Structure Formation Processes Research Articles

How Do Primordial Black Holes Change the Halo Mass Function and Structure?

We examine the effects of massive primordial black holes (PBHs) on cosmic structure formation, employing both a semianalytical approach and cosmological simulations. Our simulations incorporate PBHs with a monochromatic mass distribution centered around 106 M ⊙, constituting a fraction of 10−2 to 10−4 of the dark matter (DM) in the Universe, with the remainder being collisionless particle DM. Additionally, we conduct a ΛCDM simulation for comparative analysis with runs that include PBHs. At smaller scales, halos containing PBHs exhibit similar density and velocity dispersion profiles to those without PBHs. Conversely, at larger scales, PBHs can expedite the formation of massive halos and reside at their centers owing to the “seed effect.” To analyze the relative distribution of PBH host halos compared to non-PBH halos, we apply nearest neighbor statistics. Our results suggest that PBH host halos, through gravitational influence, significantly impact the structure formation process, compared to the ΛCDM case, by attracting and engulfing nearby newly formed minihalos. Should PBHs constitute a fraction of DM significantly larger than ∼10−3, almost all newly formed halos will be absorbed by PBH-seeded halos. Consequently, our simulations predict a bimodal feature in the halo mass function, with most of the massive halos containing at least one PBH at their core and the rest being less massive non-PBH halos.

EXPERIENCE IN THE APPLICATION OF METHODS OF RESTORATION OF DAMAGED REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION

Evidence suggests that concrete self-healing can be achieved by introducing bacteria into the concrete matrix. Despite the fact that a number of researchers have conducted experiments with different types of bacteria, the ideal combination of factors such as bacterial species, types of mineral substrate, types of carrier materials and the amount of each of these components has yet to be identified to make a qualitative breakthrough in solving the problem of self-healing concrete and reinforced concrete structures. The paper presents the results of a study on the development of a technology for obtaining materials with bio-additives, the study of the process of crack repair in concrete, and the establishment of physical and technical properties of concrete modified with a microbiological additive and restored materials. The article analyses the processes of structure formation, physical and mechanical properties of concrete and other cement composites, ways to improve them, degradation processes, damage and defects that reduce the durability of reinforced concrete structures, as well as methods of their repair and restoration. Based on the analysis of existing approaches to the creation of concrete using biotechnology and self-healing processes of defective reinforced concrete structures, theoretical prerequisites for the development of technology for the creation of concrete modified with microbiological additives and self-healing structures are developed. It is concluded that it is potentially possible to heal cracks in concrete under the control of bacteria as a result of mineral sludge formation. However, some areas of this concept require further development. It is necessary to clarify how effectively the deposition of minerals produced by bacteria seals large cracks, i.e. how much the permeability of cracked concrete is reduced to prevent corrosion of embedded reinforcement and thus increase the service life of the building material. In addition, it is necessary to select bacterial species that remain viable when introduced into the concrete matrix for at least the expected service life of the structure. Despite the fact that no qualitative breakthrough has yet been achieved in the field of concrete self-healing, this is a very promising area of research.

Pulsational mode dynamics in the presence of negions

The stability dynamics, of the gravito-electrostatically driven pulsational mode of gravitational collapse (PMGC) excitable in spherically symmetric dust molecular clouds (DMCs), is systematically theorized. It actively incorporates the interplay of dust viscosity, dust charge fluctuation dynamics, and negionic (negative ionic) effects. We take the DMC constitutive electrons, positive ions, and negions as the Boltzmann species (lighter). The negatively charged dust grains behave as viscous fluids (heavier). A generalized linear cubic dispersion equation, involving a new and unique set of multi-factorial dispersion coefficients, results from the applied spherical normal mode treatment in the DMC model. The diverse growth characteristics of the PMGC dynamics are investigated illustratively. It is found mainly that the cloud size, dust charge, equilibrium electronic number density, and equilibrium dust number density play stabilizing roles in the PMGC. However, the dust mass, equilibrium positive ionic number density, equilibrium negionic number density, and dust viscosity play destabilizing roles against self-gravity. The reliability of our study is ensured by the fact that the diversified stabilizing features explored here are consistent with the previous results. The applicability of our study in astrophysical gravity-driven structure formation processes moderated actively with the negionic effects is finally outlined.

