Delegation Process Research Articles

La construction de l’espace juridique colonial : l’exemple des conflits de maritalité à Pondichéry au tournant du XIXe siècle

In Pondicherry at the turn of the nineteenth century, colonial law was a dual law : the procedures and penalties were different for Indian and European subjects. Among conflicts between Indians, the colonial admi nistration picked out those relating to "usages and customs" and delegated their handling to intermediary assemblies. Through these processes of delegation, the different participants in conflict-resolution took part in the construction of a colonial legal space. The study of marital disputes sheds light on this co-construction, as well as the ways in which actors defined a space of opportunities for women.

Innovative Agency Flow: The Case of Whitewater Paddling Community

This paper investigates the innovation activity in an amateur community. It implements the case study method to analyze the intensive innovation creation process that was going on in the whitewater paddling community during the last two decades of the twentieth century. We apply the notion innovative agency to get a deeper understating of the process of innovation creation, and to identify all actors of innovation. Further we trace the process of innovative agency delegation between actors. We find out that two radical innovations and many incremental innovations emerged in this community. We conclude that their emergence was shaped by creative and competitive environment of the whitewater paddling community.

The fraught ‘menage à trois’ of public actors, private players and inhabitants: Problems of participation in French urban development projects

This paper aims to analyse the possibilities for deploying participative arrangements in French urban projects by focusing on the potential for a shift towards a ‘negotiated project’-type model. Taking the ‘ concertation process’ deployed as part of the City of Paris’ plan to redevelop the Les Halles district between 2002 and 2010, the article sheds light on the two regulatory systems existing side by side, namely, urban project development and consultation. The article discusses a number of explanatory factors: structural aspects linked to how French public bodies are organised, the positions of actors vis-à-vis urban development practices and how these are represented, which is related to the prevalence of a model based on a process of dual delegation of power and know-how. Finally, the paper will demonstrate the key importance of a private partner in the whole decision-making process via ‘institutional consultation’ to the detriment of ‘citizen concertation’. Setting up participative arrangements does not substantially modify planning processes or decision-making systems for French urban development projects. Indeed, changes apparently at work in urban production governance processes raise questions concerning the possibility of incorporating inhabitant participation into public–private partnerships that may minimise public actors’ room for manoeuvre in terms of any dialogue with local residents. With regard to urban design research, this problem suggests a need to rethink the whole urban planning system and to look at all aspects of urban planning organisation, including the interaction between the public, civil society and private actors.

Two Logics of Indirect Governance: Delegation and Orchestration

Most governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. Governors do not govern targets directly, but bring in third parties to increase efficiency, effectiveness or legitimacy. Sometimes these third parties are internal to the governor, as in the case of government bureaucracies, but often they are external, operating at some distance from the governor. It has become common to treat indirect governance as a process of delegation to be analyzed through Principal-Agent theory (the P-A approach). We agree that much indirect governance can be understood in this way. Yet not all indirect governance can be properly understood as P-A delegation. Governors do not always have hard control over their agents. Often they lack the authority or power to grant or rescind third parties’ authority (at acceptable cost), and rely instead on soft inducements to mobilize intermediaries and keep them in line. In a recent book (Abbott et al. 2014a), we develop Orchestrator-Intermediary theory (O-I theory) to analyze soft, indirect forms of governance. Here we introduce O-I theory and contrast it to P-A theory. We highlight the commonalities and differences between orchestration and delegation, discuss the governor’s calculus of choice between them, and consider the relative effectiveness of orchestration.

Governing in the Shadow of Intergovernmental Hierarchy: Delegation Failure and Executive Empowerment in the European Union

This paper develops a model of executive empowerment to explain how and why the European Council has become increasingly involved in ‘policy-setting’ and ‘policy-shaping’ decisions in the European Union (EU). Rather than being driven by intergovernmental power politics, we draw upon rational choice approaches to attribute this to three characteristics of the EU's economic reform agenda: the domestic distributional consequences; the horizontal functional interdependencies; and divergent national policy preferences. The paper suggests that these contribute to two types of delegation failure at the EU level: agenda failure (in the Commission) and negotiation failure (in the Council of Ministers). Utilising principal–agent analysis, we argue that EU-level agents have sought to overcome delegation failure by transferring functional tasks – policy initiation and decision-making – upwards to Member State principals in the European Council. We refer to this counter-intuitive process of reverse delegation as ‘Commission cultivation’ and ‘Council escalation’. These are illustrated using examples from both the Lisbon Strategy (the Services Directive) and Europe 2020 (the Europe 2020 poverty target). The paper contributes to our understanding of EU governance by reasserting the importance of intergovernmental hierarchy in securing credible political commitments at the European level.

