Transformation Process Research Articles

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of lignin by-product from sugarcane leaf conversion to levulinic acid and hydrochar

To enhance the sustainability of lignocellulosic biomass utilization process, a significant attention is given to a high-value lignin byproduct of this process. Herein, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and physicochemical properties of lignin in black liquor extracted from sugarcane leaf (SCL) for levulinic acid (LA) and hydrochar production were investigated. The lignin was extracted from SCL through an alkaline pretreatment process using 5–25 wt% of either NaOH or KOH at 120–160 °C. Disk diffusion susceptibility tests, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) revealed that the SCL lignin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) rather than Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium). Different alkaline reagents marginally affected the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the lignin. Py-GC/MS analysis results determined that the SCL lignin contained mainly p-hydroxyphenyl (H) and guaiacyl (G) with a small amount of syringyl (S) lignin. Furthermore, the structural alterations and linkages of SCL lignin during alkaline pretreatment were examined using 2D-HSQC NMR, providing valuable insights into the transformation processes. The conversion of delignified SCL to LA through a catalytic hydrothermal process using various acid catalysts indicated that the alkaline pretreatment could enhance LA yield with a maximum yield of 33.4 wt%. Additionally, fuel property characterization of the hydrochar co-product from LA production determined that the hydrochar can be used as a coal substitute.

Rethinking Energy Geopolitics: Towards a Geopolitical Economy of Global Energy Transformation

ABSTRACT We are in the midst of a global energy system transformation (GEST) which is rewiring the world economy, opening new axes of political contestation, and revolutionising the energetic basis of human civilisation. Energy geopolitics has not yet reconciled itself to this challenge. The field has traditionally been preoccupied with the dependence of Western states on cross-border flows of fossil fuels. More recently, efforts have been made to prospectively map out what the geopolitics of a fully renewable world might look like. What both literatures miss, however, is the very fact of the GEST: that we are living through a changing and contested process of global transformation, across interacting high- and low-emissions systems, whose contours are open and actively constructed over time. In this paper, we start to develop a provisional framework to make sense of the GEST, that is able to capture the full scale of the transformation, and its dynamic, contingent, constructed nature. We attend to three areas of geopolitical economy: the wide-ranging material dimensions of the transformation, its geographical space-making, and its conflict-ridden political economy. We then apply this framework to two case studies, one looking at the fraught role of fossil gas as a ‘transition fuel’, the other at lithium-ion batteries.

Review of Modeling Approaches for Conjugate Heat Transfer Processes in Oil-Immersed Transformers

This review addresses the modeling approaches for heat transfer processes in oil-immersed transformer. Electromagnetic, thermal, and hydrodynamic thermal fields are identified as the most critical aspects in describing the state of the transformer. The paper compares the implementation complexity, calculation time, and details of the results for different approaches to creating a mathematical model, such as circuit-based models and finite element and finite volume methods. Examples of successful model implementation are provided, along with the features of oil-immersed transformer modeling. In addition, the review considers the strengths and limitations of the considered models in relation to creating a digital twin of a transformer. The review concludes that it is not feasible to create a universal model that accounts for all the features of physical processes in an oil-immersed transformer, operates in real time for a digital twin, and provides the required accuracy at the same time. The conducted research shows that joint modeling of electromagnetic and thermal processes, reducing the dimensionality of models, provides the most comprehensive solution to the problem.

Navigating Ritual Resilience: The Interplay of Change and Continuity in the Shaolin Monastery During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The global upheaval caused by the COVID-19 pandemic introduced considerable perturbations to the religious life and ritual observances within most religious communities around the world. This article delves into the resilience and adaptability of ritual practices within the Shaolin Monastery of China during the five-month COVID-19 quarantine spanning from 23 January to 22 June, 2020. Employing ethnographic methods and grounded in anthropological theory, the study examines the interplay between ritual as a static social fact and as a dynamic, adaptable process, within the context of the Shaolin monastic life. It underlines the intricate interplay between static and dynamic elements in ritual practice, casting light on the Shaolin community’s response to the pandemic. The study discerns dichotomies responsible for the critical forces underlying complex dynamics intrinsic to the Shaolin community’s religious life, namely: religious–secular, isolation–social engagement, discipline–freedom, tradition–innovation, and individual–collective. Tracking the evolutions and consistencies within these dual relationships enabled casting light on the transformative processes that were set in motion and identifying the elements of the religious life that have undergone change and those that have remained constant. This exploration offers a unique glimpse into the mechanisms through which resilience was enacted with the strategies that enabled the community to maintain, adjust and innovate its ritual practices amidst the tribulations presented by the crisis.

