Processes Of Social Change Research Articles

Conceptualising Subjectivities and Rationalities in Understanding Gendered Violence: Processes of Social and Cultural Change

International development policy and programming that is geared towards women’s empowerment through reversing normalization around gendered violence tends to focus either on social norm change (in line with much social science research) or, more commonly, on increasing women’s paid work. In this article, we argue that neither exclusive focus on social norm/mindset change nor on women’s economic engagement can come to grips with what sustains or may end violence. This is because such approaches cannot unpack the intersectional and dynamic interaction of social relationships, power, institutions and environmental dimensions that shape perceptions, attitudes and behaviours. We suggest that Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, combined with a concept of collective agency, pushes us to focus on the dynamics of the different spheres and types of relationships that sustain violence and can help us to untangle them. Drawing on data from Myanmar and Nepal, we argue that understanding the complexity of how different forms of violence feed from each other and link to symbolic, structural and behavioural dimensions is critical alongside a clearer idea of how collective agency can facilitate change.

Инновационная модернизация российской экономики как основа для реализации национальных интересов

The article focuses on the problem of modernizing the national economy, which has acquired special significance in Russia in the context of globalization of the world space. The concept of modernization is sufficiently multifaceted, it presupposes both the transformation of existing social structures and the emergence of new institutions and forms of interaction between them. The heterogeneity and multilevel structure of modernization processes determine the complexity of their regulation. The processes of social changes characterized by different speed, scale and target predetermined the need for their multifactor analysis. The terminology and scope of application of the conceptual apparatus of innovative modernization is clarified, differences in research approaches to the principles of constructing trajectories of the modernization process with an emphasis on the integration of the potential of individual structural elements are noted. The study of structural disproportion in the levels of technological development in the branches of domestic industry made it possible to substantiate the need for the transition to the technological paradigms V and VI. There have been formulated the parameters and mechanisms for reforming technological structures that contribute to the accumulation of intra-industry and intersectoral potential within high-tech and science-intensive industries. When the industrial sector of the economy plays a dominant role, the transition to the innovative development model is becoming the most important condition for overcoming the crisis. The expediency of the formation of creative institutions designed to stimulate innovative behavior, the generation of new areas of entrepreneurial activity is noted. The conclusion is made about the need to optimize intersectoral financial flows that contribute to the formation of growth points of the Russian economy.

Surviving in Overijssel. An Analysis of Life Expectancy, 1812–1912.

The rise in life expectancy is one of the main processes of social change in the 19th century. In the Netherlands, regional differences in life expectancy, and their development, were huge. Therefore, studies on average life expectancy or studies, which examine the whole of the Netherlands do not fully capture the differential determinants of this process. This study focuses on social, economic, and geographic differences in life expectancy in 19th-century Overijssel using the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN). Exploiting Cox regression, the influence of several factors on life expectancy are investigated. The article shows that birth cohort, urbanisation, and gender had an important relation with life expectancy in 19th-century Overijssel, while industrialisation, religion, and inheritance customs were not associated with age at death.

(In)Decent work conditions and quality care: an issue for long-term care policy

AbstractThe availability of informal care will remain a key factor influencing future demand for formal services and the analysis cannot be dissociated from formal care. Based on the ‘unpaid care work–paid work–paid care work circle’, proposed by the International Labour Office, this paper focuses on the individual, interpersonal and organisational determinants that most influence quality care. This paper is based on 40 semi-structured interviews with care workers, in 16 Portuguese care homes, in one council in the metropolitan area of Lisbon. In spite of social change processes in the care worker profession in Portuguese nursing homes, in the last decade, in terms of numbers, age and education, the interviews allowed me to unveil qualitatively what the numbers hid: precarious working conditions, insufficient staffing, excessive workloads and long working hours, high rotation and insufficient skills. All these determinants have consequences not only on the quality of the care that these care workers can offer, but also on their physical and mental health, job satisfaction and work environment. The high demand of care needs due to the ageing of the population, calls for continued efforts in improving working conditions, and a national strategy to promote recruitment of a diverse, younger and more-qualified workforce. The professionalisation of care work must be integrated with migration and employment policies (improvement of job quality and working conditions).

