Rice Processing Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF BAY LEAF GARLIC DECOCTIONON ON LOW CHOLINESTERASE LEVELS DUE TO PESTICIDE EXPOSURE IN FARMERS IN PASURUAN

Background: Pesticides are chemicals used by farmers to control and kill pests and diseases. Pesticides can poison humans, although their main use is to control and kill agricultural pests. Pesticide poisoning is still a problem that often occurs in society.
 Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of garlic and bay leaf decoction in increasing cholinesterase levels of farmers exposed to pesticides in Pasuruan Raya.
 Methods: The design of this study was a pre-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest with a population of rice processing farmers in Pasuruan Raya. The sample size used was 20 farmers taken by purposive sampling. The independent variable was the administration of a decoction of garlic and bay leaf for fifteen days, the dependent variable was the level of cholinesterase in the blood. Data were analyzed using paired sample t test.
 Conclusion: The use of garlic and bay leaf decoction in this study is a complementary therapy given to farmers as a regulator of reducing cholinesterase levels which is an indicator of the accumulation of pesticides in the body. It is expected to be an effective and efficient solution. it is hoped that farmers will be able to independently maintain their health through smart techniques in utilizing local wisdom resources by cultivating materials, managing, preparing and processing natural materials into medicines that can be done independently, not only able to improve health status but also provide opportunities for development into business ventures creative economy that can increase income and economic welfare.

Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of the production of biodiesel from rice-straw in China

Rice straw (RS) is the residue obtained during the rice processing process, and is recognized as one of the most abundant biomass resources in the world. Approximately 800 million to 1 billion tons of rice straw are produced globally every year, and most of them are considered general waste and typically end up in landfills or incineration. This approach wastes resources and can also lead to environmental pollution. In the current study, the RS was used as the source of biodiesel production and a comprehensive process model of the RS valorization process was developed to evaluate the energy flow, production efficiency, production costs, and greenhouse gas emissions in Hunan Province, China. The evaluation results showed that the energy efficiency of biodiesel production from rice straw and the overall energy efficiency of the rice straw valorization process are reported as 52.1% and 56.1%, respectively. The minimum selling price of biodiesel, which is CNY 3.03/kg, is considerably lower than the current market prices for similar products in China. The largest proportion of the production cost of biodiesel is the cost of natural gas, followed by utilities, capital, transportation, plant maintenance and overheads, consumables, labor, and waste disposal. For the current RS valorization plant with a 5000 kg/h RS feed rate, the investment payback times are 8.9 yr and 7.1 yr when the biodiesel is sold at the lowest (CNY 4/kg) and highest (CNY 4.6/kg) market price, respectively. Environmental analysis shows that the greenhouse gas emissions intensity of biodiesel production is 75.8 g CO2eq/MJ, which is only about 52% of traditional fossil diesel and indicating that biodiesel is an environmentally friendly energy source.

Unboxing the bZIP transcription factor family exhibiting their role under cold and salt stresses in indica rice

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) extensively studied transcription factor family and has been implicated in abiotic stress resistance in eukaryotes. Genes encoded by bZIP govern changes in molecular, physiological, and biological processes in response to abiotic stimuli. Developments in molecular knowledge and easy access to the drafted genome of indica rice open ways to explore bZIP and related features within the indica rice genome. We identified 82 TFs encoding bZIPs in the indica rice genome. The identified 82 bZIPs are unevenly distributed across all 12 chromosomes. The identified bZIP family expansion in the indica rice genome is mainly by segmental duplication relative to tandem duplication. The gene structure analysis exhibited that most genes are intron-less and distributed among all phylogenetic groups. We identified 20 different conserved motifs, supporting that bZIPs regulate the different biological processes in rice. The comparative phylogenetic analysis of indica rice bZIPs with Arabidopsis categorized the genes into 11 different groups, having several orthologs and paralogs. Apart from the comparative analysis, gene ontology (GO) analysis illustrated the involvement of bZIPs in different biological processes and the interaction between different processes are important for the metabolic activity of a living organism.Moreover, KEGG pathway analysis identified the 23 bZIPs involved in pathogen infection, carotenoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism. Among 23 genes, 12 genes were selected for the expression analysis under salt and cold stress treatments in the Khusboo-95 indica rice variety. In this research, LOC_Os01g17260.2, LOC_Os02g52780.1, and LOC_Os09g10840.1 showed upregulated expression under salt stress conditions. This genome-wide analysis allows researchers to functionally characterize the genes, involved in different abiotic stresses that could be beneficial to improve plant performance under challenging conditions.

