Waste Processing Research Articles

An inventory analysis of waste tyre generation and management in South Africa.

Global waste generation, particularly waste tyres, is a significant issue, with South Africa contributing significantly to this problem. In 2021, 1.5 billion waste tyres were generated, with an expected 4.3% annual increase. South Africa's waste management sector faces challenges due to socioeconomic, environmental, and institutional pressures. The study employed a triangular methodological approach to collect data, which involved using various waste tyre statistical reports and organisations, analysing data from both national and provincial vehicle information, and interpreting and consolidating the resulting trends. The study found that from 2016 to 2022, the country converted 72.7% of its new tyre sales into waste tyres, additionally, 31.5% were recovered and processed. At a provincial level, four provinces, namely Gauteng, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and Mpumalanga, accounted for 74% of the waste tyres generated nationwide. Moreover, South Africa adopted various diversion methods, including exporting, reuse, material and energy recovery, and pyrolysis; with Gauteng implementing all strategies and Mpumalanga implementing only two strategies due to capacity constraints. The study concluded that there is a need for formalised waste tyre collection and processing facilities, especially in rural and less developed provinces. This work recommends further research to ascertain the capacities of waste tyre processing facilities in the five remaining provinces to provide a holistic review of tyre management nationally. Additionally, it suggests an investigation into the environmental impacts of the identified and quantified waste tyre management strategies employed in all provinces. This will support decision-makers in identifying the most sustainable and ecologically friendly tyre management technologies.

Value addition to wastes: photo/sono-catalytic and antimicrobial performance of nickel ferrite derived using iron tailing and Raney nickel catalyst processing wastes.

This research highlights a sustainable approach for the design and synthesis of a magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) catalyst reutilizing industrial waste, specifically iron ore tailing and Raney nickel catalyst processing waste, by simple co-precipitation method. Transforming waste materials into high-performance catalysts, this study aligns with the principles of a circular economy, addressing both environmental waste and pollution. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microscopic (FESEM and TEM) revealed the formation of well crystalline nano ferrite with NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with cubic spinel structure. The ferromagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization of 43emu/g and low band gap energy (1.81eV) of the prepared catalyst supported its magnetic separation and activity under visible light. EDX and XPS analysis confirmed the purity of the sample with the existence of desired elements/ions. The prepared catalyst demonstrated significant photocatalytic and sonocatalytic activity under visible light and ultrasonic waves, respectively. The catalyst efficiently degraded the Reactive Red 35 (RR35), a model dye contaminant, in its aqueous solution (20-40mg/L) within 2h of the reaction. Besides its pollutant for dye removal, the catalyst also exhibits remarkable antibacterial activity, achieving a fivefold faster E. coli disinfection rate in comparison to traditional catalysts. Overall, the results established a lab-scale method for the synthesis of ferrite nanopowder from solid industrial wastes and provided inputs for developing a combined photo-sonocatalytic process for the degradation of different persistent organic contaminants including dyes.

Exploring the utility of different bulking agents for speeding up the composting process of household kitchen waste

Household kitchen waste (HKW) is produced in large quantity and its management is difficult due to high moisture content and complex organic matter. Aerobic composting of HKW is an easy, efficient, cost-effective and eco-friendly method. This study is designed to achieve a zero-waste concept and to convert HKW. We optimized the type and size of three different bulking agents to speed up the composting process. The tested bulking agents were fallen leaves, sawdust and fly ash. The results showed a higher and longer thermophilic phase (55oC) for 11 days in C2. Higher moisture content (69%) and higher organic matter degradation (38.4%) were also observed in C2. The pH range in all compost treatments was 7-8.5, Electrical conductivity range was 1.8–3.55 mS/cm, C/N ratio range was 15.4–18.1, water holding capacity range was 3.25–4.3 g water/g dry sample, total potassium range was 1.52–1.61%, total phosphorous range was 0.83–1.14%. The highest germination index (119.1%) was also obtained in C2. The highest chili height (16.7 cm), greater number of leaves (20), greater shoot fresh weight (4.75 g) and root fresh weight (1.2 g) was obtained in the presence of C2. Similarly, greater water WHC (2.8 g water/g DW), higher porosity (55.49%) and higher aggregate stability (54.14%) of soil was also obtained by C2. This research effectively reduced the maturation time to 32 days and converted kitchen waste into compost (resource). This is a very practical idea for home composting and kitchen gardening to combat food security issues in developing countries.