Integrating delegation into the undergraduate curriculum.

One of the essential practice skills for registered nurses (RNs) is the delegation of tasks. However, few experiences in RN educational programs directly address the development of delegation skills. Many RNs report not feeling confident in their ability to delegate appropriately upon completing their educational programs. Nurse educators must respond to the need to address delegation in undergraduate nursing curricula. This article describes research evaluating levels of knowledge of and confidence in the delegation process among newly graduated RNs, and explores options for teachable moments about delegation.

Outsourcing and delegation in the post-AIFMD environment

This paper reviews the delegation requirements of the European Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) and what they mean for the hedge fund industry. These new rules cover a number of important and interrelated areas, including the general provision of delegation, providing objective reasons for del­egating, resolving potential conflicts of interest in the delegation process, delegating to third countries outside the European Union, as well as any rules that pertain to the delegation of some specific activities. These activities include the delegation of portfolio or risk management duties and the ability of a depositary to delegate their duties to a third party. Under AIFMD, liability regarding delegation has changed somewhat. In the post-AIFMD world the onus now falls squarely on the manager. It will be difficult under the regulations for managers to blame delegated third parties in the case of errors or problems with a European fund.

Effective Delegation: Understanding Responsibility, Authority, and Accountability

The obligation to provide safe, quality care creates challenges and concerns when registered nurses (RNs) delegate duties to unlicensed assistive personnel. These challenges and concerns are magnified in today's health care environment of shrinking resources; patients with complex, chronic conditions; health care settings with high patient acuity rates; and the use of sophisticated technology. To make safe, effective delegation decisions, RNs must understand the responsibility, authority, and accountability related to delegation. Delegation decisions must be based on the fundamental principle of public protection. This article describes effective delegation by presenting the factors affecting delegation, explaining when and what an RN can delegate, and describing the delegation process.

Delegation Management Modeling in a Security Policy based Environment

Security Policies (SP) constitute the core of communication networks protection infrastructures. It offers a set of rules allowing differentiating between legitimate actions and prohibited ones and consequently, associates each entity in the network with a set of permissions and privileges. Moreover, in today's technological society and to allow applications perpetuity, communication networks must support the collaboration between entities to face up any unavailability or flinching. This collaboration must be governed by security mechanisms according to the established permissions and privileges. Delegation is a common practice that is used to simplify the sharing of responsibilities and privileges. The delegation process in a SP environment can be implanted through the use of adequate formalisms and modeling. The main contribution of this paper is then, the proposition of a generic and formal modeling of delegation process. This modeling is based on three steps composing the delegation life cycle: negotiation used for delegation initiation, verification of the SP respect while delegating and revocation of an established delegation. Hence, we propose to deal with each step according to the main delegation characteristics and extend them by some new specificities.

My private cloud – granting federated access to cloud resources

We describe the research undertaken in the six month JISC/EPSRC funded My Private Cloud project, in which we built a demonstration cloud file storage service that allows users to login to it, by using their existing credentials from a configured trusted identity provider. Once authenticated, users are shown a set of accounts that they are the owners of, based on their identity attributes. Once users open one of their accounts, they can upload and download files to it. Not only that, but they can then grant access to their file resources to anyone else in the federated system, regardless of whether their chosen delegate has used the cloud service before or not. The system uses standard identity management protocols, attribute based access controls, and a delegation service. A set of APIs have been defined for the authentication, authorisation and delegation processes, and the software has been released as open source to the community. A public demonstration of the system is available online.

OAuth 기반의 대리 인증서 위임 서비스

그리드 환경에서 그리드 서비스를 웹 인터페이스 및 웹 서비스로 제공하기 위해 웹 표준 기술에 기반을 둔 그리드-웹 애플리케이션이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 웹 표준 보안 구조에서 위임 인증 방법의 부재로 웹 애플리케이션에 그리드 보안 시스템 GSI를 통합하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 온라인 자격증명 저장 서비스를 이용하여 웹 애플리케이션에서 그리드 자격증명을 사용할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 그리드-웹 애플리케이션과 사용자 간의 상호 신뢰를 전제로 하는 온라인 자격증명 저장 서비스인 MyProxy를 사용하는 방법의 문제점을 분석하고, 상호 신뢰를 바탕으로 하지 않는 그리드 자격증명 위임 서비스를 제안한다. 이 서비스의 자격증명 교환 프로토콜은 OAuth에 X.509 인증 위임 절차를 추가한 것이다. 이 위임 서비스는 그리드-웹 애플리케이션에게 단일 로그온을 제공하고, 하나 이상의 그리드 자격증명을 위임하고 획득할 수 있는 보안 방법을 제공한다. Grid web applications by standard Web technology are increasingly used to provide grid service to users as normal Web user interface and service. It is however difficult to integrate a grid security system such as Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI) into Web applications because the delegation way of standard Web security is not the same as the one of Grid security. This can be solved by allowing Web applications to get a Grid credential by using an online credential repository system such as MyProxy. In this paper, we investigate the problem that occurs when MyProxy, which assumes mutual trust between a user and Grid web application, is adapted for achieving security integration between Web and Grid, and we propose a new Grid proxy delegation service to delegate a Grid credential to the Web without assuming mutual trust. In the service, the X.509 proxy delegation process is added to OAuth protocol for credential exchange, and authentication can be done by an external service such as OpenID. So, users can login onto the Grid web application in a single sign-on manner, and are allowed to securely delegate and retrieve multiple credentials for one or more Virtual Organizations.

