Duplication Process Research Articles

A scoping review of the reporting quality of reviews of commercially and publicly available mobile health apps.

There is no guidance to support the reporting of systematic reviews of mobile health (mhealth) apps (app reviews), so authors attempt to use/modify the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). There is a need for reporting guidance, building on PRISMA where appropriate, tailored to app reviews. The objectives were to describe the reporting quality of published mHealth app reviews, identify the need for, and develop potential candidate items for a reporting guideline. A scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O'Malley approaches. App reviews were identified in January 2024 from SCOPUS, CINAHL, AMED, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, ACM Digital Library, snowballing reference lists, and forward citation searches. Data were extracted into Excel and analyzed using descriptive statistics and content synthesis, using PRISMA items as a framework. One hundred and seventy-one app reviews were identified, published from 2013 to 2024. Protocols were developed for 11% of the reviews, and only 52% reported the geographical location of the app markets. Few reported the duplicate removal process (12%), device and operating system used (30%), or made clear recommendations for the best-rated apps (18%). Nineteen PRISMA items were not reported by most (>85%) reviews, and 4 were modified by >30% of the reviews. Involvement of patient/public contributors (4%) or other stakeholders (11%) was infrequent. Overall, 34 candidate items and 10 subitems were identified to be considered for a new guideline. App reviews were inconsistently reported, and many PRISMA items were not deemed relevant. Consensus work is needed to revise and prioritize the candidate items for a reporting guideline for systematic app reviews.

Comprehensive tuning guide: IBM MDM, PME algorithm, services, and configurations

The research paper provides comprehensive guidance on tuning specifics to maximize the efficiency of IBM MDM, particularly in high-performance environments. It addresses several advanced topics and tuning guidelines, focusing on the architectural framework and the details required for sustained performance. Including the recommendations to Handle Long-Chained Duplicates in Suspect Duplicate Processing (SDP), Minimize Deadlocks During Duplicate Processing, and Advanced Database Configurations for High-Performance WebSphere Application Server (WAS) Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and Cache Optimization, and Thread and session management, upgrading the Java version to hava8, Garbage Collection (GC) and Heap Memory Settings, servlet caching, and reduced application logging, MDM Workbench recommendations, Services tuning, and Batch processor tuning. IBM Messaging Queue’s Max server connections and Queue Connection Factory Settings.

Interactions of N- and C-terminal parts of Ana1 permitting centriole duplication but not elongation.

The conserved process of centriole duplication requires establishment of a Sas6-centred cartwheel initiated by Plk4's phosphorylation of Ana1/STIL. Subsequently the centriole undergoes conversion to a centrosome requiring its radial expansion and elongation, mediated by a network requiring interactions between Cep135, Ana1/Cep295, and Asterless/Cep152. Here we show that mutant alleles encoding overlapping N- and C-terminal parts of Ana1 are capable of intragenic complementation to rescue radial expansion. This permits recruitment of Asl and thereby centriole duplication and mechanosensory cilia formation to restore the coordination defects of these mutants. This genetic combination also rescues centriole duplication in the male germ line but does not rescue the elongation of the triplet microtubule-containing centrioles of primary spermatocytes and consequently these males are coordinated but sterile. Such centriole elongation is rescued by the continuous, full-length Ana1 sequence. We define a region that when deleted within otherwise intact Ana1 does not permit primary spermatocyte centrioles to elongate but still allows recruitment of Asl. Our findings point to differing demands upon the physical organization of Ana1 for the distinct processes of radial expansion and elongation of centrioles.