Partisipasi Perempuan dan Pemuda dalam Pengelolaan Limbah Berbasis Teknologi di Program Pesona Subang

The Pesona Subang program as a solution to the problem of technology-based pineapple leaf waste in Subang Regency using a partiborator machine, is a strategy to realize sustainable development, which of course has an impact on various aspects, such as the environment, economy, and social. Of course, the role of women and youth in the implementation of the Subang Charm Program in Cikadu Village is very important, because it can create a big impact, especially on the environment. Meanwhile, the involvement of women and youth in sustainable development is considered crucial, with the involvement of women and youth as beneficiaries of the Subang Charm Program. The implementation of the Subang Charm Program in Subang Regency, West Java, is a solution for processing pineapple leaf waste which has only been thrown away or burned by pineapple farmers. However, through the Pesona Subang Program, it not only reduces the negative impact on the environment, but also contributes to the improvement of the local community's economy through the processing of waste into valuable products that can be sold in a profitable market for the beneficiaries of the Pesona Subang Program.

Phosphorus Fractionation of Dairy Processing Waste Recycled Fertilizers Reveals Inadequacy of the Standards, Measurement and Testing (SMT) Protocol

ABSTRACT The Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) protocol is widely used to fractionate phosphorus (P); however, it lacks the focus on defining the solubility of P-fractions, which is usually performed independently. In this paper, the addition of a separate pre-wash step with H2O as a first step prior to the SMT protocol was tested to account for the solubility of P. Results were compared to a control unmodified SMT experiment. The differences in P-fractions were analyzed to determine the origin of the readily available P (soluble P). Six different dairy processing waste treatment products were investigated in the form of sludge, hydrochar, and ash. Water-soluble P (WSP) was correlated with weakly bound calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe). However, the SMT protocol failed to correctly identify the different pools of P as unexpected correlations were found between P and Ca, Al and Fe. Moreover, large concentrations of organic P were present in ashes (>10 mg P g−1). The organic P fraction included substantial amounts of Fe that correlated highly with P (R2 = 0.84). No association between WSP and any of the pools of P defined by SMT was detected, with the exception of total P and inorganic P. The paper concludes that SMT erroneously classifies P into different discrete fractions across various recycled P-products with fertilizer potential. A critical reevaluation of the SMT protocol is recommended, by abandoning the categorization of P into discrete pools and switching to solvent-based categories referring to the chemicals used in each extraction.

Synthetic photorespiratory bypass improves rice productivity by enhancing photosynthesis and nitrogen uptake.

Photorespiration, often considered as a wasteful process, is a key target for bioengineering to improve crop yields. Several photorespiratory bypasses have been designed to efficiently metabolize 2-phosphoglycolate and increase the CO2 concentration in chloroplasts, thereby reducing photorespiration. However, the suppression of primary nitrate assimilation remains an issue when photorespiration is inhibited. In this study, we designed a carbon and nitrogen metabolism-coupled photorespiratory bypass, termed the GCBG bypass, in rice (Oryza sativa) chloroplasts. Our results demonstrated efficient assembly and expression of the GCBG bypass in rice chloroplasts, which affected the levels of typical metabolites and their derivatives of natural photorespiration and enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency. Metabolomic analyses revealed that oxaloacetate, produced from glycolate in chloroplasts, positively impacted amino acid synthesis, energy metabolism, and sugar synthesis. The engineered GCBG plants showed an average yield increase of 19.0% (17.8-20.2%) compared to wild-type plants under natural growth conditions, alongside improved nitrogen uptake, which compensated for 44.1% of yield losses under nitrogen-limited conditions. In summary, the GCBG bypass substantially improved the photosynthetic efficiency, biomass and yield in rice by integrating carbon and nitrogen metabolism. This study introduces a strategy for engineering high-yielding rice or other crops with improved photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen uptake.

