuss how pathogen physical properties (e.g. wetting and buoyancy) within the sessile drop determine their distribution in the tip and secondary fragmentation droplets.

Electroacupuncture pretreatment ameliorates Golgi stress and the inflammation response against endotoxin-induced lung injury.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition involving organ dysfunction characterized by a generalized inflammatory syndrome, and the associated mortality rate is high. Electroacupuncture (EA) exerts benefits in endotoxemia-induced lung injury, mainly through lung inflammation reduction and cellular homeostasis, although the anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying these benefits remain to be completely understood. Mice were pretreated with EA or sham EA therapy 5days prior to the induction of endotoxemia through the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Histopathological changes, systemic inflammation and cell death in the lungs were assessed. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to visually identify the structure of the Golgi complex. We examined proteins involved in maintaining the structural integrity of the Golgi apparatus and proteins associated with Golgi stress. The potential molecular mechanisms were investigated through overexpression of CREB3. EA pretreatment effectively rescued the lung from pathological changes, lung edema, cell apoptosis, and survival rate in septic mice, along with the improvement of physiological parameters. Endotoxemia strongly induces fragmented Golgi stacks, leading to fragmentation and disintegration of its shape, inducing cell apoptosis, and causing the outbreak of a large amount of inflammation in the lungs. EA therapy can significantly inhibit the fragmented process of Golgi stress to rescue the morphological changes and exert anti-inflammatory effects. And this protective effect may be related to upregulation of cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 (CREB3) and ADP-Ribosylation Factor 4 (ARF4), one of the key pathways involved in Golgi stress response. However, Sham EA (SEA) treatment did not substantially improve the fragmentation, stacking, and separation of Golgi organization, and inflammatory damage induced by endotoxin remains. This study discovered that overexpression of CREB3 may diminish the protective efficacy of EA. Administering EA pretreatment at precisely selected acupoints notably improves the survival rate in mice challenged with endotoxemia and concurrently exerts a protective effect against inflammatory lung injury. This salutary impact is speculated to be mediated through the augmentation of the Golgi apparatus's stress response.

Random files for fission fragment evaporation in TALYS: a total Monte Carlo approach

In this study, we have applied the Total Monte Carlo (TMC) methodology in the simulation of the de-excitation process of primary fission fragments (FF) within the TALYS code. Our objective was to develop a method for assessing fission model deficiencies and parameter sensitivities. The input fission fragment data used by TALYS were systematically varied. This was done using the GEF code to generate 10,000 random files by randomizing the 94 model parameters of GEF that influence both fission yields and their energy distributions. The GEF parameters were varied randomly within 3% of the default value, assuming a normal probability distribution. As a result of this parameter variation, significant changes could be identified for several observables, including the multiplicities of γ rays and prompt neutrons, as well as their spectra. Additionally, we investigate the impact of angular momentum distribution on the de-excitation data of both GEF and TALYS. Finally, we present an attempt to construct a best parameter file benchmarked against evaluated nuclear data files.

Transatlantic Relations in the Perception of the American Ruling Elite: the Economic Aspect

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the perception in the United States of the J. Biden administration transatlantic policy in economic sphere and role of the European countries in forming the new system of international relations. Considering this policy in the context of the process of fragmentation of the global economy, the authors analysed the views of the most active political and ideological groups within the American ruling elite. Although the overwhelming majority of politicians and experts agree with the administration's strategic line on the formation of integrated transatlantic economy as the core of a new system of international relations, nevertheless, they see different ways to achieve this goal. Thus, centrist Democrats believe that the United States should use its leadership to organise rapid and tough integration; conservative Democrats emphasise gradual transition and a soft policy towards the EU; progressive Democrats insist on climate priorities; moderate Republicans are for strategic control without European access to the US market; conservative Republicans see the basis of the unification only in center-right unity. At the same time, most groups agree with the administration on key issues related to the need for EU countries to withdraw from the Chinese market, the use of protectionist tools, countering the antitrust policy of Europeans, etc. It is concluded that in its transatlantic economic policy the administration receives confident support from the main groups of the American elite.