Combined metabolomics and flavoromics to follow the fermentation process in sweet fermented rice (Khao-Mak)

Combined metabolomics and flavoromics to follow the fermentation process in sweet fermented rice (Khao-Mak)

Differences in the metabolites of brown and milled rice grains of semiwaxy and conventional japonica varieties.

In this study, we analyzed the differences in metabolites between semiwaxy japonica rice (Yangnongxiang 28 [YNX28]) and conventional japonica rice (Hongyang 5 [HY5]) before and after brown rice milling. The metabolites of brown and milled rice grains from the two rice varieties were analyzed by LC-MS-based nontargeted metabolomics. A total of 266 differentially abundant metabolites (DMs) were tentatively identified in brown rice grains of YNX28 (YNX28B) compared with milled rice grains of YNX28 (YNX28H), and these included 248 upregulated and 12 downregulated DMs. A total of 273 (234 upregulated and 39 downregulated) DMs were tentatively identified in brown rice grains of HY5 (HY5B) compared with milled rice grains of this variety (HY5H). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway involved and enrichment analyses revealed that 53 and 7 metabolite pathways were enriched and significantly enriched (p<0.05), respectively, in the DMs identified in YNX28B compared with YNX28H, and the main enriched pathways were related to starch and sucrose metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Forty-six metabolite pathways were enriched in DMs identified in HY5B compared with HY5H, and these included 16 pathways that were significantly enriched (p<0.05); in addition, the main enriched pathways were related to starch and sucrose metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. This study provides a theoretical reference for further on the changes in metabolites during rice processing and provides a basis for improving the nutritional quality in rice. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Original data were obtained regarding the changes of different metabolites in semiwaxy japonica rice and conventional japonica rice before and after processing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of metabolite loss in two rice varieties before and after processing. This paper reports on the differences of metabolites between the two types of japonica rice before and after processing, as well as the changes of key metabolites before and after processing, it also provides important theoretical basis for developing new rice varieties with good nutritional quality.

Simulation of the movement of rice grains in a centrifugal huller by discrete element method and the influence of blade shape

Problems of low one-time hulling ratio and high grain breakage can occur during rice processing. Understanding the interaction mechanism between grains and blade in a centrifugal huller is the key to improving its performance. In this study, the discrete element method was used to simulate the movement of rice in centrifugal huller. The feasibility of simulation and particle modelling was confirmed by experiments. The results showed that some grains can lack the necessary acceleration, which can lead to the velocity difference between grains. With increasing radial position, the orientation angle of grains gradually changed to angles that were not conducive to hulling. The friction work done by the blade to the grains causes reductions in the rotational kinetic energy of the grains. When the grains are located alongside the upper or the lower layers of the huller wall, the proportion of grains moving at their optimal hulling angle is greater and the long axis of grain tends to be adjusted to become parallel to the baffle. Based on the principle of minimising the rebound of grains on the blades and reducing the rotational kinetic energy of grains themselves, a new type of V-shaped concave blade was investigated. Compared with original blade, the hulling ratio was increased by 8% and breakage ratio was decreased by 7.33% using the concave blade. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the design of centrifugal huller or similar grain processing equipment.

The rice SnRK family: biological roles and cell signaling modules.

Stimulus-activated signaling pathways orchestrate cellular responses to control plant growth and development and mitigate the effects of adverse environmental conditions. During this process, signaling components are modulated by central regulators of various signal transduction pathways. Protein phosphorylation by kinases is one of the most important events transmitting signals downstream, via the posttranslational modification of signaling components. The plant serine and threonine kinase SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) family, which is classified into three subgroups, is highly conserved in plants. SnRKs participate in a wide range of signaling pathways and control cellular processes including plant growth and development and responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Recent notable discoveries have increased our understanding of how SnRKs control these various processes in rice (Oryza sativa). In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the roles of OsSnRK signaling pathways in plant growth, development, and stress responses and discuss recent insights. This review lays the foundation for further studies on SnRK signal transduction and for developing strategies to enhance stress tolerance in plants.

