Circulation Processes Research Articles

Effect of Meal Timings and Meal Content on the AUC0-12h of Mycophenolic Acid: A Simulation Study.

Meal timings and content related to gallbladder emptying in the enterohepatic circulation are important for explaining the high variability in mycophenolic acid exposure. The limited sampling strategy (LSS) was established to estimate the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 12 hours (AUC0-12h ) of mycophenolic acid in therapeutic drug monitoring. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of meal timings and content on the AUC0-12h of mycophenolic acid and to assess the influence of meals on LSS. A mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetic model with a mechanism-based enterohepatic circulation process was employed to perform simulations under various assumed meal scenarios. The simulations were compared to evaluate the effect of meal timings and meal content on mycophenolic acid AUC0-12h . Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the meal parameter with the greatest impact on mycophenolic acid AUC0-12h as a variable. The corresponding LSS equations were established, and the predictive performance was assessed. Both the meal timings and meal content affected the mycophenolic acid AUC0-12h , and the postdose fasting period had the greatest impact. The predictive performance of the LSS is sensitive to the postdose fasting period. Therefore, meal timings may improve the estimation of mycophenolic acid AUC0-12h and the efficacy of therapeutic drug monitoring.

Penerapan Sistem Informasi Presensi Pengunjung Perpustakaan Berbasis RFID di SMA Negeri 1 Pamekasan

SMA Negeri 1 Pamekasan is one of the favorite schools in Pamekasan Regency which was the International Standard School Pioneer (RSBI) in 2009-2014. However, library activities are still carried out completely manually. Visiting library members are not properly recorded, many problems occur during the circulation process, difficulties in searching for books, book collections are not completely recorded and without labeling, they are only stored in excel form. This will hinder the process of reporting and presenting data in statistical form. The solution offered by the Community Service (PKM) team with the 2019 RISTEKDIKTI funding source is to switch to a digital library based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to facilitate visitor recapitulation, book collection searches, circulation processes and bibliography. The digital library is designed with a client server network topology and uses a modified SLIM application so that it can be integrated with the use of RFID cards. The RFID card functions as a library membership card as well as a student card, Teacher and Tu ID card. All library members have used their identity cards to carry out transactions at the library including attendance by sticking the card on the smartcard reader, borrowing and returning reading books

Wuthering heights’ three Chinese translated versions’ reception in China: Translation, publication, and dissemination

This study aims to explore the reception of Wuthering Heights in China by conducting comparative study on its three Chinese-translated versions, which were published in three periods, to examine how these versions have been translated, published, and disseminated. This study applies historical and archival research methods, close reading methods and comparative methods. The researchers collected the data from the original text of Wuthering Heights and its three Chinese-translated versions, relevant monographs, academic papers and information about the three versions. The academic papers were collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the most authoritative database in China for scientific publications. The information of the three versions was obtained from the Chinese online Chaoxing database, which is the most extensive database that provides information on books based on big data. First, the researchers explored the translation journey of Wuthering Heights in China and the information of its three representative versions that appeared at different times. Second, the researchers investigated the publication route of the three versions, concentrating on the information of the publishing houses, the formats of the three versions and the reprint edition. Third, the researchers analyzed the dissemination of the three versions in the Chinese literary field, focusing on the library collections, citations and academic circle comments. This paper concludes that the translation and circulation process of the three versions promoted the dissemination of Wuthering Heights in China to a great extent. The reasons for the extensive dissemination of Wuthering Heights in China are its excellent charm, translators and scholars’ efforts and Chinese readers’ passion for it.