Perspectives and needs of assistive technology advisors and suppliers in Queensland, Australia

Purpose An assistive technology ecosystem requires co-ordinated collaboration between policy, products, provision processes, and personnel. A needs assessment was conducted of the assistive technology sector in Queensland to examine these components from the perspective of all key stakeholders. Materials and Methods: This paper reports the findings of the expressed needs of the assistive technology sector as experienced by the AT advisors and suppliers. A sequential mixed methods design supported completion of a quantitative online survey (n = 29) followed by qualitative exploration with assistive technology advisors (n = 9) and suppliers (n = 6). Results There was an identified need to address the processes that led to delays or unfavourable outcomes for AT. Despite reporting confidence in the quality of services delivered, the advisors were worried about reduced access to expert consultation and a need to better build capacity and capability in the sector. Access to AT for hire or trial was problematic with conflicting tensions identified by the advisors and suppliers. However, both worried about the impact on the agency of the AT recipient in the process. Conclusions There are opportunities to enhance the personnel, provision, and policy aspects of the assistive technology ecosystem in Queensland. Pressure points are: workforce capacity and capability to meet the growing need; finding ways to support the trial of assistive technology required to ensure appropriate recommendations for assistive technology that is fit for purpose; and improving information from the bodies that manage funding to reduce the waste in the provision process.

Mining and industrial processing wastes of phosphate rocks in Egypt: potentiality of rare earth elements

Abstract Globally, Egypt ranked the eighth position in the production of phosphorus with about 5 million tons annually. Phosphate ore is considered one of the commonest sources of rare earth elements (REEs). Mining and industrial processes (beneficiation) of phosphate ore produce huge amounts of wastes in different sizes. The present study aims to evaluate the potentiality of the phosphate ore wastes as a source of rare earth elements (REEs). The study targeted some phosphate production sites in Egypt, including: Abu Tartur, West and East El-Sebaiya phosphate mines, in addition to the fertilizers factory in Assiut. The collected waste samples, during 2023, were analyzed in terms of mineralogical composition using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and chemical composition using XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence). The results of chemical analysis recorded the highest concentrations of Y, Ce, La, Nd, Sc, Sm, U, and Th in Abu Tartur waste samples, while the lowest concentrations were recorded in the fertilizers factory waste samples. These wastes contain higher concentrations of REEs than the Algerian and USA wastes. Furthermore, an enrichment of the mostly environmental hazardous elements As, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Se are detected in Abu Tartur and West and East El-Sebaiya. Thus, the wastes from the industry and mining processing of phosphate represented a vital economic source for the production of REEs. The use of wastes for production of trace and rare earth elements represents an economic and environmental add value for phosphate industry.

Chemical Composition and Methane Production Potential of Agricultural Residues: Olive Pomace, Cottonseed Meal and Red Pepper Processing Waste

Biogas is a renewable energy source produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic materials such as agricultural residues, manure, sewage, and food waste. This process involves the breakdown of these materials by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of a mixture of gases, primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), along with trace amounts of other gases like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). Biogas production from agricultural residues like olive pomace (OLV), cottonseed meal (CTM), and red pepper processing (RPP) waste holds promise for sustainable energy generation and waste management. This study investigates the chemical composition and methane production potential of these residues, emphasizing their protein, fat content, and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)/Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) ratios. Chemical analyses revealed significant variations among the materials, with cotton waste exhibiting the highest dry matter, organic matter, protein, and fat content, while pepper waste showed the highest ash content, and olive waste had the highest fiber (ADF and NDF) content. Methane production ranged from 0.34 to 0.45 m³ kg-1 of organic dry matter (ODM), with cotton displaying the highest methane yield. Biogas production ranged from 0.61 to 0.78 m³ kg-1 ODM, with cotton again yielding the highest biogas production. Methane content in biogas varied between 54.64% and 57.72%, with cotton also showing the highest methane content. At the end of the study, the dry matter (DM) and organic dry matter (ODM), ash, protein, fat, ADF, and NDF ratios of the materials were determined to be 85.51%-94.09%, 87.91%-92.92%, 7.08%-12.09%, 7.49%-15.93%, 3.76%-8.01%, 52.16%-71.07%, and 34.49%-55.58%, respectively. The materials showed chemical differences. Research highlights include the significant bioenergy potential of olive waste and cottonseed meals, alongside the environmental benefits of utilizing olive pomace for biogas production. Experimental findings reveal varying methane and biogas yields across materials, influenced by their nutrient compositions. The study underscores the viability of integrating these agricultural residues into biogas production systems, contributing to renewable energy initiatives and sustainable agricultural waste management practices.

