Petroleum Processing Industries Research Articles

K-value predictions for the methane-ethane-propane system

Vapour-liquid equilibrium distribution coefficients at widely ranging pressures, temperatures, and compositions are essential data for process engineering calculations in the natural gas separation and petroleum processing industries. Computational methods for the accurate prediction of these data using only pure component properties are presented in this paper. The validity of the method has been tested for the system methane-ethane-propane at low temperatures and high pressures. The agreement between the predicted values and the corresponding experimental data taken from the literature illustrates the accuracy of the prediction method and justifies its applicability to working separation systems.

Tobacco Use, Occupation, Coffee, Various Nutrients, and Bladder Cancer2

In a Canadian population-based case-control study of 480 males and 152 female case-control pairs, the relative risk for development of bladder cancer for ever used versus never used cigarettes was 3.9 for males and 2.4 for females, with a dose-response relationship in both sexes. A reduced risk was associated with the use of filter cigarettes compared to nonfilter cigarettes. After control for cigarette usage, a significant risk was noted for male pipe smokers. For male ex-smokers the risk after 15 years of no smoking was less than one-half that of current male smokers. Bladder cancer risk was found for workers in the chemical, rubber, photographic, petroleum, medical, and food processing industries among males and for workers occupationally exposed to dust or fumes among both sexes. Bladder cancer risk was elevated for males consuming all types of coffee, regular coffee, and instant coffee and for females consuming instant coffee, but no dose-response relationship was found. Risk was found for males consuming water from nonpublic supples but not for females. No risk was observed in males or females consuming nitrate-containing foods, beverages other than coffee, or fiddlehead greens. Hair dye usage in females and phenacetin usage in males and females carried no risk. Divergent findings by area for aspirin suggested that an overall association was not causal. Reevaluation of the data on artificial sweeteners confirmed a significant bladder cancer risk in males and a dose-response relationship. The cumulated population attributable risk for bladder cancer was 90% for males from cigarette smoking, industrial exposure, and exposure to nonpublic water supplies and 29% for females from cigarette smoking, industrial exposure, and instant coffee consumption.

Demand for Commercial Bank Production Workers and Administrators: Demand Deposit Operations

A search of the recent literature turned up only a handful of studies dealing with factor demand. In [ 1 ] labor demand functions were derived from a Cobb-Douglas production model and estimated for various types of labor in commercial banks. In [2] a labor demand function was included as one of three structural equations in a labor market model for registered nurses. The assumption of production function homotheticity was analyzed by estimating derived factor demand functions for the Japanese petroleum processing industry in [15]. The authors concluded that the production function is not homothetic. Demand functions for floor space, labor, and capital in the postal services industry were derived and estimated in [18] by using a generalized Cobb-Douglas production function. A final study [22] has considered factor demand at a level of aggregation above that for a specific industry. Factor demand was considered within a dynamic model and the various equations were estimated using quarterly data for total manufacturing. Considerable work has been conducted in the area of factor productivity (see [21] for a comprehensive review of the literature). Most of this work has concentrated on explaining the causes of productivity by using aggregate manufacturing data for groups of industries and countries. Studies of firms in a specific

Greater Environmental Protection for Electrical Equipment Through New Technology

Corrosive environments have long presented problems in application, installation, and maintenance of electrical equipment. The causes of corrosion and the means taken to date to combat corrosive environments are briefly reviewed. The application of new technology in the glass-reinforced polyester plastics field is described as a solution to the problem of long-term protection of electrical equipment installed in aggressive environments. This new technology involves the use of chemical thickening of special polyester resins suitably formulated to provide high levels of structural strength and corrosion resistance both indoors and outdoors. Data are presented on the environmental resistance of the chemically thickened glass-reinforced polyester systems, and these are interpreted in terms of the diffusion of the environment into and out of the plastic. Examples are given of the application of chemically thickened glass-reinforced plastics in heavy duty industrial plugs and receptacles, industrial type light reflectors, and enclosures for electrical equipment. The degree of protection afforded by the chemically thickened glass-reinforced plastic is important in electrical installations in the petroleum, petrochemical, food, drug, fertilizer, and other process industries.

Equilibrium-phase properties of isobutane-ethane system

Ethane and i-butane are present in essentially all multicomponent mixtures of interest to the petroleum and natural gas processing industry. The only previous work reported in the literature on the phase behavior of this binary system is that of Skripa et al. who reported 5 isotherms in the region from 0/sup 0/ to -70/sup 0/C. The present work includes higher temperatures in the region from 100/sup 0/ to 250/sup 0/F. The study is a continuation of a previous program and includes experimental measurements of the phase compositions and refractive indices of the coexisting phases.

The founding of the petroleum processing and petrochemical industries ? An achievement of all Republics of the USSR

The founding of the petroleum processing and petrochemical industries ? An achievement of all Republics of the USSR

First-year results of the ninth Five-Year Plan and the tasks before the petroleum-processing and petrochemical industry in 1972

First-year results of the ninth Five-Year Plan and the tasks before the petroleum-processing and petrochemical industry in 1972

Problems of production concentration in the petroleum-processing industry

Problems of production concentration in the petroleum-processing industry

Catalytic hydrogenation processes in the petroleum-processing and petrochemicals industry

Catalytic hydrogenation processes in the petroleum-processing and petrochemicals industry

Petroleum-processing and petrochemical industry of the USSR in the Lenin centenary year

Petroleum-processing and petrochemical industry of the USSR in the Lenin centenary year

Raising the efficiency of production in the Petroleum-Processing and Petrochemical Industries

Raising the efficiency of production in the Petroleum-Processing and Petrochemical Industries

A method of determining the scopes for improving the utilization of basic plant in the petroleum processing industry

A method of determining the scopes for improving the utilization of basic plant in the petroleum processing industry

Comprehensive analysis of basic-plant utilization in the petroleum-processing industry

Comprehensive analysis of basic-plant utilization in the petroleum-processing industry

Factors increasing plant returns in the petroleum processing industry

Factors increasing plant returns in the petroleum processing industry

Petroleum-processing and petrochemical industry in 1968?1970

Petroleum-processing and petrochemical industry in 1968?1970

Classification of basic production plant petroleum-processing industry (a discussion)

Classification of basic production plant petroleum-processing industry (a discussion)

The norms and power requirements in petroleum refineries (in the nature of a discussion)

1. The existing method of calculating technological norms for consumption of fuel, thermal and electrical power for enterprises in the petroleum processing industry does not make it possible to find out the comparative efficiency of power cost, nor to determine correctly a progressive norm. 2. By using the “relative reduced capacity”, it is possible to analyze, to what extent the power cost level depends on the process scheme of refining and on the ratio of the outputs of process units. Applying the consumption norms for fuel, thermal and electrical power per unit of crude being processed, which are established as a function of relative reduced capacity, we can determine the comparative efficiency of power costs during different periods of operation and compare the results of power utilization in different refineries.

Stages of commissioning of capacities in the petroleum processing industry

Stages of commissioning of capacities in the petroleum processing industry

Socialist obligations of the workers of the petroleum processing and petrochemical industry on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the October revolution

Socialist obligations of the workers of the petroleum processing and petrochemical industry on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the October revolution

A generalized chemical processing model for the investigation of computer control

At present there is no direct method of comparing the relative applicability of the many computer-control schemes which have recently been proposed for use by the chemical and petroleum processing industries. While many of the computer manufacturers involved have undertaken joint study programs with several of the chemical and petroleum companies, proprietary considerations have to date prevented a direct comparison of the results obtained.