Sunlight–Triggered Synergetic Facilitation of Hematite and Lactobacillus: A Vital Enhanced Carbon Conversion Pathway in Nature

Sunlight–triggered mineral–microbial interaction is extensively involved in the material circulation and energy flow process in the global system, accompanied by element cycle including carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Here, the phenomenon of enhanced carbon conversion efficiency between Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) and natural hematite was demonstrated for the first time. In dual–chamber system, the average speed of glucose consumption would promote above 109% and the electrons transfer efficiency was promoted 17.9%, which compared with ‘L. lactis (Dark).’ It indicated a burgeoning electron transfer pathway between the L. lactis and hematite under light illumination. To simulate a blend system in nature, there was also almost 2 times promotion under the light condition in shake–flask system. Furthermore, for further close to natural environments about sunlight triggered facilitation, the systems of the hybrid colony (Lactobacillus)–hematite and hybrid colony–red soil were structured. Notably, glucose consumption in light–hematite condition (0.38 ± 0.085 g/L) was 2.23 times higher than ‘L. lactis (Dark)’ condition, which verified that the facilitated carbon source consumption process of Lactobacillus occurring in nature was prevalent widely. Nevertheless, it was an underappreciated carbon conversion pathway in nature, our research may have great significance for a more comprehensive understanding of the carbon cycle in nature.

Effects of water quality and bacterial community composition on dissolved organic matter structure in Daihai lake and the mechanisms

The migration of organic matter in salinized lakes was critical in maintaining ecological balance and material circulation process of inland shallow lakes. To clarify the ecological and microbial mechanism of material transport and transformation, the microbial community structure and the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the sediment of Daihai Lake, a typical saline lake at the Yellow River Basin, were explored with three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence (3DEEM), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and 16 S rRNA techniques. The correlation between environmental factors, DOM composition and the bacterial community structure were also studied for identifying the key factors of community formation. DOM in the lake demonstrated both terrigenous and endogenous characteristics. Protein-like materials accounted for 74% of the total fluorescence intensity in the sediment, where 1127 species, 671 genera, 468 families, 157 classes, 317 orders, 59 phyla of microorganisms were detected. Among the top 10 abundant taxa of each level, Firmicutes, Actinobacterota, Acidimicrobiia and Alphaproteobacteria had the greatest influence on the composition and structure of DOM (|R| > 0.7, p < 0.01). Microbial metabolism was a key process of transforming sediment organic matter from terrestrial humic-like to protein-like matter, accounting for 81% of total fluorescence signal in saline lake samples, while salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity also had significant impacts during the process (|R|>0.7, p < 0.05). The research provides fundamental data and enlightenment for the improvement of the saline inland lake environment.

Numerical Experiments of Temperature Mixing and Post-Storm Re-Stratification over the Louisiana Shelf during Hurricane Katrina (2005)

Studying mixing and re-stratification during and after hurricanes have important implications for the simulation of circulation and bio-geochemical processes in oceanic and shelf waters. Numerical experiments using FVCOM on an unstructured computational mesh were implemented to study the direct effect of hurricane winds on the mixing and temperature redistribution of the stratified Louisiana shelf during Hurricane Katrina (2005), as well as the post-storm re-stratification timescale. The model was forced by Katrina’s wind stress obtained from a combination of H-Wind database and NCEP model. The climatological profiles of temperature and salinity for August (the month in which Katrina occurred) from the world ocean atlas (WOA, 2013) were used as the pre-storm conditions over the shelf. Model results for sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed layer depth (MLD) were validated versus SST data from an optimally interpolated satellite product, and the MLD was calculated from the heat budget equation of the mixed layer. Model results were used to examine the temporal and spatial responses of SST and MLD over the shelf to Katrina. Results showed that intense mixing occurred within 1–1.1 RMW (RMW is the radius of maximum wind for Katrina), with turbulent mixing as the dominant mixing force for regions far from the eye, although upwelling was an important contributor to modulating SST and MLD. During the peak of Katrina and for the shelf regions severely affected by the hurricane wind, three distinct temperature zones were formed across the water column: an upper mixed layer, a transition zone, and a lower upwelling zone. Shelf re-stratification started from 3 h to more than two weeks after the landfall, depending on the distance from the track. The mixing during Hurricane Katrina affected the seasonal summertime hypoxic zone over the Louisiana shelf and likely contributed to the water column re-oxygenation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma: Novel understandings and therapeutic strategies based on bile acids (Review)