The Acute Psychiatric Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adults

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant public health challenges worldwide, resulting in over a million deaths worldwide and major changes in social processes. Older adults are disproportionately represented among those experiencing severe illness and death. Older adults, particularly those with pre-existing psychiatric conditions, may also be more vulnerable to the psychiatric impacts of the pandemic and its resulting social sequelae. During peak months of the pandemic, our inpatient geriatric psychiatry service has cared for patients who presented with severe psychiatric states related to the pandemic. In this study, we examine four cases to illustrate differing mechanisms by which the pandemic causes acute psychiatric distress in older adults and describe targeted interventions to address each mechanism.MethodsCases seen in the Geriatric Psychiatry/Neuropsychiatry inpatient service at Johns Hopkins Hospital late in the first wave of the pandemic (June 2020) are analyzed to identify the psychological and social mechanisms for acute psychiatric distress, using a timeline representation approach.ResultsThe timeline analysis of the cases indicated four mechanisms for acute psychiatric distress during the pandemic: incitement of fear, social isolation, loss of routine and purpose, and disruption of medical services. These factors have been shown in other work to have adverse effects on the psychological well-being of older adults.ConclusionsWhile the older adult population as a whole may be heterogeneous in their psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic, those with fewer social resources, lower resilience, or pre-existing mental illness are likely to experience disproportionate distress in the face of these changes. Interventions should be tailored to promote flourishing in individuals; including assistance in navigating changes in the healthcare system, developing technological skills, and leveraging connections and resources in the individual's social circle and community.FundingNone

Greek History

This is the first review of books in Greek history after a year, as the Coronavirus crisis last spring made it impossible to submit a review for the G&R volume of autumn 2020. I apologize to readers and editors for the resulting delay in reviewing two books published in 2018. The multi-volume Lexicon of Greek Personal Names has been a tremendous tool of research that one day could hopefully revolutionize the study of Greek history. The volume under review is the eighth in the series; edited by Jean-Sébastien Balzat, Richard Catling, Édouard Chiricat, and Thomas Corsten, it is devoted to inland Asia Minor, covering Pisidia, Lycaonia, Phrygia, Galatia, Paphlagonia, Cappadocia, Pontus, and Armenia. The onomastics of these areas are complex owing to the various historical processes in which they were enmeshed: centuries of migration, conquest, and cultural change meant that, in addition to the ‘native’ cultural traditions of inland Asia Minor, the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman empires, as well as migratory movements like that of the Celts, left a deep onomastic impact. The issue is further complicated because the majority of the evidence comes from the Roman Imperial period, making diachronic comparison more difficult. This excellent volume offers a new documentary basis for studying social, cultural, and economic processes of change in these important areas of the ancient world: the full collection of the evidence makes it easier to classify names into different linguistic groups, an issue that has bedevilled the study of onomastics in Asia Minor for a very long time; it will also be possible to study regional divergences in the onomastics of different areas.

Strategic Communication in Health and Development: Concepts, Applications and Programming

Significance of communication in health and development is well recognised. Strategic communication informs, educates and influences. In addressing varied health and development issues, including the challenges involving diseases control, more targeted communication strategies are designed to make optimum use of available resources to achieve the planned results in a given context. Based on research, that is, the community-based study of risk factors and the operational research, communication theories evolved and so did the strategies and practices for result-driven health and development communication. In this article, some approaches have been examined to better understand the role of strategic communication in development and health, including disease control. Information dissemination through ‘extension approach’, first for agriculture development and later for family planning, adapted and boosted through advertising and marketing frameworks led to wide awareness about the methods and techniques of family planning but not the adoption at the same levels. Experience and research studies demonstrated that mere ‘awareness’ was not adequate for fostering adoption of ‘new’ practices; instead, it required sustained investments in communication for social and behavioural change processes. For this, bottom-up communication design, participatory communication with community involvement, evidence-based advocacy and preparedness for risk communication are required for effective communication and health and development. As HIV/AIDS posed an initial challenge for communication scholars earlier in the 1980s, so is the COVID-19 pandemic throwing a major communication challenge today. The article attempts to analyse the approaches and shed light on the role of communication in health and development, especially in the context of health crisis.