Research on Delegation Authorization Model Based on TRBAC and Attribute

Task-role-based access control (TRBAC) model widely used in workflow does not support the delegation strategies and does not consider the characteristics of entities in the system. In order to meet the requirements of delegation in the workflow environment, this paper proposes a delegation model called TRBAC-and-Attribute-based Delegation (TRABD) model. TRABD model introduces the concept of delegation and attribute to TRBAC model. To improve the security of the delegation process, delegation constraints in TRABD model consist of not only delegation condition role (CR), but also attribute constraint (ATC), delegation-role constraint (DRC), delegation constraint (DC). For better flexibility, ATC is divided into three types: strict ATC, weak ATC and user-defined ATC, so that the delegator can temporarily delegate high level permission to low level delegatee. In addition to this, it maintains the advantagement of traditional TRBAC model.

Artifacts that organize: Delegation in the distributed organization

A great deal of research on geographically distributed organizing focuses on communication among members; however, in the face of increasingly large, complex and interdependent infrastructure, scholars must also examine instances of technology-supported coordination that function by replacing rather than enhancing human communication among organizational members. Central to this are complex processes of delegation — in which organizational work and agency are passed back and forth across the shifting line between “social” and “technical” elements. Building on work in the sociology of science, this paper extends the concept of delegation and applies it to thorny questions around the work of sustaining organization over time. We explore two examples from the Open Science Grid (OSG), an initiative that distributes computational resources to geographically dispersed and otherwise loosely coordinated research teams. Our first case is one of successful delegation, as automated access to resources is extended to a new group of distributed scientists. We then turn our attention to a case where the process of delegation breaks down, revealing the usually invisible work needed to sustain “seamless” integration. As these cases show, delegation is complex, fragile, and central to the nature of contemporary organizing. Specifically, delegation: 1) reconfigures the organization of work; 2) transforms how outcomes are accomplished; 3) redistributes responsibility for organizational decision-making; and 4) shifts the visibility and invisibility of both actors and their work.

PENDELEGASIAN PENGATURAN OLEH UNDANG-UNDANG KEPADA PERATURAN YANG LEBIH RENDAH DAN AKIBAT HUKUMNYA

Act is an essential instrument in the rule of law. As the basic for governmental regulation, the accuracy and legality of its drafting process should be placed as the main concern. This article examines such models of delegated legislation. In severe legislation product, some problems regarding the mistaken in the delegation process was still founded. This article recommends the importancy of limiting substance for each level of regulation to avoid redundancy. Regulation synchronization is needed in order to avoid inefficiency and reach the maximum aim of what the regulations made for.Keywords : Delegation of Regulation, The Impact Delegation of Regulation

Avrupa Birliği’nin terörizmle mücadele stratejisi: yeni bir bütünleşme alanı mı?

AB’nin terörizmle mücadele stratejisi üye devletlerin işbirliği ve eşgüdüm çalışmalarını artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bir yandan Avrupa Birliği’nin terörizmle mücadele stratejisi anlaşılmaya çalışılırken, bir yandan da terörizmle mücadele stratejisinin AB içerisinde yeni bir bütünleşme alanı olup olmadığı sorusuna yanıt aranmaktadır. Bütünleşme, belirli bir coğrafi bölgedeki devletlerin daha üst bir otoriteye belli bir alanda yetki aktarma süreci anlamında kullanılmaktadır. Yöntem olarak, AB bünyesinde benimsenen strateji belgelerinin ve konuya ilişkin akademik yazının kritik bir analizi yapılmaktadır. Konunun sınırlılığını belirleyebilmek adına, terörizmle mücadele stratejisinin içerdiği çeşitli politika alanlarından iç güvenlik alanına odaklanılmaktadır

Medication Administration in Nursing Homes: RN Delegation to Unlicensed Assistive Personnel

Medication administration in nursing homes is a complex process that requires careful oversight by registered nurses (RNs) to minimize risks of errors and adverse effects. However, the declining number of RNs in nursing homes requires RNs to delegate some aspects of medication administration to other nursing staff members, including unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Delegating medication administration allows RNs to focus on all aspects of the medication use process, including communicating with physicians about residents' conditions and medication therapy needs as well as assessing and evaluating residents' responses to medication therapy. With a carefully supervised delegation process, UAP should be able to administer medications safely, and RNs can oversee the complex needs of frail, vulnerable nursing home residents.