Encapsulation of Rice Bran Oil (RBO) by Complex Coacervation Using Glutaraldehyde as Crosslinking Agent

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract.&lt;/strong&gt; Rice bran is a significant by-product of the processing of rice, and rice bran oil (RBO) can be extracted from it to provide a very valuable product. It has a high smoke point but is less stable in the heating process. Further research is carried out to increase the stability of Rice Bran Oil in its utilization. Many environmentally friendly methods are being developed in storing and packaging food, including the application of microencapsulation. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of glutaraldehyde crosslinking agent on rice bran oil microencapsulation by utilizing the natural polymers of kappa carrageenan, glucomannan, and chitosan as encapsulants using the coacervation method. Microcapsules were analyzed for their encapsulation efficiency and yield and were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Results show that increasing the amount of glutaraldehyde tends to increase the yield and efficiency of encapsulation. A yield of 49.20% was obtained by adding 1 mL of glutaraldehyde with an encapsulation efficiency of 48.22%. All samples have irregular shapes and the surfaces were rough and folded. FTIR spectra show that all samples indicated the presence of RBO as well as other polymers used in the research: carrageenan, chitosan, and glucomannan. The results of PSA show that particles are in micron size except for the addition of 1 mL glutaraldehyde.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;Rice Bran Oil. Glutaraldehyde, Complex Coacervation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Assessment of Rice Status in Terai Madhesh Cluster (TMC) of Nepal

This study was carried out in the 21 districts of Terai Madhesh Cluster (TMC) from Ilam in East to Kanchanpur in West by adopting the data from Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Singhadurbar, Kathmandu from 2000/01 to 2019/20. The main objective of this study is to review the status of rice at Terai Madhesh Cluster (TMC) of Nepal through trend analysis and to assess the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis and intervention strategy development. The growth rate in the area of rice was found in ‘Decreasing Trend’ while the growth rate of production of rice was found in ‘Increasing Trend’ within TMC. The average annual growth rate in the yield of rice in both TMC and National level was found in increasing trend but the average annual growth of rice yield in TMC was found comparatively higher than national level in past 2 decades which clearly indicates TMC as rice basket of Nepal. The SWOT analysis of rice sub-sector had found the need of strengthening the inputs, production, marketing, and processing and value addition strategies of rice. Hence, the government of Nepal should have to either formulate new or amend existing Land Use Policy to stop the decreasing trend in the growth rate of area of rice. Similarly, inputs, production, marketing, and processing and value addition strategies of rice should be further strengthened in order to maintain food security in country with overall prosperity.

Pembbuatan Hair Tonic Dengan Memanfaatkan Air Limbah Cucian Beras Putih

Abstract Making hair tonic products aims to process white rice washing waste water into a hair tonic product, get the right formula for making hair tonic products by utilizing white rice washing waste water, and find out people's interest in the product. The method used is the 4D development method, namely define (definition) including analysis of utilization and needs as well as literature studies related to rice washing waste water and hair tonic then determine the reference product, design (planning) including making 3 formulas into hair tonic products along with packaging, develop (development) includes product validation tests, dissemination (distribution) includes liking tests and pH tests. The results obtained were the processing of white rice washing wastewater into hair tonic products by sterilizing at a temperature of 121℃ for 17 minutes, obtaining the right formula, and liking test results with a percentage value of 88.75%. Based on the assessment scale for Akdon modification products, it shows that the products are well received by the public.