A theory of migration: the aspirations-capabilities framework

This paper elaborates an aspirations–capabilities framework to advance our understanding of human mobility as an intrinsic part of broader processes of social change. In order to achieve a more meaningful understanding of agency and structure in migration processes, this framework conceptualises migration as a function of aspirations and capabilities to migrate within given sets of perceived geographical opportunity structures. It distinguishes between the instrumental (means-to-an-end) and intrinsic (directly wellbeing-affecting) dimensions of human mobility. This yields a vision in which moving and staying are seen as complementary manifestations of migratory agency and in which human mobility is defined as people’s capability to choose where to live, including the option to stay, rather than as the act of moving or migrating itself. Drawing on Berlin’s concepts of positive and negative liberty (as manifestations of the widely varying structural conditions under which migration occurs) this paper conceptualises how macro-structural change shapes people’s migratory aspirations and capabilities. The resulting framework helps to understand the complex and often counter-intuitive ways in which processes of social transformation and ‘development’ shape patterns of migration and enable us to integrate the analysis of almost all forms of migratory mobility within one meta-conceptual framework.

Tough Tradeoffs: Coca crops and agrarian alternatives in Colombia

This paper compares coca with mainstream agrarian economies in Colombia. It shows that the country's legal and illicit sectors share several fundamental characteristics and processes. Due to its very illegality, coca is endowed with positive characteristics that are not easily found elsewhere: it is a productive – even in the absence of basic public goods –, familial, labor intensive, smallholder agriculture, relatively resistant to monoculture. Furthermore, different processes of social change have mitigated some of the typical problems of agrarian frontiers linked to global markets. In turn, its illegal status also imposes extreme costs over peasants and other social sectors. On the one hand, due to coca producers can escape from the “reproductive squeeze” and extreme pattern of land concentration that affect other peasants; on the other, coca becomes an unending source of risk and distress. This contradiction puts peasants in front of very tough tradeoffs, which in turn demand a careful reconsideration of what “alternative” development can mean in the Colombian context.

Urbanization and mental health as a research problem in Latin America (with a focus on Brazil).

The basic hypothesis of this paper is that, in Latin America, the nature of the set of variables or determinants regarding the relationships of urbanization (and correlated processes of social change, modernization, acculturation, and economic inclusion) and mental health varies with the political context or historical phase considered. To assess the validity of the hypothesis, I propose a periodization of the economic, political, and social changes that occurred in Latin America in the past decades. A brief review of recent studies on social determinants of mental health (with a focus on Brazil), considering research findings by historical context, shows that urbanization-modernization-migration variables were more present in the literature in the decades of 1980 and 1990, whereas social inequity factors (gender, ethnicity/race, and racism) came to be dominant as a research question after the year 2000. New approaches of the mental health situation of peripheral societies such as those in the Latin American continent have gone beyond the urban environment as a determinant and start to consider social determination processes and political contexts.

Глобальные социальные трансформации и современный мир

Researched is the process of global social changes in the process of transformation of the content of education in the modern world. Presented are principal vectors of development of that process. Also elaborated are various possible directions in development of that process as to the nearest and the more further perspective of development.

Hürriyeti Bağlayıcı Cezaların Ortaya Çıkışında Etkili Olan Koşullar

The modern process refers to the process of social, economic and cultural change that began in Europe, especially from the second half of the 17th century, and then influenced the whole world. The modern process has three basic elements: industrialization, artistic–cultural change, and enlightenment. The sub-elements of the modern process that pave the way for the change of public punishment and thus, the birth of prison are: 1) Increased valuing of human beings, 2) The spread of the belief that tomorrow will be better by accepting science as fundamental value, and 3) The spread of the concept of discipline and awareness of the importance of surveillance. Both the increase in the importance of the human body and the fact that human beings are perceived as individuals who can determine their own way of life have led to the idea that punishments which are incompatible with human dignity and which involve direct physical violence cannot be applied to human beings. The fact that science has become a fundamental value and the idea that the future will be more beautiful for humanity through science has led to the idea that criminals can be rehabilitated in confinement through science. Finally, the concept of discipline has become widespread in the modern process and it has been seen that surveillance is the most effective way of ensuring discipline in the society. Prisons have been built as the most suitable places for the surveillance and thus, the disciplinary reform of the criminals. 