Enable delegation for RBAC with Secure Authorization Certificate

Our motivation in this paper is to explore a Secure Delegation Scheme that could keep access control information hidden through network transmission. This approach introduces the quasirandom structure, 3-Uniform Hypergraph, as the representation structure for authorization information. It generates a Secure Authorization Certificate (SAC) in place of an Attribute Certificate (AC) to enable both Role-based Access Control (RBAC) and a delegation process for hiding authorization information. We have two contributions in this regard: (1) a value-based delegation scheme and (2) a pattern-based RBAC. A Secure Delegation Scheme is based on the hashing values generated with the quasirandom structure. With this scheme, the delegation process will greatly reduce the risk of sensitive authorization information leakage for applications. In the case of pattern-based access, we introduce a new hash function using quasirandom structure to make a fingerprint 1 1 The term fingerprint is used to refer to a unique pattern. for RBAC. The quasirandom structure derived from k-Uniform Hypergraph has measurable uniformity, which is an advantage over traditional hash functions. Another advantage is that it does not need to access the entire message context to generate the fingerprint which is essential for traditional hash functions such as MD5, SHA-1, etc.

Pairing‐based strong designated verifier proxy signature scheme with low cost

ABSTRACTA proxy signature (PS) scheme has crucial benefits to the delegation operations in an organization. To further provide PS schemes with the property of confidentiality, in this paper, we propose a strong designated verifier PS scheme from pairings. The proposed scheme allows an authorized proxy signer to generate a valid PS on behalf of an original signer such that only the intended verifier is capable of validating it. Besides, the designated verifier cannot transfer the proof to convince any third party, which is referred to as non‐transferability. Compared with previous works, ours has lower computational costs. Especially, the delegation process of our proposed scheme is pairing free. Moreover, the security requirement of unforgeability against existential forgery under adaptive chosen‐message attacks is formally proven in the random oracle model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

CONSTRAINTS TO PRINCIPALS’ DELEGATION OF RESPONSIBILITY TO TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA

This research paper presents the principals’ practices in delegating responsibility to teachers in public secondary schools in Kenya. A random sample of 20 secondary schools was used where 120 teachers filled questionnaires, and 20 principals from the selected schools were interviwed. Both the questionnaire and interview guide were designed based on six research questions. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methodology. The study revealed that responsibilities related to financial decisions were not delegated. Teachers needed to consult before making any decisions on delegated responsibilities. There was little preparation of teachers for delegated responsibility; had limited opportunity to attend seminars and staff development programmes; little support was given to them, and had little or no guidance from the principals. Lack of finances, inadequate training, understaffing, and lack of cooperation among the teachers constrained the process of delegation. It is suggested, among other recommendations, that schools should be adequately financed and staffed, while motivation and staff development programmes need to enhancement in order toimprove the effectiveness of the delegation process. Key words: consult, delegating, leadership, responsibility, school principals.

Macroprudential Policies and Financial Stability*

This article attempts to assess to what extent the central bank or the government should respond to developments that can cause financial instability, such as housing or asset bubbles, overextended budgetary policies or excessive public and household debt. To analyse this question, we set up a simple reduced-form model in which monetary and fiscal policy interact, and imbalances (bubbles) can occur in the medium-run. Considering several scenarios with both benevolent and idiosyncratic policy-makers, the analysis shows that the answer depends on a number of characteristics of the economy, as well as on the monetary and fiscal policy preferences with respect to inflation and output stabilisation. We show that socially optimal financial instability prevention should be carried out by: (i) both monetary and fiscal policy (sharing region) under some circumstances; and (ii) fiscal policy only (specialisation region) under others. There is, however, a moral hazard problem: both policy-makers have an incentive to be insufficiently pro-active in safeguarding financial stability and shift the responsibility to the other policy. Specifically, under a range of circumstances, we obtain a situation in which neither policy mitigates instability threats (indifference region). These results can be related to the build-up of the current global financial crisis, and have strong implications for the optimal design of the delegation process.