Study of some detoxification properties of a sorbent based on silicon dioxide

Veterinary sorption preparations are medicinal substances and substances that absorb gases, solid and liquid substances on their surface by adsorption. The purpose of our research was to study the detoxification properties of a sorbent based on silicon dioxide (ADC) obtained from rice processing industry waste during heavy metal poisoning in rats. Mercury dichloride was used for experimental poisoning with heavy metals. Nonlinear rats from the nursery of the RAMS "Rappolovo" were used for the experiment. The live weight of the animals averaged 120 g. 3 groups of animals with 20 rats in each were formed. Group No. 1 received the basic diet, ADC and mercury dichloride, group No. 2 – the basic diet and mercury dichloride in the amount of 25 mg per head. Group No. 3 is a control group, which was fed only the basic diet. The experience lasted 14 days. The results were evaluated by the live weight of animals, clinical blood examination, leukogram examination, pathoanatomic autopsy and massometry of internal organs of rats. In study group No. 1, there was no decrease in the body weight of rats during the 14 days of the experiment, while in study group No. 2, where the sorbent was not used, the body weight of rats decreased by 13.79 g. At the end of the experiment, a pathoanatomical autopsy of the animals was performed. In group No. 1, hemorrhages were observed in the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. In group No. 2, hemorrhages in the gastric mucosa, damage to the intestines, gallbladder and kidneys were noted, where serous infiltration of connective tissue, large spotty hemorrhages in the serous and mucous membranes were observed. There were no changes in the stomach, intestines, and kidneys in group No. 3. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that there are detoxifying properties of a veterinary sorption preparation based on silicon dioxide obtained from rice husks.

Evaluation of rice bran varieties and heat treatment for the development of protein/starch-based bioplastics via injection molding

Improper management of disposable plastics and resource depletion pose significant environmental challenges, prompting interest in alternatives like bioplastics. These novel materials can be produced from by-products of the agro-food industry, offering solutions and valorizing waste. Rice bran, a substantial by-product of rice processing, is abundant and cost-effective, rich in proteins and starch. These components can be transformed into industrial-grade bioplastics through proper processing. This study evaluates the impact of rice bran varieties and thermal treatment during processing on bioplastic development for injection molding. After defatting and sieving, rice bran was mixed with glycerol and subjected to injection molding at 150 °C. Results indicate that parboiled systems, especially from japonica rice bran, showed high viscoelastic moduli and tensile strength. These systems exhibited a denser structure, resulting in lower water absorption. This research sheds light on the connection between rice bran variety, heat treatment, and the final properties of derived bioplastics. This research contributes significantly to understand the relationship between the variety of rice bran and the impact of heat treatment on the ultimate properties of the derived bioplastics.

Addressing Ergonomics in Paddy Milling: Insights from RULA, Nordic Body Map, and Anthropometry

A majority of the rice milling process in Indonesia has been categorized as small and medium enterprises that rely heavily on human labor during their operations. Such activities put human operators at high ergonomic risks, particularly in relation to the onset of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to postural stress, repetitive exertions, and sustained or static exertions. Ignorance of these ergonomic risk factors is likely to cause permanent disabilities in the future. As such, this study aims to identify ergonomics risk factors in the milling rice process using both the subjective method by Nordic Body Map Questionnaire and the observation method through Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The results show that all milling rice operators reported symptoms in their shoulders and low back pain. The final score of RULA was seven or very high risk, indicating that investigation and changes are required immediately. A redesign of the existing step ladder was proposed, developed by an anthropometry-based design approach. The proposed design is expected could reduce the score to 4 or medium risk level

Potential of Fermented Rice Bran as a Functional Food Ingredient to Prevent Colon Cancer

Rice bran is a by-product of rice processing rich in bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds include phenolic, flavonoid, steroidal components, and anthocyanins. The activity of bioactive compounds in rice bran can be enhanced by a biotechnological process, namely fermentation. The fermentation process in rice bran increases the phenolic component due to the breakdown of complex phenolic compounds with several enzymes produced by microorganisms. Fermented bran containing abundant bioactive components has the potential as a functional food to prevent colon cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that fermented bran prevent the development of colon cancer better than non-fermented bran. Prevention of colon cancer based on in vivo and in vitro studies can be through increasing the expression of apoptotic genes, decreasing proliferation marker genes, and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The process of preventing colon cancer with bioactive components can be through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, protection of cells against free radicals, deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and enhancement of the immune response.