Thermochromic Polymers in Food Packaging: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Patent Landscape Analysis

This study addresses the gap in research on the application of thermochromic polymers (TPs) in food packaging and their potential for real-time temperature monitoring, aiding in the assessment of food quality and shelf-life. TPs exhibit a visible color change in response to temperature variations. A comprehensive systematic review (SR) across multiple engineering peer-review databases using predefined terms was conducted. Additionally, international patent databases were investigated using the same predefined terms. Independent experts reviewed the methodology to identify and address potential biases. A total of 288 eligible articles and 922 patents were identified. After a duplicate selection and extraction process according to the inclusion criteria, four related full-text publications were selected from the initial 288 articles, and five relevant patents were selected from the 922 patents. The qualitative review suggests that TPs hold significant promise as food packaging materials due to their unique physical properties. The study concludes that TPs offer valuable properties for the food packaging industry, meriting further investigation to exploit their benefits fully.

Revolution of Duplicated Music

This article explores the evolution of early commercial music production and the shift from selling original recordings to duplicated copies. It focuses on the introduction of the pantographic duplication technique, which allowed for successful mass production of phonograph cylinders. The pantograph copied cylinders mechanically, using the same blank cylinders as original recordings. This made the two products difficult to distinguish. The music industry kept this process of duplication a secret, selling duplicated copies labelled “original” and “master” quality. Recent research reveals that mechanical duplication through the pantographic method was more extensive than previously acknowledged, with millions of copies produced in a short timeframe. The author commissioned the production of a contemporary pantograph copy of a cylinder recording. Its analysis uncovered characteristic sounds and defects, such as additional mechanical noise, deteriorated signal-to-noise ratio, errors in the time axis, and excess harmonic distortion. These signatures can help differentiate between original recordings and pantographic copies in archive collections. Understanding the implications of early duplication techniques also contributes to a better understanding of the development of the music industry and its recording practices.

Transparency Matters: Assessing Harms Reporting Compliance in Randomized Controlled Trials Underpinning the AAOS Clinical Practice Guideline for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

Background: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) has developed a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Primary studies such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are cited as evidence for the guidelines. Given the influence that these trials have on patient care, adherence to standardized protocols for conducting and reporting RCTs is essential. Purpose: To evaluate the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Extension for Harms–related reporting of RCTs cited as supporting evidence for the AAOS CPG on the management of ACL tears. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The reference section of the AAOS guideline for ACL tears was first screened for RCTs cited in the CPG. Next, each RCT was evaluated for adherence to the CONSORT Extension for Harms checklist. Both identification of RCTs and assessment of adherence were performed in a masked and duplicate process. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize adherence to CONSORT Extension for Harms items. A Pearson correlation test was conducted to assess the relationship between the year of publication and adherence to CONSORT harms reporting. Results: The sample included 113 RCTs, of which 16 (14.2%) were published before the CONSORT Extension for Harms was implemented in 2004. Sample sizes ranged from 24 to 4564 participants, with a mean of 228. None of the included RCTs included all 18 items in the CONSORT Extension for Harms checklist. The mean number of checklist items reported was 4 (of 18; 22.2%). A moderate, positive, and statistically significant correlation was found between the RCT publication year and the adherence with reporting of the CONSORT Extension for Harms (t111 = 3.54; P < .001) (r = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14-0.47). Conclusion: Harms were infrequently reported in RCTs cited as supporting evidence in the AAOS CPG for the management of ACL tears. One encouraging finding was the positive correlation between the year when RCTs were published and how well they adhered to reporting harms. Efforts to improve adverse event reporting are warranted, as RCTs are commonly used to make clinical decisions in orthopaedic surgery.

Designing an occlusal appliance digital protocol using an open-source 3D modeling software program: a technical report.

Occlusal splints are a commonly prescribed dental appliance for the management of bruxism or temporomandibular disorders. The use of digital dental technology facilitates the fabrication of this therapeutic device. The improvements in digital technology have helped in designing and producing occlusal splints that show better precision and accuracy as well as ease of manufacturing in terms of time and materials, in addition to the option of a simple and straightforward duplication process. The present technical report describes the digital workflow steps that need to be followed to design an occlusal device in a fully digital protocol. Scans of maxillary and mandibular models were acquired in centric relation, and a virtual 3D occlusal device was designed using a free, open-source 3D modeling software program.