The Position and Political Discourse of Russian Parties in Latvia and Estonia in the New Geopolitical Reality

The study analyses the position and political discourse of Russian parties in Latvia and Estonia in the context of the special military operation in Ukraine. The analysis is conducted along the lines of interaction of Russian parties with one another, as well as with the government, the Russian diaspora and Russia. The empirical basis of the study is the data of the central election commissions of Latvia and Estonia. The speeches of Russian party leaders about the special military operation are also analysed. The main differences in the representation of the ethnic component of the discourse in the preelection programmes were revealed. Based on this, conclusions are drawn about the different degree of ethnic identity of parties as a criterion reflecting the degree of positioning of a political force as a representative of the interests of a national minority. It was recorded that Russian parties are characterised by different rhetoric regarding the conflict in Ukraine. Some parties preferred silence or neutrality, while the largest Russian parties in the 2000s (“Harmony” and the Estonian Centre Party) chose a hostile stance towards the Russian government. This fact together with the low representation of the ethnic component in their programmes was an important factor that significantly reduced their electoral support in regions with Russian population and in the country. At the same time, the process of fragmentation of the Russian electorate is taking place in the countries under consideration due to the growing number of political actors articulating its interests.

Laser melting, evaporation, and fragmentation of nanoparticles: Experiments, modeling, and applications

This review examines the processes of laser heating, melting, evaporation, fragmentation, and breakdown of metal nanoparticles, as well as the dependences and values of the threshold laser parameters that initiate these processes. Literature results are analyzed from experimental studies of these processes with gold, silver, and other nanoparticles, including laser surface melting and evaporation of nanoparticles and Coulomb fragmentation of nanoparticles by ultrashort laser pulses. A theoretical model and description of the thermal mechanisms of mentioned processes with metal (solid) nanoparticles in a liquid (solid) medium, initiated by the action of laser pulses with the threshold fluences, are presented. Comparison of the obtained results with experimental data confirms the accuracy of the model and makes it possible to use them to evaluate the parameters of laser thermal processing of nanoparticles. Applications of the processes include the laser melting, reshaping, and fragmentation of nanoparticles, the formation of nanostructures and nanonetworks, the laser processing of nanoparticles located on substrates, and their cladding on surfaces in various laser nanotechnologies. The use of laser ignition, combustion, and incandescence of nanoparticles is discussed, as is the use of nanoparticle-triggered laser breakdown for spectroscopy. These laser processes are used in photothermal nanotechnologies, nanoenergy, laser processing of nanoparticles, nonlinear optical devices, high-temperature material science, etc. In general, this review presents a modern picture of the state of laser technology and high-temperature processes with nanoparticles and their applications, being focused on the latest publications with an emphasis on recent results from 2021–2024.

Effects of Acute Alcohol Intoxication on Testicular Dna Stability, Gene Expression of Cytochromes CYP3A and CYP2E1, and Serum Pool of Free Amino Acids in Rats