Superdiversity and social policies in a complex society: Social challenges in the 21st century

Superdiversity is a characteristic of contemporary societies that affects processes of social change and social policies. Using meta-analytical methods, this article reviews how superdiversity is addressed in the literature to better inform social policies from a sociological perspective. A search of the literature in English and Spanish revealed 76 articles using different methodological approaches over the period 2007–2019. The descriptors for the search were superdiversity, cultural diversity, migratory flows, global migration, population change, social interactions, social change, social complexity, social care, social policy, superdiverse contexts, age, gender and migrants/ superdiversidad, diversidad cultural, flujos migratorios, migración global, cambio de población, interacciones sociales, cambio social, complejidad social, cuidados, política social, contextos superdiversos, edad, género and migrantes. The main results are the identification of key aspects to inform social policies and promote sustainable social change consonant with the current social reality.

Recent Trends in Forestry Research and Priorities for the Next Decade in India

In India, forest management has ushered a change process for forestry development administrators. Sustainability, productivity and adaptability are the core issues to be addressed. The corporate revitalisation is required for the effective institutionalisation of governance. It may be attained through better coordination, commitment and new competencies. The newer capacities and competencies need the research support. The required research support does not relate to only silviculture but related dimensions of social change process. The scope of silviculture research has undergone a change where the researcher has to look beyond timber. The current communication focuses upon newer silvicultural dimensions such as associated action research, market research, social and policy research to be probed. The research structures need to be strengthened and the research information management group (RIMG) in each state may be formed for effective dissemination of research results. The paper calls for immediate research support systems for effective governance with the forest departments.

ПЕРФЕКЦИОНИЗМ И ТРЕВОЖНОСТЬ КАК ФЕНОМЕН САМООТНОШЕНИЯ В МОЛОДОМ И ЗРЕЛОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

The article examines the psychological aspects of the manifestation of anxiety and perfectionism as a phenomenon of selfattitude in the period of youth and maturity in a situation of transitivity associated with constant changes in social processes, value systems and the transformation of the everyday space of a modern person. The paper analyzes the differences in the manifestation of the level of anxiety and the level of perfectionism in people at a young and mature age; the influence of situational and personal anxiety on self-attitude and the level of specific components of self-attitude is considered; the relationship between the level of socially prescribed perfectionism and the level of self-attitude of the individual is studied. The results of the study demonstrate that the young participants experience a significantly higher level of situational anxiety at their age, in contrast to people of mature age. At the same time, anxiety, as a personality trait, is generally on the same level, with insignificant growth in the group among young people. The study did not reveal any differences in the level of self-oriented perfectionism in the two age groups. However, according to the scale of perfectionism oriented towards others, there are differences between young and mature respondents. The study records that the level of situational anxiety is significantly lower in people of mature age. At the same time, the respondents of this age group are characterized by a higher level of self-esteem, self-confidence, self-acceptance, self-consistency, as well as self-understanding than the participants at a young age.

ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ В ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

The article considers the specifics of marketing in public administration. It is stated that recently there have been changes in social processes, which have left their mark on the change of approaches in public administration. The first results of the initiated reforms allow to assert about change of ideology of relations between the state and the person in favor of priority of interests of the last and formation of the marketing state. The key approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of «marketing in public administration» are identified. It is established that the main condition for the formation of marketing-oriented public services is to ensure their attractiveness to potential recipients. The study of the essence of marketing in public administration allowed to single out such its tasks as the satisfaction not only of consumers but also of producers of public services; ensuring the possibility of forming competitive advantages of legal entities; satisfaction of public interests; formation of the image of the public organization, market segmentation in order to more clearly adapt public services to the needs of the target market; determination of directions of activity of non-profit organizations. It is established that the objects, the needs of which can be directed to the efforts of public marketing, include consumers-individuals, consumers-legal entities, public authorities, society. The types and methods of marketing in the public sphere are diverse, identical to the objects and tools of influence. The main attention is paid to non-commercial channels of information dissemination, the main task is to solve the social needs of people. Possibilities of formation of marketing in public management according to the basic marketing concepts 4Р, 7Р, 4С are considered. The components of the evaluation of the quality of administrative service have been identified. The place of digital technologies in terms of marketing in public administration is determined. The importance of internal and partner marketing in public administration is established. Innovative methods of CGAS work as a practical platform for the use of marketing in public administration are considered.