Bile acids (BAs) are the major components of bile and products of cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol is catalyzed by a variety of enzymes in the liver to form primary BAs, which are excreted into the intestine with bile, and secondary BAs are formed under the modification of the gut microbiota. Most of the BAs return to the liver via the portal vein, completing the process of enterohepatic circulation. BAs have an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which may participate in the progression of HCC by recognizing receptors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and mediating multiple downstream pathways. Certain BAs, such as ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid, were indicated to be able to delay liver injury and HCC progression. In the present review, the structure and function of BAs were introduced and the metabolism of BAs and the process of enterohepatic circulation were outlined. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which BAs participate in the development of HCC were summarized and possible strategies for targeting BAs and key sites of their metabolic processes to treat HCC were suggested.

Study on Cold Chain Logistics Operation and Risk Control of Fresh e-Commerce Products

With the rapid development of the Internet, my country’s e-commerce market has been very active in recent years, and the number of e-commerce platforms and the volume of product transactions have achieved rapid development. However, through the investigation of the main circulation products of e-commerce brands, it can be found that the output value of my country’s e-commerce industry as a whole in the fresh food field is very low. Many fresh products are prone to various risks during the circulation process, resulting in large losses on the platform and online agricultural products e-commerce. There is a shortage of fresh cold chain equipment and cold chain technicians, which directly affects the stable and healthy development of fresh cold chain logistics in China. This paper analyzes the existing operation mode of e-commerce, analyzes the main bottleneck of the operation of the fresh cold chain, and puts forward corresponding suggestions to enhance the awareness of risk control, so as to better promote the benign operation of agricultural products cold logistics and provide some reference for the optimization of e-commerce fresh cold chain logistics.

Non‐Tidal Background Modeling for Satellite Gravimetry Based on Operational ECWMF and ERA5 Reanalysis Data: AOD1B RL07

AbstractThe Atmosphere and Ocean De‐Aliasing Level‐1B (AOD1B) product provides a priori information about temporal variations in the Earth's gravity field induced by non‐tidal circulation processes in atmosphere and ocean. It is routinely applied as a background model in the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)/GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) satellite gravimetry data processing. We here present three new datasets in preparation for the upcoming release RL07 of AOD1B, that are based on either the global ERA5 reanalysis or the ECMWF operational data together with simulations from the Max‐Planck‐Institute for Meteorology general circulation model forced consistently with the fields of the same atmospheric data set. The oceanic simulations newly include an updated bathymetry around Antarctica including cavities under the ice shelves, the explicit implementation of the feedback effects of self‐attraction and loading to ocean dynamics as well as a refined harmonic tidal analysis. Comparison to the current release of AOD1B in terms of GRACE‐FO K‐band range‐acceleration pre‐fit residuals, LRI line‐of‐sight gravity differences and band‐pass filtered altimetry data reveals an overall improvement in the representation of the high‐frequency mass variability. Potential benefits of enhancing the temporal resolution remain inconclusive so that the upcoming release 07 will be sampled again every 3 hr.

High-performance flexible SnO2 anode boosted by an N-doped graphite coating layer for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries

Tin dioxide (SnO2) with multiple electron transport is considered as a potential substitute for graphite due to these advantages of natural abundance, environmental friendliness, and high theoretical capacity. However, the ineluctable volume change and structural crushing limit its practical application. Hence, SnO2 is coated by an N-doped graphite layer to form the flexible composite anode (SnO2@NG), which can provide a conductive network, increase the electronic conductivity, and effectively mitigate the irreversible volume expansion/contraction during the circulation process. Furthermore, the SnO2@NG anode shows a high specific capacity and stable cycle performance in lithium-ion batteries (677.7 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles) and sodium-ion batteries (169.7 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles). This excellent electrochemical performance illustrates that SnO2@NG has broad application prospects for high-performance energy storage systems.