Comparative genomic profiling of transport inhibitor Response1/Auxin signaling F-box (TIR1/AFB) genes in eight Pyrus genomes revealed the intraspecies diversity and stress responsiveness patterns.

In the genomics of plants and the phytoecosystem, Pyrus (pear) is among the most nutritious fruits and contains fiber that has great health benefits to humans. It is mostly cultivated in temperate regions and is one of the most cultivated pome fruits globally. Pears are highly subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses that affect their yield. TIR1/AFB proteins act as auxin co-receptors during the signaling of nuclear auxins and play a primary role in development-related regulatory processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, this gene family and its members have not been explored in Pyrus genomes, and understanding these genes will help obtain useful insights into stress tolerance and ultimately help maintain a high yield of pears. This study reports a pangenome-wide investigation of TIR1/AFB genes from eight Pyrus genomes: Cuiguan (Pyrus pyrifolia), Shanxi Duli (P. betulifolia), Zhongai 1 [(P. ussuriensis × communis) × spp.], Nijisseiki (P. pyrifolia), Yunhong No.1 (P. pyrifolia), d'Anjou (P. communis), Bartlett v2.0 (P. communis), and Dangshansuli v.1.1 (P. bretschneideri). These genes were randomly distributed on 17 chromosomes in each genome. Based on phylogenetics, the identified TIR1/AFB genes were divided into six groups. Their gene structure and motif pattern showed the intraspecific structural conservation as well as evolutionary patterns of Pyrus TIR1/AFBs. The expansion of this gene family in Pyrus is mainly caused by segmental duplication; however, a few genes showed tandem duplication. Moreover, positive and negative selection pressure equally directed the gene's duplication process. The GO and PPI analysis showed that Pyrus TIR1/AFB genes are associated with abiotic stress- and development-related signaling pathways. The promoter regions of Pyrus TIR1/AFB genes were enriched in hormone-, light-, development-, and stress-related cis elements. Furthermore, publicly available RNA-seq data analysis showed that DaTIR1/AFBs have varied levels of expression in various tissues and developmental stages, fruit hardening disease conditions, and drought stress conditions. This indicated that DaTIR1/AFB genes might play critical roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The DaTIR1/AFBs have similar protein structures, which show that they are involved in the same function. Hence, this study will broaden our knowledge of the TIR1/AFB gene family in Pyrus, elucidating their contribution to conferring resistance against various environmental stresses, and will also provide valuable insights for future researchers.

Comparative genomics analysis of pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO) genes in eight pyrus genomes and their regulatory role in multiple stress responses in Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri).

Pyrus (pear) is among the most nutritious fruits and contains fibers that have great health benefits to humans. It is mostly cultivated in temperate regions globally and is highly subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses which affect its yield. Pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO) is an essential component of the chlorophyll degradation system and contributes to the senescence of leaves. It is responsible for opening the pheophorbide a porphyrin macrocycle and forming the main fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite However, this gene family and its members have not been explored in Pyrus genomes. Here we report a pangenome-wide investigation has been conducted on eight Pyrus genomes: Cuiguan, Shanxi Duli, Zhongai 1, Nijisseiki, Yunhong No.1, d'Anjou, Bartlett v2.0, and Dangshansuli v.1.1. The phylogenetic history, their gene structure, conservation patterns of motifs, their distribution on chromosomes, and gene duplication are studied in detail which shows the intraspecific structural conservation as well as evolutionary patterns of Pyrus PAOs. Cis-elements, protein-protein interactions (PPI), and the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses show their potential biological functions. Furthermore, their expression in various tissues, fruit hardening conditions, and drought stress conditions is also studied. Based on phylogenetics, the identified PAOs were divided into four groups. The expansion of this gene family in Pyrus is caused by both tandem and segmental duplication. Moreover, positive and negative selection pressure equally directed the gene's duplication process. The Pyrus PAO genes were enriched in hormones-related, light, development, and stress-related elements. RNA-seq data analysis showed that PAOs have varied levels of expression under diseased and abiotic stress conditions. The 3D structures of PAOs are also predicted to get more insights into functional conservation. Our research can be used further to get a deeper knowledge of the PAO gene family in Pyrus and to guide future research on improving the genetic composition of Pyrus to enhance stress tolerance.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Aux/IAA Gene Family in Artemisia argyi: Identification, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Determination of Response to Various Phytohormones.