Challenges and Solutions in the Digital Transformation of "Specialized, Refined, Unique, and New" Small and Medium Enterprises

Against the backdrop of the Digital China initiative, exploring how "Specialized, Refined, Unique, and New" (SRUN) enterprises can effectively undergo digital transformation to enhance innovation capabilities is a crucial and urgent topic. For these enterprises, accelerating digital transformation is key to addressing contemporary challenges, improving efficiency, reducing costs, showcasing unique advantages, and leading the trend of intelligent manufacturing. Throughout the transformation process, these enterprises face multiple dilemmas and challenges: despite a strong willingness to transform, they lack corresponding capabilities; infrastructure is improving, but the technological environment is not yet ideal; willingness to collaborate is increasing, but effective synergy is lacking; policy support is growing, but needs to be more precise. In order to better promote the digital transformation of SRUN enterprises, appropriate strategies must be adopted to address these challenges. This includes enhancing awareness and strengthening talent development, improving infrastructure, optimizing the transformation environment, fostering a favorable digital ecosystem, enhancing collaborative cooperation, and optimizing institutional design to elevate service standards. These measures collectively provide a pathway for SRUN enterprises to drive digital transformation.

Architectural and Urban Changes in a Residential Environment—Implications for Design Science

Current spatial changes involving broad urban landscapes affect people’s perceptions of their surroundings, sense of place, and attachment to a place, constituting a disruption to these. As a result, on a social scale, they translate into people’s well-being. The following study of the impact of large-scale architectural and urban developments on the place of residence is based on the assumption that physical space determines the quality of life in the living place and the changes in the process condition residents to adapt to their new surroundings—based on the three pillars of place, people, and process (3Ps). The article consists of two parts. The first is theoretical, which conceptualises spatial change based on the theory of human dependence on place. The second part–an empirical study—discusses the transformation of the post-industrial area of Bicocca (Milan), which, 40 years after the intervention, has led to conclusions and recommendations for urban planning. The results demonstrate the different sensitivities of the urban areas to the process of functional–spatial change, the essence of the accessibility of public space, public facilities, and transport infrastructure. The planning process can positively influence social adaptation to spatial change mitigation. Residential areas may be subject to additional protection procedures. The study is relevant to a sustainable planning process in the inevitable transformation of urban areas. The interdisciplinary nature of the issue prompts the integration of research findings and knowledge transfer in the socio-technological subsystem (STS).

Traditional agencies on bridges: How is digital transformation changing business models?

AbstractDigital technologies produce new strategic and organizational challenges for incumbent firms that require major digital transformation (DT) processes, leading to the evolution of business models (BMs). Contributing to the research stream on DT and BM evolution, this study explores which technologies have the most relevant effect on core BM dimensions, i.e., value proposition, value creation, and value capture, by investigating both the consequent themes and intensities of change in these dimensions. A valuable context for analysis was chosen: the advertising industry and traditional communication agencies, namely, creative and media agencies. Based on 38 in-depth interviews with senior communication professionals and qualitative content analysis, we propose a comprehensive reading of (1) the impact of specific technologies on different BM dimensions and components and (2) the themes and intensities of change in creative and media agencies’ BM dimensions. Finally, we outline an interpretative framework, identifying two different paths for incumbents: outside-in BM adaptation and inside-out BM innovation. This study therefore offers two academic contributions. First, it overcomes the vagueness of previous investigations that considered the effects of digital technologies in general terms, and it also resolves the narrow scope of research that focused only on the impact of one specific technology. Second, by deepening the understanding of the joint evolutions and intensities of change across all three BM dimensions, this study has widened the limited scope of previous contributions on one BM dimension. By doing so, it offers a comprehensive reading of BM dynamics due to DT.