How to interpret arterial blood gas results.

Arterial blood gas analysis is designed to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the acid-base (pH) balance. Arterial blood gas analysis can assist healthcare professionals to evaluate respiration, circulation and metabolic processes in deteriorating patients. Arterial blood gas analysis is usually undertaken by a trained healthcare professional where patients are acutely unwell or deteriorating. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: 'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of.

Strategies of SAGD Start-Up by Downhole Electrical Heating

The SAGD start-up process normally circulates steam in both the injector and producer, which consumes a large amount of steam, requires the high cost of high-temperature-produced liquid treatment, and unavoidably results in preferential communication in heterogeneous reservoirs. In order to achieve uniform preheat and full steam chamber development in SAGD wellpairs, downhole electrical heating to start up SAGD was proposed and investigated in this study using physical and numerical simulation approaches. Two 3-D scaled physical experiments were designed and implemented to investigate the feasibility and heating characteristics of such a method. Numerical simulation was conducted using an SAGD sector model with typical field properties to design the preheating process, optimize key operational parameters, and formulate the soak strategy to determine the SAGD conversion timing. The experimental results indicate that electrical heating outperforms steam circulation in achieving the uniform thermal communication in heterogeneous reservoirs, which is challenged in the conventional steam circulation process. The preheating process and operational parameters of electrical heating were formulated and optimized, which include wellbore pre-flush, wellbore saturation by heat conduction fluid, electrical heating, and replacement of heat conduction fluid periodically. Surveillance of temperature difference along the horizontal section while powering off electrical heating intermittently is optimized to be the SAGD conversion timing determination strategy. Based on the combination results of scaled physical simulation and pilot wellpair numerical simulation, full heat communication and steam chamber development are achieved along the horizontal length by electrical preheating, and the oil recovery factor of the pilot wellpair is enhanced by 14.8%, indicating encouraging potentials in heavy oil and bitumen development.

Numerical Investigation of the Sediment Hyperpycnal Flow in the Yellow River Estuary

Sediment hyperpycnal flow is one of the most important processes for mass transport, which is essential to coastal morphodynamics. Herein, we studied the generation and maintenance of the sediment hyperpycnal flow in the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) using a three-dimensional finite volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM). The model considered the effect of sediment-laden water on density stratification, and was validated by field hydrodynamic and sediment data. Numerical results revealed that the hyperpycnal flow shows periodic characteristics with tidal cycles where the flow is weakened during flood tides and enhanced during ebb tides. A high suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of about 30–40 kg/m3 constitutes an important factor in the formation of hyperpycnal flows. High river discharge with high SSC is essential for maintaining the hyperpycnal flow in the YRE. The Simpson potential energy theory was applied to study the processes of estuarine circulation, tidal straining, and tidal stirring in the YRE. The tidal straining is the main control factor of the periodic stratification-mixing process of hyperpycnal flows in the YRE. Along the axis of the river mouth, the momentum balance is mainly dominated by the pressure gradient and advection.

The ephemeral blink of an eye

Jean-Luc Godard’s recent films, Adieu au Langage (2014) and Le Livre d’Image (2018), seem to amplify his already known concern with making cinema from cinematographic matter itself. In cinema, historically, the clash between singularity and standardization of experience has always been present. Today, complex systems of cultural legitimation that permeate the production chain work as filters for what can be seen and preserved as an archive. This work proposes some reflections on the fleetingness of the filmic experience present in the multiple processes of circulation and preservation of archives as a material framing of memory.