Artemisia argyi is a traditional herbal medicine plant, and its folium artemisia argyi is widely in demand due to moxibustion applications globally. The Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA, or IAA) gene family has critical roles in the primary auxin-response process, with extensive involvement in plant development and stresses, controlling various essential traits of plants. However, the systematic investigation of the Aux/IAA gene family in A. argyi remains limited. In this study, a total of 61 Aux/IAA genes were comprehensively identified and characterized. Gene structural analysis indicated that 46 Aux/IAA proteins contain the four typical domains, and 15 Aux/IAA proteins belong to non-canonical IAA proteins. Collinear prediction and phylogenetic relationship analyses suggested that Aux/IAA proteins were grouped into 13 distinct categories, and most Aux/IAA genes might experience gene loss during the tandem duplication process. Promoter cis-element investigation indicated that Aux/IAA promoters contain a variety of plant hormone response and stress response cis-elements. Protein interaction prediction analysis demonstrated that AaIAA26/29/7/34 proteins are possibly core members of the Aux/IAA family interaction. Expression analysis in roots and leaves via RNA-seq data indicated that the expression of some AaIAAs exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, and some AaIAAs were involved in the regulation of salt and saline-alkali stresses. In addition, RT-qPCR results indicated that AaIAA genes have differential responses to auxin, with complex response patterns in response to other hormones, indicating that Aux/IAA may play a role in connecting auxin and other hormone signaling pathways. Overall, these findings shed more light on AaIAA genes and offer critical foundational knowledge toward the elucidation of their function during plant growth, stress response, and hormone networking of Aux/IAA family genes in A. argyi.

Анализ мультигенных семейств вируса африканской чумы свиней

The article presents summarized data on the multigene families of the African swine fever virus (MGF). A feature of the ASF virus is the presence of a large number of multigene families. It is generally accepted that multigene family proteins are widely distributed in the African swine fever virus (ASF) genome and are generally classified into five families, including MGF-100, MGF-110, MGF-300, MGF-360, and MGF-505. The multigene families of the ASF virus are located in both the left and right variable regions of the genome. It is known that multigene families 110 and 300 are located on the left end of the genome, and MGS 100 on the right, and MGS360, MGS505 and MGS530 at both ends of the genome. Most MGS families have copies at each end of the genome. Multigene families are responsible for the virulence and replication of the ASF virus. Several genes belonging to the 360 and 505/530 families determine the host range of the ASF virus and its virulence. The 530 multigene family contains six different reading frames encoding an average of five hundred and thirty amino acids containing four highly conserved domains. MGS300 consists of three open translation frames encoding an average of three hundred amino acids containing three highly conserved domains. The amino-terminal regions of the proteins encoded by MGS-530 and 300 have significant similarity to each other, as well as to the corresponding regions. Most researchers believe that MGS evolved through a process of duplication and sequence divergence. Elements of multigene families are located close to each other and are read in only one direction.