Studying the Processes of Polyacrylonitrile Structure Formation Using Mesoscale Modeling

Studying the Processes of Polyacrylonitrile Structure Formation Using Mesoscale Modeling

Вплив хімічного складу та температури гартування на розмір зерна аустеніту та твердість інструментальної сталі

Alloying elements and impurities influence ambiguously on the factors that determine the process of the austenite structure formation. This does not make it possible to qualitatively predict the direction of their influence on the change of austenite grain dispersion during austenitizing heating and the hardness of tool steel. To date, there is no information on mathematical models that reliably describe the influence of chemical composition and quenching temperature on the specified characteristics of tool steels. The influence of the chemical composition and quenching temperature on the austenite grain size and the hardness of tool steels was studied, with the development of mathematical models of such influence with the determination of the effectiveness of these factors. It was established that the size of the austenite grain and the hardness of the quenched tool steel are mainly determined by the nature and quantity of alloying elements, the degree of distortion of the crystal lattice and the quenching temperature. The main influence on the austenite grain size of tool steels is the quenching temperature and the quantity of carbon, molybdenum and tungsten in the steel. An increase in the heating temperature leads to growth, and the quantity of elements - to the dispersion of the austenite grain. According to the increase in the specific efficiency of the influence of 1% alloying element on the decreasing of the austenite grain size, they can be arranged in the following sequence: W, Mo, C, and the efficiency of their relative influence is, respectively, 1 : 1.4 : 6.7. The hardness of tool steel is mainly determined by the content of carbon, silicon, tungsten and molybdenum in the steel and the degree of distortion of the crystal lattice by them, as well as the quenching temperature. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the factors showed that the influence of carbon is 26%, tungsten – 22%, molybdenum – 20%, tempering temperature – 17% and silicon – 15%. The obtained regression equations can be used by scientists for further research and by practitioners in the selection of materials for making tools. Keywords: steel, chemical composition, temperature, quenching, grain, austenite, hardness

Translations of multiple interacting bubbles in one-dimensional system

Abstract The pulsations and translations of N cavitation bubbles obey combined ordinary differential equations on one-dimensional chain by analyzing the pressures near the cavitation bubbles, and the translations of the cavitation bubbles are discussed. The results indicate that the cavitation bubbles with the same ambient radii at both ends move symmetrically towards or away from the middle cavitation bubble, and the secondary Bjerknes forces on the cavitation bubbles at both ends are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction and the secondary Bjerknes force on the middle cavitation bubble is zero. In addition, dynamic balance can be maintained between bubbles due to the viscous drag force, and the secondary Bjerknes forces on the cavitation bubbles at both ends are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and the secondary Bjerknes force on the middle cavitation bubble is almost zero. This is of immediate consequence for understanding cavitation structure formation processes in an acoustic field.

Development of binders based on the СаО–Fe2O3 system

The object of research is the processes of structure formation and modeling of the properties of a specialized binder. The development of new binding materials based on production waste with high early strength indicators could make it possible to speed up construction period and is one of the urgent tasks at present. This study focused on the creation of binders based on the СаО–Fe2O3 system. The developed binder of the СаО–Fe2O3 system has the following composition: limestone – 26 %; red slime – 74 %, which has a dense fine-porous structure and high early strength indicators – 22.5 MPa with a density of 1960 kg/m3. There is also an increase in the average density of samples annealed at a temperature of 1200 ℃ for 60 minutes, ground and mixed with water, in comparison with samples fired at 1100 ℃ for 60 minutes, by 500 kg/m3, due to new formations. The prospect of using modified composite binders with special functional properties has been substantiated. The use of production waste based on the СаО-Fe2O3 system could make it possible to obtain materials with high physical and mechanical properties, which makes them promising for application in various areas of the construction industry. The development of such binders will help reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry, owing to the use of affordable and effective components. This approach will not only contribute to the improvement of the quality of building materials but also help reduce the ecological burden on the environment by using alternative resources and industrial waste. The developed binder could be used for the development of solutions for 3d printing, as well as repair of concrete coatings

Fe(II)-mediated Fe–N–P metabolism in an anammox-dominated system for enhanced nitrogen removal and Fe–P crystals (FePs) production