Background. Alcohol's toxic effects on the organism is a long-known medical problem. Alcohol's damaging effect is the end result of the complex interplay between ethanol metabolism, inflammation and innate immunity. Previously, we studied the long-term consequences of chronic alcoholism and demonstrated that especially profound changes were in testes on the level of proteome and genome. Objective. This work aimed to study short-term acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) effects for rat testis DNA fragmentation, cytochromes CYP3А and CYP2Е1 genes expression, and serum pool of free amino acids in rats. Methods. Wistar albino male rats were divided into 2 groups (8 animals in each group): 1 – Control (intact rats), and 2 – AAI (rats with short-term acute alcohol intoxication). AAI was induced by repeated administration per os 40% ethanol solution in a dose 7 ml/kg body weight, for 7 days. Contents of amino acids in serum, testes mRNA CYP2E1 and CYP3A2 expression, and DNA fragmentation were evaluated. Results. In our experiments, the development of acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) led to increased DNA fragmentation processes in the testes of adult rats compared to the control group. Additionally, in the serum of ethanol-treated rats, the levels of histidine increased by 1.67 times and glutamine by 1.13 times in correlation with this pathology. Conversely, the levels of valine, phenylalanine, as well as non-essential and essential amino acids, decreased. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant increase in the expression of CYP2E1 and CYP3A2 genes in rat testes under the conditions of AAI. Conclusions. In conclusion, investigation of rats' short-term alcohol administration effects permitted us to obtain the picture of complex metabolomic changes at the different levels. The main outcome of rats short-term ethanol administration in our experiments seems to be to some extent similar to changes described for rats with chronic alcohol consumption. Our results demonstrated profound changes in testes affecting the state of the genome, transcription processes and the exchange of amino acids and proteins. We suggest that the revealed testicular metabolic disorders could have negative implications on cellular regulation of spermatogenesis even under short-term ethanol exposure.

Assessing the forms of integration of the higher education system in Mozambique

The forms of integration and articulation at tertiary education are debated around the world including studies those discuss expansion, differentiation, diversity, and fragmentation of higher education. The forms of integration are evaluated here by reviewing selected Mozambican higher education literature and database from 1962 to 2021. The higher education (HE) background research in Mozambique helped assessing trends and expansion, fragmentation, differentiation, and diversity processes. These processes were described using data assessed from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Mozambique in 53 public and private universities. Statistical analyses by Excel Sheets were based on the integrated data of enrolments, new admissions, and graduations to infer the performance of isomorphism through the process of differentiation, diversity, and fragmentation. The expansion and fragmentation of HE in Mozambique is well reflected on total students enrolled in public and private systems. Results indicated slight difference of new admissions between public and private system. While we registered more graduations in public system than in private. Comparison assessed demonstrated the absence of significant differences, at 5% of confidence level, between new-admissions and graduated students, reflecting the intensification of fragmentation of the mother institutions. Additionally, evidence supporting the differentiation and diversity practices in public and private institutions was not found. Moreover, the expansion and fragmentation processes detected suggest the need of decentralization to offset the heavy concentration of resources and higher activities outside Maputo. While differentiation and diversity processes were absent in higher education system in Mozambique, nevertheless, may ensure educational quality and produce high quality graduate outputs, research, and community outreach activities.

Evaluating the forms of integration of the tertiary education in Mozambique

The forms of integration and pedagogical articulation at tertiary education are debated around the world including studies those discuss expansion, differentiation, diversity, and fragmentation of higher education. The forms of integration are evaluated here by reviewing selected higher education literature and database from 1962 to 2021. The higher education (HE) background research in Mozambique helped assessing trends and expansion, fragmentation, differentiation, and diversity processes. These processes were described using data assessed from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Mozambique in 53 public and private universities. Statistical analyses by Excel Sheets were based on the integrated data of enrolments, new admissions, and graduations to infer the performance of isomorphism through the process of differentiation, diversity, and fragmentation. The expansion and fragmentation of HE in Mozambique is well reflected on total students enrolled in public and private systems. Results indicated slight difference of around 700 students of new admissions between public and private system. While we registered more graduations in public system than in private. Comparison assessed demonstrated the absence of significant differences, at 5% of confidence level, between new-admissions and graduated students, reflecting the intensification of fragmentation of the mother institutions. Additionally, evidence supporting the differentiation and diversity practices in public and private institutions was not found. Moreover, the expansion and fragmentation processes detected suggest the need of decentralization to offset the heavy concentration of resources and higher activities outside Maputo. While differentiation and diversity processes were absent in higher education system in Mozambique, nevertheless, may ensure educational quality and produce high quality graduate outputs, research, and community outreach activities.