Generalized extended Bonferroni means for isomorphic membership grades

The generalized extended Bonferroni mean (GEBM) is a powerful tool for modeling the complex process of aggregating information, whether it is homogeneously or heterogeneously connected, within a composite aggregation structure. It maintains several favorable characteristics and effectively captures the diverse and interconnected nature of expert opinions or criteria, which is commonly observed in various decision-making contexts. This research expands upon the existing GEBM framework by applying it to the specific domains of q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) and extended q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (Eq-ROFSs). Furthermore, it examines the transformation processes among different variants of GEBMs. To facilitate the development of generalized aggregation functions, the de Morgan triplets for q-ROFSs and Eq-ROFSs are established. By introducing an isomorphism, the transformation relationship between the aggregation functions for q-ROFSs and Eq-ROFSs is analyzed. Based on this foundation, the Bonferroni mean de Morgan triplet-based GEBMs for q-ROFSs and Eq-ROFSs are proposed, and the keeping-order relations for these proposed GEBMs are discussed. Finally, several special cases of the GEBMs for q-ROFSs and Eq-ROFSs are obtained, and several relevant theorems are verified.

Lexis and Grammar Specifics of the English Language in Africa

This research work deals with the lexical and grammatical features of the English language variant widely used in Africa. The importance of the use of British English is also taken into account, as well as its transformational processes due to the interaction and mutual influence of local dialects on its structure. Examples of neologisms and modified lexical units are given, based on the influence of local culture and the lack of an equivalent in the recipient language. The article pays attention to the grammatical aspects of language in the functioning of phrasal, modal and prepositional verbs, and also reveals the peculiarities of articles and pronouns use due to the influence of autochthonous languages. The aim of the research work is to identify the specifics of the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the English language in Africa and systematize the lexical and grammatical aspects of the English language as the territorial variant type. The choice of working methods is determined by the goals and objectives of the study. In the research work the method of metalinguistic analysis, methods of contextual and definitional analysis, methods of systematization and classification of linguistic material are used. As a result of the work the high productivity of the realities functioning in autochthonous languages in the lexical structure of the English variant in African countries and the lexical borrowings of terms from autochthonous languages are revealed. This trend is also emphasized in the borrowing of entire lexical phrases from the thesaurus of native languages. With regard to the grammatical part, a significant deviation from British English is emphasized. The research work results in such grammatical changes as: the use of auxiliary verbs together with semantic ones; the functioning of a simplified form of modern forms of the verb; the productive use of uncountable nouns in speech in the form of a countable nouns; significant deviations from British English in the process of using articles, personal and possessive pronouns.

Water Tower Home transformation: bottom-up urban regeneration through a reality TV show

The article examines Wutopia Lab’s transformation of the Water Tower Home (shuita zhijia, also know as ‘House on the House’), a top-floor unit of a residential building converted from a water tower located in a Bulinli lilong neighbourhood in Shanghai. In 2015, the top-floor unit was transformed into a three-bedroom apartment, which was featured in a popular reality TV show Dream Home. Using the concept of ‘raumplan’ as the primary design strategy, the design deploys various heights and platforms to re-organise the internal space while largely maintaining the exterior appearance of the building. It deliberately avoided homogeneous visual control and accommodated the residents’ complex functional requirements within a highly restricted space. The research scrutinises various actors’ involvement during the production of the reality TV show and the transformation process. It highlights how the design team navigated the stakeholders’ complex needs and the rigid yet ambiguous policy related to the regeneration of Shanghai’s unofficial urban heritage. By reflecting upon the various formal and informal design practices in this structure and its eventual demolition, the article illustrates the dilemmas in bottom-up regeneration of the historic urban environment in contemporary China.

Transformative process theory

Abstract Transformative constitutionalism and process theory are generally seen as worlds apart. But they may be more compatible than we think. A transformative understanding of process is very broad, but it represents a natural extension of the line already being taken by contemporary process accounts intent on expanding the theory to fit global practice. It can help us to understand why an expansion based on and including a wider set of justiciable process concerns has proved difficult to limit. Conversely, transformative constitutionalism badly needs a better account of judicial restraint to balance its preoccupation with judicial boldness. Since it shares with process theory a deep concern with democracy, it can naturally draw on process accounts to understand its own limits. Democracy-seeking review, in aiming to build as well as protect democratic capacity, needs to be as concerned with restraint as intervention, depending on the context. Working out a transformative process theory is therefore at least an exercise instructive to either side, and it can offer a way to overcome divides that hamper global engagement with these core constitutional issues.

Head Teacher's Self-efficacy with Transforming Leadership for Changing School

In the context of Nepal, most of government-aided schools are poorly managed. They could not provide good achievement academically and non-academically. Head teacher's leadership is considered highly significant for the transformation of such schools. The schools are not getting expected change. However, there are very few schools that have been transformed considerably. This study explored the role of head teachers’ self-efficacy and their transformative leadership qualities in connection to the transformation of schools. Along with this, teachers' perception about the head teachers' leadership role and impact in the transformation process were also underpinned. This multiple case study of two government schools from Dhading district adopted qualitative method. The findings were illustrated in narrative and descriptive way. Research findings indicated the current situation of transformed schools, leadership effect, the head teachers' self-efficacy and transformative leadership qualities. The findings are helpful to head teachers, administrators, teachers, policy makers and school managers per se in order to transform schools.