Low-carbon and high-efficiency processes for achieving simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery from wastewater are gaining increasing attention from researchers. This study investigated the performance and mechanism of a novel Fe(II)-mediated anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process characterized by stable nitrogen removal and production of high-value Fe–P crystals (FePs) as byproducts. Fe(II) promotes the synthesis of heme C and enhances the activity of nitrate reduction metabolic genes, which induce nitrate-dependent ferrous oxidation to form a complex Fe–N cycle. In addition, Fe(II) significantly enhanced the phosphorus removal efficiency up to 79.2 ± 6.9% by inducing Fe–P biomineralization. Biomolecular analysis has shown that most iron absorption and transport genes, as well as phosphate transport and regulation genes, are promoted by Fe(II). The composition and microstructure analyses of the anammox granules revealed the formation of FePs that consisted of phosphosiderite (FePO4·2H2O), ludlamite (Fe3(PO4)2·4H2O), and vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2∙8H2O). This study also provides an in-depth illustration of the structural characteristics and formation processes of anammox-FePs granules. Thus, an Fe(II)-induced Fe–N–P metabolic network in an anammox-dominated system was uncovered, offering a feasible approach for simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery.

Impact structures on Mercury from MESSENGER data: Implications on their formation processes and crustal structure

In this study high-resolution stereo images and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) from MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, Geochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission were utilized to detect impact structures in regions not covered by Mercury’s Laser Altimeter (MLA), while gravitational data was utilized as a supported data set. We have established an inventory of 314 impact structures ≥150 km, classified on their morphological and gravitational characteristics. 24 basins ≥300 km have been newly discovered. Additionally, we have identified significant surface modifications in impact structures of smooth material infill, which can be either impact-induced or volcanic in origin. The Bouguer anomaly and crustal thinning in the center are displaying an interplay of predominant change of crustal structure in impact basins. Further, this study reveals a common impact history of Mercury and the Moon. Nevertheless, cumulative density distributions suggest the possibility of either a divergence in impactor populations responsible for forming large basins on both celestial bodies or a significant shift in impactor rates. This work holds important implications not only for understanding impact structure formation and evolution processes but also for interpreting the crustal structure. It presents an updated and expanded catalog of impact structures on Mercury, encompassing buried basins, and identifies new areas of interest, potentially serving as target sites for the forthcoming BepiColombo mission.

Hierarchical porous ceramics constructed by interlocked alumina platelets with hollow glass spheres as pore formers

Hierarchical porous alumina ceramics were prepared through hydratable alumina gel-casting method. The matrices were constructed by interlocked alumina platelets. Hollow glass spheres as pore formers participated in the fluorine-catalyzed structure formation process. The samples with 20 wt% hollow spheres added (1000–1300 °C) had volume densities, apparent porosities, linear shrinkages and compression strengths of 0.59–0.90 g/cm3, 81.68 %∼74.20 %, 1.40 %∼14.07 % and 12.64–23.36 MPa, respectively. Changing the fraction of hollow spheres (10–30 wt%, 1100 °C) had effects on tailoring the compression strengths (3.13–13.40 MPa), without apparently affecting the densities (0.58–0.60 g/cm3)/porosities (79.70 %∼82.28 %)/shrinkages (1.47 %∼1.93 %). The pore size distributions demonstrated the interlocking pores built by alumina platelets, the pores that inherited from the gel network, and the large pores provided by hollow spheres. The reheated (1300 °C) samples presented good structure stability with shrinkages of 6.60 %∼18.57 %. The synthesized ceramics with both high porosities and satisfactory strengths could meet the requirements of high temperature gas/liquid filtration or catalyst supporting, etc.

Phylogeography of Parnassius citrinarius Based on Mitochondrial DNA Reveals Large Differences in Genetic Structure between the Eastern and Western Japan.

The Japanese Archipelago hosts a rich butterfly fauna, and elucidating the genetic structures of multiple species is necessary to clarify their formation processes. This study aimed to reveal the genetic structure and distribution formation process of Parnassius citrinarius, which is widely distributed across the Japanese Archipelago from Hokkaido to Shikoku, through phylogeographic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence. Thirty haplotypes were revealed from 311 individuals from 47 sites, indicating significant differences in the genetic structures between the eastern and western parts of the Japanese Archipelago. In Eastern Japan, multiple genetic clusters were found, with some sites harboring two clusters. The divergence times among populations in Eastern Japan were relatively recent, and no genetic differentiation was observed between regions, including between Hokkaido and Honshu, which are separated by a narrow strait. In contrast, in Western Japan, including Shikoku, unique genetic clusters were observed in each region. The phylogenetic relationships among populations were regionally clustered, and the divergence times were relatively ancient. The distribution and genetic structure of P. citrinarius in the Japanese Archipelago have been significantly influenced by temperature fluctuations and the presence of geographical barriers during the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles, including the potential formation of refugia in Western Japan.