Community Convergence Framework for Solid Waste Management

The Community Convergence Framework for Solid Waste Management is a sound management plan to address the solid waste problem for the Tangkas Organic Fertilizer Facility in Bali, Indonesia and for private and government institutions worldwide. The framework’s components are based on the principle that solid waste management should be a collective effort between local governments, communities, and organic waste processing centres. The management plan is structured so that there is a convergence between these three components. In this way, communities can strive to create a cleaner and healthier environment for current and future generations. This research will guide understanding of waste management's importance and community convergence's role in achieving sustainable solutions. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being SDG 4: Quality Education SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production SDG 13: Climate Action SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals

Analyzing resource saving and environmental safety in oil and gas waste processing system to provide sustainable development

The problems of environmental safety and resource conservation in the processing of industrial waste at Russian oil and gas enterprises are becoming more and more significant, especially in the context of current trends focused on decarbonization and sustainable development. The growth of industrial waste is not compensated by the corresponding growth in the volume and quality of processing, since only 10% of oily waste is processed, and the rest is buried or incinerated, which has an additional harmful impact on the environment. The article proposes a new approach to multifactor analysis of resource conservation and environmental safety in the integrated processing of industrial waste from oil and gas enterprises to achieve sustainable development goals. The algorithm developed by the authors, the theoretical basis of which is the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA), determines the sequence of solving interrelated problems of multifactor comparison of objects of the waste processing system by heterogeneous quality criteria: resource value, resource potential, resource saving and environmental safety. These problems are formulated on the basis of the super-efficiency model of the DEA method as a mathematical programming problem. The presented and tested approach to multifactor analysis of resource conservation and environmental safety of the waste treatment system allows: (1) to obtain and analyze relative comparative assessments of waste storage facilities and technologies regarding heterogeneous quality criteria, and (2) forming local and general decision-making strategies that provide sustainable development goals. The proposed approach appears promising for multiple prospective applications in the oil-bearing regions of the Russian Federation, where the growth in the formation of industrial waste has severe and irreversible environmental consequences.

Indikator sirkularitas di dalam tata kelola limbah pabrik kelapa sawit studi kasus: limbah cair (pome) pabrik kelapa sawit

This research was motivated by the problem of liquid waste from palm oil mills. The research aims to find out and understand the current form of palm oil mill waste management, to find out the factors that support palm oil mill waste governance in realizing a circular economy. Determining circularity indicators is one method to see the performance of palm oil liquid waste processing (POME) management and is a benchmark for the level of circularity of palm oil mill governance. The research approach uses the MCI circularity indicator developed by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation in assessing circularity indicators for various POME waste management scenarios in palm oil mills. From various POME processing governance scenarios, namely: 1) Based on field practices in palm oil mills, 2) Based on government regulations regarding POME processing in palm oil mills, 3) Processing POME with biogas technology with an open pond system, 4) Processing POME with biogas technology with a CSTR system, and 5) Processing POME into fertilizer. Based on the assessment results of various scenarios, the MCI circularity values for PKS A, B, and C under existing conditions are as follows: 0.6009 for the current system, 0.5500 for compliance with regulations, 0.5781 for biogas processing with closed ponds, 0.6143 for biogas processing with CSTR, and 0.7065 for fertilizer production. The highest circularity value of 0.7065 is achieved through the scenario of processing POME into fertilizer. This shows that liquid waste management by palm oil mills in Indonesia is still dominated by traditional systems in the form of open ponds.

Nuclear Waste Tank Emission Contributions to Particle Size Distribution.

Pollutants from anthropogenic activities including industrial processes are ubiquitous to the environment. To understand the impact from industrial aerosol on climate and human health, industrial aerosol needs to be better characterized. In this study, particle number concentrations were used as a proxy for atmospheric pollutants, which include both particles and gases. Particle concentration and size distribution were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) approximately 4.5 km from primary industrial areas at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, SC. Industrial areas include numerous nuclear waste storage and processing tanks. The SMPS data were divided into two groups depending on the wind direction measured onsite to categorize transport from the industrial area or from elsewhere. Industrial contributions were found to have a higher concentration of particles with sizes less than 200 nm, 859 ± 564 cm-3, in comparison to non-industrial attributed particles, 733 ± 495 cm-3 on average from March-July 2021. For sizes larger than 200 nm, industrial and non-industrial particles have a similar concentration, 89 ± 59 cm-3 and 99 ± 61 cm-3, with non-industrial concentrations being slightly larger. To confirm that industrial particles could travel to the sampling location, air dispersion modeling was completed for specific case studies during the sampling period. The atmospheric dispersion modeling results confirmed that particles released at the industrial areas reached the sampling location when the wind direction was favorable for transport from the industrial areas. The greater concentration of smaller-sized particles in industrial emissions has implications for typical particulate measurements (PM2.5), heath impacts, and climatological influences.