Transforming Pharmaceutical Synthesis with Sein-E-B Nanocomposite Photocatalyst through 1,4-NAD(P)H Cofactor Regeneration and C-N Bond Activation.

The need for sunlight chemical renewal and contemporary organic transformation has fostered the advancement of environmentally friendly photocatalytic techniques. For the first time, we report on the novel crafting of a bright future with selenium-infused Eosin-B (Sein-E-B) nanocomposite photocatalysts in this work. The Sein-E-B nanocomposite materials were created using a hydrothermal process for solar chemical regeneration and organic transformation under visible light. The synthesized samples were subjected to UV-DRS-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, EIS and XRD analysis. The energy band gap of the Sein-E-B nanocomposite photocatalyst was measured using UV-DRS, and the result was around 2.06 eV. to investigate the generated Sein-E-B catalytic activity as a nanocomposite for 1,4-NADH/NADPH re-formation and C-N bond activation. This novel photocatalyst offers a promising alternative for the regeneration of solar chemicals and C-N bond creation between pyrrole and aryl halides.

How new rural elites facilitate community-based homestead system reform in rural China: A perspective of village transformation

In line with China's rural transformation, the homestead system reform (HSR) pilots have been launched to rectify adverse land-related issues by formalising and capitalising land property rights. In contrast with a government-led model prevalent among most national HSR pilots, a community-based approach has been experimented with and proven efficient in Yujiang County, southern China. It highlights a pivotal role of the endogenous and public-spirited activists who are locally called ‘new rural elites’ (NREs). From the perspective of village transformation processes, this paper establishes a theoretical framework and employs a case study in Yujiang to interpret the underlying rationale for NREs' involvement in HSR. The findings indicate that HSR, aiming at multi-level space reshaping and ‘three rights separation’ reform, is in alignment with the triple processes of village transformation (i.e., systemic, communal, and living). The NREs represent a cultural force for facilitating village transformation, which is underpinned by the capacity, channel and carrier endowed by urban-rural linkages, interpersonal value transmission and community social solidarity, respectively. The benevolent dominance of the NREs is jointly shaped by governmental empowerment and accountability, egalitarian property rights design and strong social solidarity. To expand NREs' benevolent roles, this study recommends aligning community empowerment with the improvements of community-based action capacity.

The Use of Spectroscopic Methods to Study Organic Matter in Virgin and Arable Soils: A Scoping Review

The use of modern spectroscopic methods of analysis, which provide extensive information on the chemical nature of substances, significantly expands our understanding of the molecular composition and properties of soil organic matter (SOM) and its transformation and stabilization processes in various ecosystems and geochemical conditions. The aim of this review is to identify and analyze studies related to the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy techniques to study the molecular composition and transformation of organic matter in virgin and arable soils. This article is mainly based on three research questions: (1) Which NMR spectroscopy techniques are used to study SOM, and what are their disadvantages and advantages? (2) How is the NMR spectroscopy technique used to study the molecular structure of different pools of SOM? (3) How is ESR spectroscopy used in SOM chemistry, and what are its advantages and limitations? Relevant studies published between 1996 and 2024 were searched in four databases: eLIBRARY, MDPI, ScienceDirect and Springer. We excluded non-English-language articles, review articles, non-peer-reviewed articles and other non-article publications, as well as publications that were not available according to the search protocols. Exclusion criteria for articles were studies that used NMR and EPR techniques to study non-SOM and where these techniques were not the primary methods. Our scoping review found that both solid-state and solution-state NMR spectroscopy are commonly used to study the structure of soil organic matter (SOM). Solution-phase NMR is particularly useful for studying soluble SOM components of a low molecular weight, whereas solid-phase NMR offers advantages such as higher 13C atom concentration for stronger signals and faster analysis time. However, solution-phase NMR has limitations including sample insolubility, potential signal aggregation and reduced sensitivity and resolution. Solid-state NMR is better at detecting non-protonated carbon atoms and identifying heterogeneous regions within structures. EPR spectroscopy, on the other hand, offers significant advantages in experimental biochemistry due to its high sensitivity and ability to provide detailed information about substances containing free radicals (FRs), aiding in the assessment of their reactivity and transformations. Understanding the FR structure in biopolymers can help to study the formation and transformation of SOM. The integration of two- and three-dimensional NMR spectroscopy with other analytical methods, such as chromatography, mass spectrometry, etc., provides a more comprehensive approach to deciphering the complex composition of SOM than one-dimensional techniques alone.