Influence of heating rate and intercritical annealing temperature on the austenite formation of a cold rolled dual‐phase steel

AbstractThis study investigated austenite formation in a cold‐rolled dual‐phase steel through thermal experiments in a dilatometer and a Gleeble machine, applying various intercritical annealing temperatures and different heating rates in a 60 % cold‐rolled ferrite‐pearlite banded microstructure. The microstructural characterization revealed that the transformation of lamellar pearlite into ferrite and spheroidized cementite aggregates started before the onset of austenite formation. Different degrees of overlap between the recrystallization of ferrite‐pearlite structure and austenite formation processes were observed, depending on the applied heating rates, which affected the austenite formation mechanisms and the microstructure morphology.

Formation of Black Silicon in a Process of Plasma Etching with Passivation in a SF6/O2 Gas Mixture.

This article discusses a method for forming black silicon using plasma etching at a sample temperature range from -20 °C to +20 °C in a mixture of oxygen and sulfur hexafluoride. The surface morphology of the resulting structures, the autocorrelation function of surface features, and reflectivity were studied depending on the process parameters-the composition of the plasma mixture, temperature and other discharge parameters (radical concentrations). The relationship between these parameters and the concentrations of oxygen and fluorine radicals in plasma is shown. A novel approach has been studied to reduce the reflectance using conformal bilayer dielectric coatings deposited by atomic layer deposition. The reflectivity of the resulting black silicon was studied in a wide spectral range from 400 to 900 nm. As a result of the research, technologies for creating black silicon on silicon wafers with a diameter of 200 mm have been proposed, and the structure formation process takes no more than 5 min. The resulting structures are an example of the self-formation of nanostructures due to anisotropic etching in a gas discharge plasma. This material has high mechanical, chemical and thermal stability and can be used as an antireflective coating, in structures requiring a developed surface-photovoltaics, supercapacitors, catalysts, and antibacterial surfaces.

Toward Cosmological Simulations of the Magnetized Intracluster Medium with Resolved Coulomb Collision Scale

We present the first results of one extremely high-resolution, nonradiative magnetohydrodynamical cosmological zoom-in simulation of a massive cluster with a virial mass of M vir = 2.0 × 1015 solar masses. We adopt a mass resolution of 4 × 105 M ⊙ with a maximum spatial resolution of around 250 pc in the central regions of the cluster. We follow the detailed amplification process in a resolved small-scale turbulent dynamo in the intracluster medium (ICM) with strong exponential growth until redshift 4, after which the field grows weakly in the adiabatic compression limit until redshift 2. The energy in the field is slightly reduced as the system approaches redshift zero in agreement with adiabatic decompression. The field structure is highly turbulent in the center and shows field reversals on a length scale of a few tens of kiloparsecs and an anticorrelation between the radial and angular field components in the central region that is ordered by small-scale turbulent dynamo action. The large-scale field on megaparsec scales is almost isotropic, indicating that the structure formation process in massive galaxy cluster formation suppresses any memory of both the initial field configuration and the amplified morphology via the turbulent dynamo. We demonstrate that extremely high-resolution simulations of the magnetized ICM are within reach that can simultaneously resolve the small-scale magnetic field structure, which is of major importance for the injection of and transport of cosmic rays in the ICM. This work is a major cornerstone for follow-up studies with an on-the-fly treatment of cosmic rays to model in detail electron-synchrotron and gamma-ray emissions.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ЗНЕМІЦНЮЮЧОГО ТЕРМОМЕХАНІЧНОГО ОБРОБЛЕННЯ СТАЛЕВОГО ПРОКАТУ ЗВАРЮВАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ

The theoretical justification of the prerequisites for the plasticization of welding wire rod from alloy steels due to the management of the processes of structure formation during cooling of the metal after hot plastic deformation is given. It is shown that the processes of metadynamic and static recrystallization of austenite, which occur after dynamic recrystallization and static polygonization, are decisive in the softening schemes of thermomechanical treatment of wire rod. The softening effect during thermomechanical treatment is achieved by adjusting the size of the dynamically recrystallized austenite grain through accelerated water cooling of the metal from the temperature of finish hot deformation to the temperature of the folding out of the wire rod into coils before the start of the air-cooling stage on the "Stelmore" line. The transformation of fine-grained austenite begins at higher temperatures compared to coarse-grained and is accompanied by the formation of a larger fraction of structurally free ferrite and a decrease in the fraction of bainite and martensite during the subsequent slow cooling on the conveyor under heat-insulating covers. The structural features of the "Stelmor" line, necessary for the effective implementation of the process of softening thermomechanical treatment of welding wire rod, are considered.

REASONS AND REGULARITIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF DEFORMABLE METALS

Background. The strength of metals greatly limits the possibility of obtaining products by plastic deformation. The electromagnetic nature of the processes of structure formation and plastic deformation provided the basis for the application of additional influence of the magnetic field. A fairly large volume of research material has been accumulated on the topic of additional influence of the magnetic field on ferro-, dia- and paramagnetic metals. The researches of recent years have an applied nature of studying the magnetoplasticity of technical alloys. Their generalization will make it possible to move from laboratory research to the development of equipment and technologies for combined pressure processing of metal products in a weak magnetic field. Objective. Generalization and analysis of the results of laboratory and theoretical studies of the additional application of the magnetic field in the processes of mechanical testing of metals and alloys.Methods. Literary review of materials of articles, monographs, dissertations. Results. Reasonable use of a magnetic field for plastic deformation of metals. The explanation of the mechanism of the influence of the magnetic field on the structural elements of metals based on the effect of magnetoplasticity has been made. The description of changes in the mechanical properties of metals and alloys under the additional influence of a magnetic field is given. Conclusions. The phenomenon of magnetoplasticity has been studied for a wide range of materials such as pure metals and their alloys, including industrial steels and alloys. Various types of positive effects of a magnetic field on the mechanical properties of metals have been established: a decrease in the yield strength and deformation resistance, an increase in strain, relaxation of internal stresses, and a decrease in dislocation density. There is also a reverse, negative effect of the influence of a magnetic field: increased rate of hardening, embrittlement, increased creep of metals. What will be the effect of a magnetic field on a specific metal cannot be guaranteed with high accuracy.

Composition Methods of the Soviet Architectural Avant-Garde

This paper explores the composition logic of the creativity of the Avant-garde masters and to identify the principles of the composition language of the architecture of modernism.To characterize the composition language of Avant-garde architecture, systemic, historical-genetic and semiotic methods of research are used. Architectural composition is interpreted as an activity that has its own semantic, morphological and syntactic features. In the example of Svoboda Square (the former Dzerzhinsky Square) in Kharkiv, the logical methods of artistic activity and thinking of the architects of the Soviet Avant-garde of the 1920-1930s are studied.At the beginning of the 20th century avant-garde movements were created artificially, consciously, by an act of will, and they strove to dictate their ideas, concepts and principles as universal and general. The architectural language of the Avant-garde is normative, ascetic and rigidly organized. Distinctive features of the artistic movements of the Avant-garde are the deep analyticity of thinking and the normativity of the declared requirements, abstract concepts and symbols. The logical principles of composition are often repeated thanks to stable semantic associations and are reflected in geometric structures and forms. Thus, the methods of compositional thinking of the Avant-garde form a monological system, i.e. they are internally holistic and normative, not allowing alternatives. It was possible to identify and show that the Avant-garde, as a monological language system, is characterized by the following features: internal integrity, self-sufficiency, normativity; stability of figurative language devices; restriction of freedom of artistic expression with the help of a concept, declaration, slogan, clear conceptual system.Researchers and designers should treat the phenomenon under study not as a “closed”, stylistically defined object, but see it as a complex historical process of structure formation based on an even more complex process of development of thinking and activity of architects and builders of a particular period.