Abstract IA023: The role of RTF2 in replication and replication stress response

Abstract The replisome faithfully coordinates the essential process of genome duplication despite genomic sequences or lesions that slow or stall replication fork progression, collectively termed replication stress. Such lesions threaten the accurate transmission of the genome; as such, cells have evolved many mechanisms of replication fork protection and repair to ensure that the genome is fully replicated within the confines of S phase. Our group has previously characterized the essential protein Replication Termination Factor 2 (RTF2) as one such facilitator of replication control during both unperturbed and stalled conditions. During unperturbed replication, RTF2 localizes the Ribonuclease H2 heterotrimer (RNase H2) to replication forks, where RNase H2 facilitates the removal of ribonucleotides aberrantly incorporated into the genome to ensure replication fork speeds and promote the completion of genome duplication. When the replisome encounters fork-stalling lesions, however, RTF2-RNase H2 are removed from the replisome through the action of proteasome shuttle proteins DNA Damage Inducible 1 and 2 (DDI1/2) to promote replication restart dependent upon PRIM1, the primase subunit of DNA polymerase α. Further, we find that cells depleted of RTF2 accumulate mitotic markers, including phosphorylated FOXM1 and cyclin B1, during S phase and exhibit abnormal nuclear structures. Together, these findings suggest that RTF2-deficient cells bypass the S/G2 checkpoint, in which ATR functions to suppress CDK1 activity and mitotic progression while replication is ongoing and implicate RTF2 as a mediator of replication checkpoint control. Citation Format: Agata Smogorzewska, Cayla Broton, Nicolas J. Blobel, Brooke Conti. The role of RTF2 in replication and replication stress response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: DNA Damage Repair: From Basic Science to Future Clinical Application; 2024 Jan 9-11; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA023.

BGNBA-OCO based privacy preserving attribute based access control with data duplication for secure storage in cloud

Cloud computing technology offers flexible and expedient services that carry a variety of profits for both societies as well as individuals. De-duplication techniques were developed to minimize redundant data in the cloud storage. But, one of the main challenges of cloud storage is data deduplication with secure data storage.To overcome the issue, we propose Boneh Goh Nissim Bilinear Attribute-based Optimal Cache Oblivious (BGNBA-OCO) access control and secure de-duplication for data storage in cloud computing in this paper. The proposed method achieves fne-grained access control with low computation consumption. We design Boneh Goh Nissim Privacy Preserving Revocable Attribute-based Encryption that reinforces attribute revocation and averts the discharge of sensitive information. Furthermore, we utilize Optimal Cache Oblivious algorithm to prevent disclosure of access patterns to hide the access patterns in cloud storage via rand pattern matching. We support updating both encrypted data and access control policies to minimize communication and computation overhead of data duplication and encryption processes concurrently. We perform secure data sharing to achieve higher data confidentiality and integrity. Finally, we conducted the extensive experiments in cloud and the results illustrated that our proposed BGNBA-OCO method is more efficient than related works.

Unraveling the evolutionary origin of the P5CS gene: a story of gene fusion and horizontal transfer.

The accumulation of proline in response to the most diverse types of stress is a widespread defense mechanism. In prokaryotes, fungi, and certain unicellular eukaryotes (green algae), the first two reactions of proline biosynthesis occur through two distinct enzymes, γ-glutamyl kinase (GK E.C. 2.7.2.11) and γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase (GPR E.C. 1.2.1.41), encoded by two different genes, ProB and ProA, respectively. Plants, animals, and a few unicellular eukaryotes carry out these reactions through a single bifunctional enzyme, the Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), which has the GK and GPR domains fused. To better understand the origin and diversification of the P5CS gene, we use a robust phylogenetic approach with a broad sampling of the P5CS, ProB and ProA genes, including species from all three domains of life. Our results suggest that the collected P5CS genes have arisen from a single fusion event between the ProA and ProB gene paralogs. A peculiar fusion event occurred in an ancestral eukaryotic lineage and was spread to other lineages through horizontal gene transfer. As for the diversification of this gene family, the phylogeny of the P5CS gene in plants shows that there have been multiple independent processes of duplication and loss of this gene, with the duplications being related to old polyploidy events.