Identifying the Crucial Biomarker of MASH-Related HCC.

This study aimed to explore the key oncogenic factor of metabolicassociated steatohepatitis (MASH) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We utilized four differential GEO datasets (GSE164760, GSE139602, GSE197112, and GSE49541) to identify the key oncogenic factor for MASH-related HCC. The differential genes were analyzed using the GEO2R algorithm online. The GEPIA online website was used to explore the expression of selected four genes (SPP1, GNMT, CLDN11, and THBS2). The genetic alterations in genes were estimated by the cBioPortal website. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter online database was applied to explore the prognostic value of SPP1. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were carried out to further confirm the prognostic value of SPP1. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis exported associated pathways with SPP1 expression. The positively or negatively related immune cells and immune checkpoint expressions were identified through Pearson correlation analysis. The lipogenesis-associated proteins were detected using western blotting and fluorescence. The high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model was constructed, and liver samples were collected. SPP1, GNMT, CLDN11, and THBS2 were determined in the transformation process of MASH to liver fibrosis. SPP1 and GNMT were upregulated in the HCC tumor tissue. SPP1, in particular, had the potential to be the prognostic factor through Cox analysis. Remarkably, SPP1 was highly expressed in HCC compared to normal tissues in three independent datasets (GSE121248, GSE14520, and GSE45267). SPP1 is mainly involved in the amplification and deep deletion mutations. SPP1 was found to be strongly correlated with ANXA2 expression, and ANXA2 was also highly expressed in HCC with significant prognostic performance. Moreover, SPP1 was found to participate in the carcinogenic mechanism and correlate with immune cells and immune checkpoint expression. SPP1 knockdown suppressed the SREBP1 and FASN expressions and increased the SIRT1 expression in vitro. Moreover, the HFD model validated the upregulation of SPP1 in the fatty liver in vivo. SPP1 may be the key oncogenic factor for the transformation of MASH to HCC, and it could be a potential immunotherapeutic target in HCC.

Plasma water treatment for PFAS: Study of degradation of perfluorinated substances and their byproducts by using cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet

This study evaluates the effectiveness of non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure (NTP APPJ) for treating PFAS - contaminated water in different matrices. Successful removal of several perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) (C6 to C4), perfluroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) (C8 to C4) and perfluropolyethers (PFPEs) (GenX and ADONA) PFAS compounds was achieved in laboratory scale experiments. In the deionized water (DW), high removal efficiencies (> 90%) were observed for longer-chain PFAS, PFOS (99.89%), PFHxA (94.61%) and ADONA (94.83%), while shorter- chain compounds had lower removal rates. Real water samples (tap water and synthetic effluent) showed lower overall degradation percentages (8–50%) depending on compound and matrix. Short-chain PFAS displayed around 10% removal in tap water, while PFOS and GenX achieved 50% and 32% removal, respectively. Complex matrix effects influence degradation rates. Byproducts from the plasma treatment were investigated, revealing distinct degradation mechanisms for various PFAS compounds. For PFSAs and PFCAs, degradation involved electron transfer, bond breaking and subsequent reactions. Conversely, ADONA and GenX degradation initiated with ether-group cleavage, followed by additional transformation processes. Plasma-based technology shows potential for degradation of PFAS, especially for newer substitute compounds like ADONA and GenX. However, further research is needed to optimize plasma performance for complete mineralization of PFAS. This study also proposes a degradation mechanism for ADONA, marking a novel investigation into ether-group PFAS degradation with potential implications for further research and understanding toxicological implications.

Influence of Four Veterinary Antibiotics on Constructed Treatment Wetland Nitrogen Transformation.