Identification and characterization of BES1 genes involved in grain size development of Oryza sativa L.

BES1 (BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1) defines a unique class of plant-specific transcription factors that plays an essential role in response to Brassinosteroids (BRs) signal induction pathways. In our study, we conducted genome-wide scanning and comprehensive characterization of the BES1 gene family in rice and other eukaryotes, leading to valuable findings. Molecular docking experiments showed that all OsBES1 genes in rice could directly bind to BR small molecules. Among the identified genes, OsBES1–4 exhibited a remarkable response as it consistently showed induction upon exposure to various phytohormones after treatment. Further functional verification of OsBES1–4 revealed its impact on grain size. Overexpression of OsBES1–4 resulted in increased grain size, as confirmed by cytological observations showing an increase in cell length and cell number. Moreover, we identified that OsBES1–4 plays a role in rice grain size development by binding to the BR response element in the promoter region of the OsBZR1 gene. Evolutionary analysis indicated differentiation of OsBES1–4 between indica and japonica rice varieties, suggesting natural selection during the domestication process of cultivated rice. Therefore, we conclude that OsBES1–4 plays a crucial role in regulating rice grain size and has the potential to be an important target in rice breeding programs, and haplotype analysis found that all OsBES1 genes were associated with grain size development, either thousand-grain weight, grain length, or grain width. Overall, these findings suggest that the BES1 genes are involved in the regulation of grain size development in rice, and the utilization of SNPs in the OsBES1–4 gene promoter could be a favorable option for distinguishing indica and japonica.

Potential of Rice-Based Food Processing Industries Along Eastern Plains of River Ganga

The Indo-Gangetic plains are considered to be the most fertile land area within India. It contains alluvium type of soil which is rich in nutrients and have high water retention capacity. According to many agricultural think tanks, including Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the northern belt of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) and Bihar are the only states having naturally sustainable soil conditions for the cultivation of water-intensive rice crops in India and are also among very few regions of Asia. This paper will be an attempt to propose an integrated system where Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets like poverty, well-being, economic growth, innovation and infrastructure, and sustainable communities will be addressed. With the optimum production of rice in the region and with the support of government schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampda Yojana scheme for overall growth and development of food processing units, food processing industries can be established in selected pockets of eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The food processing industries based on rice processing will produce varied local sweets such as Anarsa, Lakhtho, Thekua, etc., and food products that can get a vital push from the government’s One District One Product (ODOP) scheme. With the help of the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), the products can be promoted for international exports as well. Also, it will address the much-known menace of outmigration (4–5 million of workforce per annum) from states and will provide local human capital with income growth and identity. A whole integrated system can be built where linkages from farm to market can be created which will reap farmers: good prices and regular procurement, food industries: good promotion of products plus profits, and local people: economic and social protection. Therefore, by using locally climate suited crop and government supported food parks or industrial system, the holistic aim of 3P’s – people, planet, and profit, will be realized.

Addressing Ergonomics in Paddy Milling: Insights from RULA, Nordic Body Map, and Anthropometry

A majority of the rice milling process in Indonesia has been categorized as small and medium enterprises that rely heavily on human labor during their operations. Such activities put human operators at high ergonomic risks, particularly in relation to the onset of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to postural stress, repetitive exertions, and sustained or static exertions. Ignorance of these ergonomic risk factors is likely to cause permanent disabilities in the future. As such, this study aims to identify ergonomics risk factors in the milling rice process using both the subjective method by Nordic Body Map Questionnaire and the observation method through Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The results show that all milling rice operators reported symptoms in their shoulders and low back pain. The final score of RULA was seven or very high risk, indicating that investigation and changes are required immediately. A redesign of the existing step ladder was proposed, developed by an anthropometry-based design approach. The proposed design is expected could reduce the score to 4 or medium risk level