DEVELOPMENT OF NONLINEAR MODEL OF NPP STEAM GENERATOR FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF CONTROL OPTIMIZATION

Steam generators of modern power units of nuclear power plants are critical elements of power units and are subject to modernization. Identification of the steam generator model for optimizing the control of the steam generator is an urgent task. The purpose of this article is to develop a nonlinear mathematical model of a steam generator in relative variables for its use in information technology for optimizing control. Mathematical models of heat transfer and steam formation processes in a steam generator are presented in the form of systems of differential equations in relative variables. These models are intended for simulation modeling of thermal processes in a steam generator. Thermal processes are associated with the supply of feed water to the steam generator from the water treatment system and coolant from the nuclear reactor, as well as with the removal of steam from the steam generator to the main steam collector. According to the law of conservation of the momentum of the working medium in the circulation circuit of the steam generator under the evaporation mirror, a nonlinear differential equation for the process of circulation of the steam-water mixture is obtained. A nonlinear differential equation has been developed to calculate the derivative of the steam flow through the evaporation mirror in relative variables. The equations for the auxiliary equipment – the main steam header, the steam turbine valve actuator and the control feed valve actuator – are reduced to relative variables. Using the equations of heat transfer, steam formation, circulation and auxiliary equipment, a nonlinear model of the steam generator in the state space as a control object in relative variables is constructed. Formulas are given for calculating the values of the constant parameters of the steam generator model from the values of its design and technological parameters. A program for a nonlinear mathematical model of the PGV-1000 steam generator has been developed, which is included in the information technology steam generator model module. This will make it possible to solve the problems of identifying and optimizing the information control system of the water level in the steam generator PGV-1000 of the power unit with a nuclear reactor VVER-1000.

Understanding Money & Credit in Contemporary Capitalism: Back to the Future of Marx's Theory of Fetishism and Alienation

In this article, I propose a reading of Marx’s theory of money and credit through his concepts of fetishism and alienation. Such a reading provides us with a theoretical apparatus, useful to understand key dynamics of contemporary capitalism. Particularly, the concepts of fetishism and alienation do not only provide a key to understanding the current working of finance in terms, thus offering additional insights to financialisation, but rather reveals how exactly certain contradictions embedded in the money circulation process affect the dynamics of financial crises.

THE AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BUILDING ENVELOPES USING THE EXAMPLE OF CARBON-REINFORCED CONCRETE

As a result of climate change, more ecological building materials are continuously developed and find their way into the construction industry. These new building constructions also require new manufacturing technologies. Using examples from research and industry show how partial and complete automation can be used for the practical and individual series production of facade elements made of new building materials such as carbon concrete. The focus is on the complete internal production of some subcomponents. Thus, on the analogy of the production of steel reinforcement onsite in the precast plant, reinforcements made of textile-based materials can also be produced individually in a circulation process down to batch sizes of one without trimming and therefore without waste. The dependence on intermediate product manufacturers can be eliminated and supply bottlenecks avoided. This rethinking of their plant production enables precast producers to manufacture economically and ecologically optimized reinforcements from carbon fibers and integrate them into their circulation process. This adapted production of semi-finished and finished parts made of carbon concrete is implemented similar to the production of precast reinforced concrete elements on existing plant components. Here, too, examples from research and industry are used to demonstrate the need for adaptation in the conventional manufacturing process.

Comparative effectiveness of adding Omega-3 or Vitamin D to standard therapy in preventing and treating episodes of painful crisis in pediatric sickle cell patients.

Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA), also called the Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), is an inherited hematological disorder characterized by a syndrome of acute anemia and a painful crisis. The sickling hemoglobin, Hgb-S causes viscosity and inflammation of blood vessels. Eventually, the red blood cells get eliminated from the circulation process, which leads to hemolytic anemia. This study examined the comparative effectiveness of supplementation of Omega-3 or vitamin-D to standard therapy (hydroxyurea + Ibuprofen) used for prevention and treatment of pain crises in pediatric patients living with SCD. 165 patients participated in this randomized, double-blind, standard therapy-controlled, parallel-design trial. The patients were randomly divided into three groups, receiving three capsules of either 1,000 mg Omega-3 fish oil (400 mg EPA and 300 mg DHA) or 1.5 mL vitamin-D (2,800 IU/7 ml) daily for 10 months plus the standard therapy. Lactate dehydrogenase, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hematocrit, reticulocyte count, and white-blood-cell count were determined at baseline (month zero) and end of the 10th month. The pain severity was measured using the visual analog scale method (VAS). Therefore, a 10-cm ruler with a VAS design was used to determine the patient pain intensity. The baseline time point was defined as the time spot before starting to deliver the experimental medication to the patients (month zero). At that time, the biodata of the patient on the frequency of pain episodes and the rest of the variables were collected, and the baseline data were one-year retrospective data. Of 165 patients enrolled in the trial, 150 were included in the final analysis. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in serum LDL and HDL in the Omega-3 group as compared with the control group (mean of 82 mg/dL vs. 57 mg/dL; p < 0.01 and mean of 47 mg/dL vs. 43 mg/dL; p < 0.028, respectively). Other laboratory parameters were significantly influenced. The number of painful crises and pain levels was significantly decreased in the Omega-3 group compared with the control group (mean of one-episode vs. mean of three episodes; p = 0.01, mean of three on pain scale vs. six on pain scale; p = 0.018). Results showed that Omega-3 was more effective than vitamin-D or standard treatment alone relative to pain crises and most of the other studied items. Vitamin-D was more effective than standard therapy alone. Clinicians should consider the addition of Omega-3 supplements to the standard therapy and a de-escalation dose plan for the hydroxyurea medication.

Science communication herstories: reflecting on the Greek feminist birth control movement of the 1970s and 1980s

For decades, science communication has been occupied with the discussion regarding democracy, equality, equity, inclusion, participation, and engagement in knowledge production and circulation processes and practices. As a continuously flourishing field, its scope has been expanded recently towards the intertwinement, interaction and intersection of the public presence of science, gender and sexuality. This paper aims to contribute to this ongoing discussion, addressing theoretical, methodological and ethical concerns that I faced when conducting research about the sociopolitical aspects of (dis)appearance of knowledge and the multiple communication practices in the case of the Greek feminist birth control movement in the 1970s and 1980s. More specifically, I draw attention to the following points: (1) the question of atypical archives; (2) the question of the concept of the public; and (3) the question of boundaries. Science communication can happen in unexpected places, especially when it is generated by marginalised social groups. The issues addressed indicate the theoretical and methodological awareness needed, and the related possibilities for prioritising inclusion and diversity in science communication. This focus could reveal the rich content of science communication as a social practice, offering tools for tracing invisible or lost herstories of production and circulation of knowledge from a historical perspective.

Impact of terrestrial biosphere on the atmospheric CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; concentration across Termination V

Abstract. Among the 100 kyr climatic cycles of the Late Pleistocene, Termination V (TV, ∼ 433–404 kyr BP), the fifth last deglaciation, stands out for its minimum in astronomical forcing associated paradoxically with maxima in sea level, Antarctic temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration. However, the driving mechanisms explaining TV remain only partially understood. For instance, climate models cannot fully represent the atmospheric CO2 variation observed in paleoclimate data. Aside from essential oceanic circulation processes, there is increasing evidence that terrestrial biosphere may have played a key role in the global carbon cycle. This study proposes a three-step integrated approach, combining regional and global vegetation records with modelling results, to unveil the evolution of terrestrial biosphere and its contribution to the carbon cycle during TV. First, we provide a new high-resolution (∼ 700 years) deep-sea pollen record from the Gulf of Cádiz (site U1386, 36∘49.680′ N; 7∘45.320′ W) for TV, which shows a moderate expansion of the Mediterranean forest. We then construct the first global forest pollen database for this period. Our compilation features distinct evolutions for different types of forest, highlighting a strong development of temperate and boreal forest which might have delayed the atmospheric CO2 increase during TV. Finally, the direct comparison of global simulated forests (iLOVECLIM model) to our pollen database reveals overall consistent temperate and boreal forest evolutions despite model biases, thereby supporting the hypothesis of a significant CO2 sequestration by middle and high-latitude forests of the Northern Hemisphere shortly after the onset of TV.