Dynamics of generation values and environmental ethics in the information space: case of a metropolis and regional centre

The article presents the values of generations living in different regions of North-West Russia. The research identified changes in the values of generations over the period of 2009–2018. The first stage was conducted in 2009, the second one in 2018. The study involved 769 people (288 men and 481 women) aged 16-83 living in Arkhangelsk and Arkhangelsk region, St. Petersburg and Leningrad region. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was a sociological approach to generations as well as socio-psychological interpretation of a generation as a large social group. We tested our hypothesis ether there are any differences in generational values and how they changed since 2009 in a Metropolis and Regional Centre. We studied values using the Russian version of Schwartz’s Value Survey adapted by V. Karandashev (Karandashev, 2004). Statistical analysis was carried out with the help of Statistica 10.0 software package. We calculated primary statistics and used the criteria analysis applying the Mann-Whitney criterion (Z). The results showed that: 1) values are a good indicator for monitoring the processes of social and individual change resulting from historical, social, and personal events; 2) value orientations of residents of a metropolis demonstrate relatively high stability; 3) values of older generations are more stable; 4) younger generations contribute most to the generational dynamics of values.

EVALUASI RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN JANGKA MENENGAH DESA (STUDI KASUS DI DESA LUBUK SULI KECAMATAN DEPATI VII KABUPATEN KERINCI

Development is a process of social change with broad participation a society that is intended to achieve social and material progress (including increasing the amount of justice, freedom and other valued qualities) for the majority of the people through the greater control they have over their environment.
 To plan development is not to build ideas and future strategies only without considering the social, cultural, and community adoption ability to change, so a lot of planning has been successful in stimulating economic growth in the short term but failed in building social cohesion, resisting vulnerability and reinforcing the cultural value. 
 In relation to this, the village development planning should be put in a comprehensive manner to bridge the development needs of the region, strengthening the sector and harmonization of development actors.This study aims to see how the results of the evaluation of the Middle-Term Development Plan of the village of LubukSuli, DepatiTujuh District, Kerinci 2018 district. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive approach. Sources of data in this study using interviews and documentation. the general aspects of planning and implementation are good enough.

CANNABIS E DESENVOLVIMENTO

Este trabalho parte do objetivo de fazer uma discussão teórica e analítica sobre as relações que envolvem os eixos do Estado, da economia e da sociedade no processo de desenvolvimento de um mercado da cannabis para seus diversos usos sociais. Elaborando um modelo típico ideal, tal análise aplicará ao material empírico algumas generalizações para testar seus encaixes na realidade, sem surgir sob a forma específica da realidade. Desta forma, faz-se uma discussão teórica sobre as relações entre o processo de mudanças sociais e desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Além disso, são analisadas algumas relações entre cannabis, Estado e sociedade, buscando enfatizar os possíveis desenvolvimentos morais, sociais e políticos inerentes a esse processo. Ainda, discute-se a relação entre cannabis e economia, analisando as expectativas relacionadas a inovações, investimentos, mercados e emprego. Em vista disso, sustenta-se a hipótese base de que as mudanças e os desenvolvimentos sociais, políticos e econômicos atrelados às demandas dos usos sociais de maconha, tanto quantitativos quanto qualitativos, estão em relação direta com a formação de valores, normas e direitos sociais, isto é, com a formação de uma moralidade que transforme as demandas e as ofertas intrínsecas aos diferentes usos socais de cannabis em relações normais para as sociedades.

Preserving the fire: Some thoughts on traditional attire of Bagri females

The past few decades witnessed some developments that have left a permanent mark on the life style and costumes. The traditional costumes, jewellery and other accessories as well as a traditional lifestyle have been adversely affected by various factors of the social change process and vanished into the antiquity. It is significant to document this heritage for posterity and conservation of our age-old rich traditions. The purpose of this study was to explore and document the attire of Bagri females of North Western India. Interview questions were mainly focused on specific information related to the upper and lower garments, headdresses and jewellery and body decoration. Findings of the study revealed that most preferred traditional dresses of Bagri females were Aangi, Jamper, Ghaghro, Bugiyo, Sunkukdo, Chundadi and Pila. In the fashion market, there are some contemporary designs of dresses and jewellery available which shows similarity with Bagri attire.