Nano/Microstructuring of Nickel Electrodes by Combining Direct Laser Interference Patterning and Polygon Scanner Processing for Efficient Hydrogen Production

The present work utilizes direct laser interference patterning in conjunction with a polygon scanner system to fabricate micro‐ and nanostructures on the surface of nickel foils. A picosecond pulsed laser source with an average power of ≈470 W is used to pattern line‐like structures having spatial periods of 11.0 and 25.0 μm and a maximum structure depth of up to 15 μm. The scanning speed and the number of consecutive scans, ranging from 5 to 500, are varied in order to assess their influence on the structure formation process. Furthermore, the use of ultrashort pulses permits the production of hierarchical surface structures having up to four feature size levels because of incubation effects and growth of different types of laser‐induced periodic surface structures. 2D‐fast Fourier transforms are applied to scanning electron microscopy images for analyzing the evolution of features from the nano‐ to microscale. The method proposed here permits the reduction of 22% in the overpotential of the hydrogen evolution reaction, which linearly correlates to the drop in energy required to drive this chemical reaction.

СВОЙСТВА И ФАЗОВЫЙ СОСТАВ ЦЕМЕНТНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ

Introduction of complex antifreezes based on calcium formate, calcium chloride and superplasticizer Polyplast SP-1 into cement masses leads to changes in the phase composition of cement mortars. Of great importance are the developments of complex modifiers that are used for the hardening phase of cement-crushed mixtures, especially at low temperatures (down to –20 °C). The phase and structural characteristics of cement mortars have not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, the work investigated the effect of complex antifreeze additives on the properties and phase composition during the structuring of cement masses. Compressive strength reaches its maximum value (44.8 MPa) with the addition of calcium formate, calcium chloride and superplasticizer to the composition of cement pastes. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out using a DRON-3 diffractometer. The used methods were standard. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples prove the high intensity of reflections of calcium hydrosilicate d = 9.69 Å, portlandite d = 4.921 Å, d = 2.632 Å, which indicates a high degree of hydration of portland cement. The combined use of calcium formate and calcium chloride promotes the activation of hydrolysis, and the addition of superplasticizer SP-1 leads to a decrease in the water-cement ratio to 0.20, which leads to an acceleration of the hardening process. Complex antifreeze additives increase the percentage ratio of crystalline phase to amorphous phase, thus, cement pastes with complex additives of 6 % (HCOO)2Ca, 3 % CaCl2, 2 % SP-1 have the highest value of degree of hydration (0.70) due to the formation of 63 % crystalline phase. Newly formed structures are typical for portlandite and dicalcium hydrosilicates. Complex antifreezes as an additive promote the activation of hydration in cement mortars, and the level of the degree of hydrolysis and the integral value of mass loss confirm this. Synergism of structure formation processes is observed at joint use of antifreeze additives in the composition of cement masses and, as a result, increases the strength of cement mortars used in construction at low climatic temperatures.

Use of synthetic calcium hydrosilicate in Portland cement compositions

We investigated the patterns of the synthesis of calcium hydrosilicate of tobermorite composition in the "amorphous silica–calcium hydroxide–water" system. The gradual interaction of calcium hydroxide and amorphous silicon(IV) oxide leading to the formation of synthetic tobermorite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. It was determined that the optimal duration of the synthesis of calcium hydrosilicate was 5 days, which, according to electron microscopic studies, ensured the production of grains with a size of 0.4–4 m. The influence of the synthesized tobermorite on the change in strength characteristics of cement stone during setting was studied using cement-sand mortar mixtures with sands of different particle size distribution. A comparative analysis of the effect of storage conditions of the synthesized product on the structure-forming processes of cement stone was carried out. It was established that the modifying effect of synthetic tobermorite was observed when it was dried after synthesis and stored in a dry state. Conversely, prolonged storage of calcium hydrosilicate in a wet state led to a loss of its activity and a decrease in the strength characteristics of cement stone. The mechanism of the influence of calcium hydrosilicate additive was studied by measuring the change in the rate of heat release of cement dough at the initial stage of hydration. It was shown that the addition of dry calcium hydrosilicate accelerated the physicochemical processes of hydration of clinker minerals, while the addition stored in wet conditions slowed down hydration. Electron microscopic studies of cement stone after 28 days of setting confirmed that the introduction of dry calcium hydrosilicate contributed to the formation of a structure characterized by a higher degree of crystallization and an increase in the strength of the samples.