The use of wetlands as a treatment approach for nitrogen in runoff is a common practice in agroecosystems. However, nitrate is not the sole constituent present in agricultural runoff and other biologically active contaminants have the potential to affect nitrate removal efficiency. In this study, the impacts of the combined effects of four common veterinary antibiotics (chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, lincomycin, monensin) on nitrate-N treatment efficiency in saturated sediments and wetlands were evaluated in a coupled microcosm/mesocosm scale experiment. Veterinary antibiotics were hypothesized to significantly impact nitrogen speciation (e.g., nitrate and ammonium) and nitrogen uptake and transformation processes (e.g., plant uptake and denitrification) within the wetland ecosystems. To test this hypothesis, the coupled study had three objectives: 1. assess veterinary antibiotic impact on nitrogen cycle processes in wetland sediments using microcosm incubations, 2. measure nitrate-N reduction in water of floating treatment wetland systems over time following the introduction of veterinary antibiotic residues, and 3. identify the fate of veterinary antibiotics in floating treatment wetlands using mesocosms. Microcosms containing added mixtures of the veterinary antibiotics had little to no effect at lower concentrations but stimulated denitrification potential rates at higher concentrations. Based on observed changes in the nitrogen loss in the microcosm experiments, floating treatment wetland mesocosms were enriched with 1000 μg L-1 of the antibiotic mixture. Rates of nitrate-N loss observed in mesocosms with the veterinary antibiotic enrichment were consistent with the microcosm experiments in that denitrification was not inhibited, even at the high dosage. In the mesocosm experiments, average nitrate-N removal rates were not found to be impacted by the veterinary antibiotics. Further, veterinary antibiotics were primarily found in the roots of the floating treatment wetland biomass, accumulating approximately 190 mg m-2 of the antibiotic mixture. These findings provide new insight into the impact that veterinary antibiotic mixtures may have on nutrient management strategies for large-scale agricultural operations and the potential for veterinary antibiotic removal in these wetlands.

Predictors of Precancerous Diseases of the Cervix

Introduction. The incidence of malignant neoplasms in the population has increased by 1.66 times over the past 15 years, and the incidence of cancer of the cervix and body of the uterus, placenta — by 1.3 times.Materials and methods. 2 groups were formed by the continuous sampling method: 30 women with a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 30 women without a diagnosis of CIN, who made up the control group. Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech 3.1.7 program (Stattech LLC, Russia).Results. Risk factors for precancerous diseases of the cervix include the presence of a history of cardiovascular diseases(p = 0.043), surgical interventions (p = 0.039), sexually transmitted infections (p = 0.023), a large number of pregnancies (regardless of the outcome) (p = 0.013), the presence of abortions (p = 0.04), a large number of sexual partners during life (p = 0.022).Discussion. Frequent change of sexual partners, and as a consequence — a high risk of STIs are also well-known risk factors for cancer and precancerous cervix, in these conditions HPV passes from free to episomal form faster and starts the process of transformation of cervical epithelial cells.Conclusion. The features of the anamnesis of women with precancerous diseases of the cervix are high parity and the presence of abortions, STIs, cardiovascular diseases and surgical interventions in the anamnesis, a large number of sexual partners in life, low adherence to the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs).

Employee-centered Industry 5.0 - Case analysis of Haier

How green digital intelligence and ecology promote enterprises to transform into industry 5.0 has attracted the attention of the industry and academia. Still, its internal driving mechanism at the micro level has not been clarified. Based on the perspective of enterprise dynamic capability and resource allocation, this paper studies the “path-process-capability” logical scheme of Industry 5.0 restructuring value chain. Firstly, the multi-case configuration analysis is carried out through focused stepwise quantitative case analysis to explore the resource collaboration path of Industry 5.0 transformation. Then, the process of digital intelligence and ecological reconstruction of the value chain is studied longitudinally for a single case, and the stage characteristics of green digital intelligence and ecology driving the Industrial 5.0 transformation of manufacturing enterprises are studied by combining the time series interval method and the critical event method. The process mechanism of digital intelligence and Industry 5.0 key capabilities are found. Aimed at the path problem of green digital intelligence and ecological reconstruction of the manufacturing value chain, based on multi-case statistical analysis and single-case in-depth analysis, the reconstruction mechanism and scheme of manufacturing ecological value chain were obtained. The research findings are as follows: firstly, four configuration forms of digital intelligence and ecological resource allocation are identified, and the rational allocation of resources is realized through the collaborative effect of resources. Secondly, the ecological process of green digital intelligence of manufacturing enterprises is based on the process of “standardization - online - integration - intelligence - ecological - Industry 5.0”, and the key technologies of each stage are identified. Third, in the transformation process of Industry 5.0, three key capabilities of enterprise digital production, digital drive, and ecological economy are constructed and data-led to promote the transformation and development of enterprise intelligent services and leverage the new business form of digital ecology.