RANCANG BANGUN DAN MODIFIKASI MESIN PENEPUNG BERAS BERPENGGERAK MESIN SEPEDA MOTOR

The use of two-wheeled motorbikes as transportation has inspired researchers to increase their use as drivers for agricultural tools and machinery (machines). The machine that will be made is portable so that it can be used by farmers and community service providers to help with post-harvest activities. The type of motorbike used in this research is the Honda Megapro 155cc. This motorbike has a powerful maximum power of 13.3 HP. This research focuses on modifying rice flour machines using motorbikes. Although conventional rice flour machines have made a major contribution to rice processing efficiency, the adoption of motorbike drives brings a new dimension in terms of mobility and accessibility. This modification aims to increase the efficiency, competitiveness and availability of rice flouring machines, especially in rural and remote areas where access to conventional energy resources may be limited. The benefit of this research is to improve the community's economy, especially grater business actors, because with this innovation, business actors can carry out grinding anywhere and of course can move from one market to another and can even carry out grinding door to door. This research method includes planning, machine design, machine fabrication, testing. Based on the research results obtained, the prototype of this grinding/floating machine can function well as proven by good test results. The test results from this research showed that the average time for grinding 1kg rice was 7 minutes 53 seconds and the average fuel required to grind 1kg rice was 150 ml

Genetics, Physiological Mechanism and Breeding for Tolerance against Submergence, Salinity, and Saline-Submergence Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice is a staple food and one of the most crucial crops globally, providing sustenance for more than half of the world's population. Climate change has a crucial impact on the agricultural sector, particularly rice cultivation, due to the increase in abiotic stress incidences. Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stresses on rice production globally. Salt stress significantly reduces growth performance, affecting various metabolic and physiological processes in rice. Submergence is another type of abiotic stress affecting rice growth and yield. Recently, a newly emerged abiotic stress called saline submergence may also jeopardize rice production. Seawater intrusion into rice fields located nearby coastal areas may cause saline flash floods, especially during monsoon season. Rice cultivated in coastal areas is prone to saline-submergence stress, leading to a significantly lower yield. Although Sub1 and Saltol QTLs are widely used in developing rice cultivars with submergence and salinity tolerance, there is a lack of studies conducted to explore the potential performance of breeding lines with Sub1 and Saltol QTLs under saline-submergence stress. It has been hypothesized that the introgression of Sub1 and Saltol QTLs into elite rice cultivars might result in potentially tolerant breeding lines to saline-submergence stress. Further breeding projects, however, need to be conducted to prove this postulation. The present mini-review deals with genetics, physiological mechanisms, and breeding achievements for submergence and salinity-tolerant rice while at the same time highlighting saline-submergence as an emerging type of abiotic stress in rice cultivation.

Effect of milling degree on volatile profiles of cooked rice determined by electronic nose and HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesVolatile components are mainly distributed in the rice bran layer; thus, rice with different milling levels exhibit different volatile profiles, which affects the aroma of rice and cooked rice. Seven diverse rice varieties were investigated to explore the effect of milling degree on volatile profiles of cooked rice, odor activity value (OAV) was applied to identify key aroma compounds, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was applied to determine important marker compounds that may affect aroma.FindingsThe volatile profiles of cooked rice with different milling times were different according to the result of electronic nose. A total of 82 volatiles were identified by headspace solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The number and total content of volatile compounds in most samples decreased with increasing milling time. The number of key aroma compounds (OAV &gt; 1) in most samples also showed a decreasing trend with increasing milling time. PLS‐DA model successfully discriminated the differential volatile compounds in cooked rice samples with different milling times. Tridecane, 6‐methyl‐5‐heptene‐2‐one, nonanal, decanal, 2‐butyl‐2‐octenal, pentadecanal, 2,4‐decadienal, anethole, geranylacetone, 1‐dodecanol, 2‐pentadecanone, 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinylphenol, and indole were identified as 13 marker aroma‐active compounds.ConclusionsThe effect of milling degree on the volatile profiles of cooked rice was closely related to the rice varieties. Longer milling time was not in favor of the aroma of cooked rice. Milling degree mainly affected the nutty, citrus, fruity, waxy, herbal, fatty, celery, smoky, and floral aromas of cooked rice.Significance and NoveltyThe study provided important information for understanding the impacts of milling degree on volatile compounds and aroma properties of cooked rice. This is of great significance for advocating moderate processing of rice and regulating the aroma quality of cooked rice.