Activation of the DNA damage checkpoint perturbs asymmetric localization of Kar9 to spindle pole bodies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

During cell cycle progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, spindle pole bodies (SPBs) are duplicated during the G1/S-phase transition. SPBs are crucial for the organization of both the spindle and astral microtubules, and their orientation defines the direction of nuclear division. In this process, an old SPB, which serves as the template SPB during the duplication process, is oriented toward the bud side. The patterning microtubule plus-end tracking protein, Kar9, plays an important role in the orientation of SPBs by asymmetrically localizing to the old SPB. Here, methylglyoxal (MG), a metabolite derived from glycolysis, was found to perturb asymmetric Kar9 localization and influence proper positioning of the old SPB. MG activated the DNA damage checkpoint pathway, and MG-induced perturbation of asymmetric Kar9 localization was abolished by the deletion of MEC1, a sensor for the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Methyl methanesulfonate, a DNA-alkylating agent, also perturbed asymmetric Kar9 localization. Our results suggest that activation of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway perturbs the asymmetric Kar9 localization required for proper positioning of SPBs.

A new efficient ALignment-driven Neural Network for Mortality Prediction from Irregular Multivariate Time Series data

The irregularity of the time interval between observations in and across the stream is a key factor that leads to a drop in performance when classical machine learning or deep learning models are used for a downstream task requiring multivariate time series. Indeed, irregular multivariate time series not only increase the rate of missing values but also lead to data sparsity, which consequently makes the data almost unleverageable and/or ineffective for models. To tackle this scorching challenge, most of the pioneering approaches apply imputation or interpolation in their core, which might lead to embedding data with noise. To especially address this irregular multivariate time series issue, we introduce, in this paper, a new deep neural network model called ALignment-driven Neural Network. The innovative idea of our model is to transform the irregular multivariate time series into pseudo-aligned (or pseudo-regular) latent values. The latter are shown as a matrix, where the coefficients are the latent values of each feature at user-defined reference time points that are evenly spaced. They are obtained through a duplication process driven by an exponential decay mechanism. The obtained output is then passed to a Recurrent Neural Network model, which is undoubtedly the must-use model for regular time series data. To show that our model added value, we looked at the Intensive Care Unit mortality prediction task. In this unit, the physiological measurements used to make decisions have a problem with time irregularity. Leveraging the publicly available MIMIC-III, we compare the performance of our model to that of flagship models. In addition, we also performed extensive ablation studies to highlight the importance of specific components in our model. Interestingly enough, whenever data is collected 24 and 48 h after a patient’s admission, we outperform our pioneering competitors, i.e., +1.1% and +1.5% for the AUC score, +2.3% and +2.4% for the AUPRC score and +0.6% and +1.7% for the F1-score.

Integrated omics and machine learning-assisted profiling of cysteine-rich-receptor-like kinases from three peanut spp. revealed their role in multiple stresses.

Arachis hypogaea (peanut) is a leading oil and protein-providing crop with a major food source in many countries. It is mostly grown in tropical regions and is largely affected by abiotic and biotic stresses. Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) is a family of transmembrane proteins that play important roles in regulating stress-signaling and defense mechanisms, enabling plants to tolerate stress conditions. However, almost no information is available regarding this gene family in Arachis hypogaea and its progenitors. This study conducts a pangenome-wide investigation of A. hypogaea and its two progenitors, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis CRK genes (AhCRKs, AdCRKs, and AiCRKs). The gene structure, conserved motif patterns, phylogenetic history, chromosomal distribution, and duplication were studied in detail, showing the intraspecies structural conservation and evolutionary patterns. Promoter cis-elements, protein-protein interactions, GO enrichment, and miRNA targets were also predicted, showing their potential functional conservation. Their expression in salt and drought stresses was also comprehensively studied. The CRKs identified were divided into three groups, phylogenetically. The expansion of this gene family in peanuts was caused by both types of duplication: tandem and segmental. Furthermore, positive as well as negative selection pressure directed the duplication process. The peanut CRK genes were also enriched in hormones, light, development, and stress-related elements. MicroRNA (miRNA) also targeted the AhCRK genes, which suggests the regulatory association of miRNAs in the expression of these genes. Transcriptome datasets showed that AhCRKs have varying expression levels under different abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, the multi-stress responsiveness of the AhCRK genes was evaluated using a machine learning-based method, Random Forest (RF) classifier. The 3D structures of AhCRKs were also predicted. Our study can be utilized in developing a detailed understanding of the stress regulatory mechanisms of the CRK gene family in peanuts and its further studies to improve the genetic makeup of peanuts to thrive better under stress conditions.