Determination of Saccharides in Cottonseed Processing Waste Liquid and By-Products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (HPLC-ELSD)

A method utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of raffinose, glucose, sucrose, and stachyose in waste liquid from cottonseed processing and in byproducts including cottonseed meal. The separation was performed using a carbohydrate ES column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and isocratic elution with acetonitrile and water (70:30, v/v). The temperature of the column oven was maintained at 35 °C. The drift tube temperature for evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was operated 40 °C, while the nitrogen flow was set to 1.5 L·min−1. The saccharides were separated by HPLC-ELSD within 20 min. The coefficients of determination (R 2 = 0.9986–0.9999) indicate that there was a linear relationship between saccharides and the response. The limits of detection were 0.004–0.023 mg·mL−1 and the quantification range was from 0.013 to 0.080 mg·mL−1. The intraday and interday precision were from 0.05 to 0.55% and 0.20 to 0.58%, respectively. The recovery was from 102.75 ± 2.03% to 106.76 ± 2.09% and the relative standard deviations were 1.87 to 1.98%. The method exhibited good stability in determining four saccharides in cottonseed processing waste liquid and the resultant byproduct cottonseed meal. This method exhibits high separation efficiency and sensitivity, excellent precision, and simplicity, which allows determination of the high value-added product, raffinose, in cottonseed processing waste liquid and meal.

LEAN PROCESS IMPROVEMENT IN HEALTHCARE: A STUDY USING VALUE STREAM MAPPING, THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS AND SIMULATION

In healthcare services, where human health is the primary concern, the principle of ''doing it right the first time'' is paramount. Waste and constraints in service delivery processes can directly impact patient health outcomes. This study aim is to examine the hospitalization process of the internal medicine department of an education and research hospital using value stream mapping (VSM), theory of constraints (TOC) and simulation (using Arena software). Initially, current and future patient flows were mapped using VSM. Constraints affecting these flows were determined using TOC, while simulation was used to assess the impact of a lean model on the system proposed through the future state map (FSM). Two scenarios were developed for the future state. The findings show the presence of numerous non-value-added steps in the existing system. A leaner patient flow was achieved by minimizing these inefficiencies through the proposed future state models, addressing problematic areas that hinder the flow. Non-value-added time (NVAT) was reduced by 44 percent in the first proposed scenario and by 72 percent in the second proposed scenario. Patients' length of stay (LoS) improved by 1 percent with the first model and decreased by 12 percent with the second model. Additionally, transfer time (TT) was decreased by 88 percent in the first scenario and by 92 percent in the second scenario. This study offers valuable insights and can serve as a roadmap for researchers, managers and decision-makers in the healthcare sector seeking to implement lean practices.

SOSIALISASI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH ORGANIK BERBASIS SUMBER DENGAN PEMBUATAN “TEBE MODERN” PADA PESERTA DIDIK SMP DHARMA PRAJA BADUNG

The management of waste produced by community households is not yet optimal, especially the handling of organic waste. To reduce the negative impact of organic waste whose management is not optimal, community service is carried out in the form of education and socialization of the application of organic waste processing by creating "Tebe Modern". This service activity is carried out using a descriptive evaluative method which is carried out by describing and analyzing the situation of the land used and maximized by socialization activities about how to process source-based waste by making "Tebe Modern". The results of this community service activity produced very good results, marked by high appreciation and enthusiasm from students, related agencies and community leaders.

Fish waste biorefinery: A novel approach to promote industrial sustainability.

In pursuit of sustainability and resource efficiency, concept of the circular economy has emerged as a promising framework for industries worldwide. The global fish processing industry generates a significant amount of waste, posing environmental challenges and economic inefficiencies. The substantial volume of fish waste generated globally along with its environmental impact highlights the urgent need to adopt sustainable practices. However, there is significant transformative potential in leveraging fish processing waste to generate industrial value. There are numerous applications of fish processing waste such as extraction of enzymes, protein hydrolysates, collagen, and gelatin. Moreover, the capacity of fish waste to generate chitin, fish oil, and biofuels foresees a future for sustainable resource management. However, it is also necessary to emphasize the need for innovation, and cross-sector collaboration to unlock this potential. While challenges lie ahead, this review explores transformative power of circular economy in reshaping the fisheries industry towards more sustainable future.

Life Cycle Assessment Approach for Tracing the Impact of Recreational Activities in Green Open Spaces, South Tangerang - Indonesia

South Tangerang has green open spaces currently widely used for community recreation, namely City Park 1 BSD and City Park 2 BSD. Recreational activities can contribute to environmental impacts. Life Cycle Assessment is an approach used to trace the impact of each recreational activity. This research aims to inventory inputs and outputs, calculate the magnitude of emissions based on impact categories, and formulate impact control scenarios for recreational activities in green open space, South Tangerang. The main data collected were the characteristics and activity patterns of visitors. At each recreational activity stage, the input type is identified, and the magnitude of emissions is calculated using the basic formula: Emissions = activity data x emission factor. The next stage is interpreting the results by formulating impact control scenarios. The identified inputs are gasoline and diesel fuel, electrical energy, urine, soap, and organic and inorganic solid waste. Emissions of transportation activities are CO2, N2O, CH4, SO2, and NO2; emissions of organic waste processing are N2O and CH4; emissions of inorganic waste processing are CH4; emissions of electricity use are CO2, SO2, and NO2; as well as emissions of using toilets and soapy water are CH4 and PO43–. Recreational activities in City Park 1 BSD produce greater emissions than in City Park 2 BSD, with hotspots in visitor transportation. Impact control can be carried out using two scenarios: limiting motorized vehicles' use and reducing plastic waste.

Identification of post-disaster housing reconstruction using a lean reconstruction approach (case study: Pasaman earthquake in 2022)

Housing reconstruction for affected communities is a priority need following a disaster. Mechanisms and strategic steps for implementation are needed to ensure that the handling is quicker and more targeted. This aligns with the lean principle of “Let the customer pull—do not make anything until it is needed, then make it quickly,” and pursue perfection through continuous improvement. This research aims to identify the stages and mechanisms of housing reconstruction implementation in West Pasaman following the earthquake disaster in 2022 through a lean reconstruction approach. This research is part of a study on developing a lean reconstruction model for post-disaster housing reconstruction in Indonesia. The method used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach. The study results indicate that implementing post-disaster housing reconstruction in Pasaman has not met the lean principle, with several stages being repeated so that it can be classified as a wasteful process. The main problem that causes the repetition of the process is the problem of data collection. In addition, the distribution pattern of post-disaster housing reconstruction assistance has several weaknesses at various stages, so the final value of recipient satisfaction cannot be fully achieved.

Pengendalian Lingkungan: Pengaruh Edukasi Pengolahan Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Metode TAKAKURA

The amount of food waste and leaves generated in the city of Bandung in 2021 was 1,430.04 tons per day and will continue to increase in 2024 by 1,796.51 tons per day. This condition needs to be controlled, so that it does not cause waste problems in the city of Bandung. In light of these conditions, a team of lecturers from the Urban and Regional Planning Study Program at the Universitas Islam Bandung educated the community on the processing of food and household waste, aiming to enable the community to convert organic waste into a more beneficial resource while preventing environmental pollution, including its potential reuse as fertilizer. In order to achieve the goal of educating the community, the team conducted education on organic waste processing using the Takakura method, together with 29 women of the Ta'lim Abu Bakar Assembly at RT 001 RW 012 Sekejati Village - Buahbatu District. Service activities include 7 (seven) stages, namely planning, coordination, socialization, Pre-Test, education about waste, assistance in making products and evaluation of activities (Post-Test). In the core activity, before the presentation on the understanding of waste management using the Takakura Method, PkM participants were given a questionnaire to find out their understanding of waste and its processing system. Subsequently, the presentation of material and compost making practices using the Takakura Method was carried out, and ended with an evaluation of activities (Post-Test) with the distribution of questionnaires. The results of the PkM activity include an increase in the understanding of PkM participants from 60% to 77% after education. The highest understanding of participants in the types of organic waste and 3R waste sorting was 93%. In addition, PkM participants were also very active during the activity and continued the activity of making kompok (waste processing) using the Takakura Method in their respective homes. So it is hoped that PkM activities can help the community better understand waste sorting, the importance of sorting organic waste, a cleaner environment, and the realization of sustainability.