Centrosomal organization of Cep152 provides flexibility in Plk4 and procentriole positioning.

Centriole duplication is a high-fidelity process driven by Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) and a few conserved initiators. Dissecting how Plk4 and its receptors organize within centrosomes is critical to understand the centriole duplication process and biochemical and architectural differences between centrosomes of different species. Here, at nanoscale resolution, we dissect centrosomal localization of Plk4 in G1 and S phase in its catalytically active and inhibited state during centriole duplication and amplification. We build a precise distribution map of Plk4 and its receptor Cep152, as well as Cep44, Cep192, and Cep152-anchoring factors Cep57 and Cep63. We find that Cep57, Cep63, Cep44, and Cep192 localize in ninefold symmetry. However, during centriole maturation, Cep152, which we suggest is the major Plk4 receptor, develops a more complex pattern. We propose that the molecular arrangement of Cep152 creates flexibility for Plk4 and procentriole placement during centriole initiation. As a result, procentrioles form at variable positions in relation to the mother centriole microtubule triplets.

A Novel Administration Model for Managing and Organising the Heterogeneous Information Security Policy Field

Information security policy (ISP) plays a crucial role in maintaining the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of sensitive data. However, it is of high complexity and heterogeneity due to the variety and redundancy of security policy practices and complexity of organisational systems. Various and duplicate ISP models and frameworks have been offered in the literature. The duplicate security policy practices, procedures, and processes in the existing models have made ISP disorganised, unstructured, and unclear to organisational users. As a result, there is still a need for a standardised and integrated model to make it simpler to share, manage, and reuse ISP practices amongst the organisations. The main objective of this study is to construct a metamodel to unify, organise, and structure ISP practices. By identifying, recognising, extracting, and combining the common information security policy practices from various ISP models in a built ISP metamodel called ISPM, we seek to make it simple for users and field specialists to derive/instantiate security policy models for their organisations. The development and validation process of the ISPM is based on the common security frameworks such as ISO 27001 frameworks. The developed ISPM consists of 19 common security practices: organisation, risk management, access control policy, edit, review, compliance, business management, backup and recovery, incident response, SETA program, security awareness, security training, security education, email security policy, cloud security policy, network security policy, website security policy, physical security policy, and privacy security policy. Each common security practice consists of several operations and attributes. The performance of the developed ISPM was compared to that of other models to evaluate its completeness and logicalness. Using ISO 27001 as a framework, the findings confirmed the comprehensiveness of ISPM. Therefore, it can contribute to organisations’ security by helping them to develop their own security policy models.

FORENSIC RECOVERY ANALYSIS OF LOST RAID 0 CONFIGURATION ON NETWORK ATTACHED STORAGE AS EVIDENCE IN COURT

In the modern world of globalization, Digital Forensic science has emerged as a pivotal investigative tool for solving complex cases. This discipline proves particularly effective in deciphering digital evidence. In this study, we ventured to examine a Network Area Storage (NAS) device, specifically one containing three hard disks. Our objective was to validate that the Hash value generated before the duplication process matches identically with the Hash value post-imaging or duplication. Our findings demonstrate that through reconfiguration and recovery of RAID 0, previously deleted files can be restored using the methods outlined in our research. In essence, this study establishes that: (1) Reconstruction of RAID configurations is feasible, (2) Recovery of deleted files from a RAID 0 system is achievable, and (3) Such restored data can serve as admissible evidence in court.