Modeling Of Processes Research Articles

PERIODIC ATEB-FUNCTIONS AND THE VAN DER POL METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING SOLUTIONS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR OSCILLATIONS MODELS OF ELASTIC BODIES

In the process of operation, the simplest elements (hereinafter elastic bodies) of machines and mechanisms under the influence of external and internal factors carry out complex oscillations ‒ a combination of longitudinal, bending and torsion combinations in various combinations. In general, mathematical models of the process of such complex phenomena in elastic bodies, even for one-dimensional calculation models, are boundary value problems for systems of partial differential equations. A two-dimensional mathematical model of oscillatory processes in a nonlinear elastic body is considered. A method of constructing an analytical solution of the corresponding boundary-value problems for nonlinear partial differential equations is proposed, which is based on the use of Ateba functions, the Van der Pol method, ideas of asymptotic integration, and the principle of single-frequency oscillations. For "undisturbed" analogues of the model equations, single-frequency solutions were obtained in an explicit form, and for "perturbed" ‒ analytical dependences of the basic parameters of the oscillation process on a small perturbation. The dependence of the main frequency of oscillations on the amplitude and non-linearity parameter of elastic properties in the case of single-frequency oscillations of "unperturbed motion" is established. An asymptotic approximation of the solution of the autonomous "perturbed" problem is constructed. Graphs of changes in amplitude and frequency of oscillations depending on the values of the system parameters are given.

Mathematical modeling of pollution of underground aquifers due to mining of minerals

Purpose. The research aims to create a mathematical model of salt contamination spreading through underground aquifers in the event of depressurization of the hydrocarbon production well crater for further assessment of environmental and economic damage from these processes. Methods. To predict the environmental and economic damage from salt contamination, the distribution of concentrations of harmful substances was investigated, taking into account the number of supply sources and their intensity over time, based on situ studies at the Rybalske Oil Field, Okhtyrskyi District of Sumska Oblast in Ukraine, where there were technological failures wells, accompanied by open fountains with the release of large amounts of highly mineralized water and the formation of craters. Mathematical modelling methods were used to process the data from the study of accidental technogenic pollution of underground aquifers. Findings. Based on real data from the study of the processes of potential salt contamination spread in fresh aquifers as a result of accidents at hydrocarbon production facilities, a mathematical model of salt contamination spreading in drinking groundwater in the event of depressurization of an oil field well crater has been developed. Potential economic losses in case of possible groundwater contamination with highly mineralized solution, which can into drinking groundwater aquifers, are substantiated. It has been established that in connection with the occurrence of an emergency situation due to the release of formation water to the surface in the territory of oil and gas fields, the formation of technogenic meromictic reservoirs is possible, which is confirmed by the example of the Rybalske Oil Field. It is proved that the total mineralization of crater water increases linearly with depth of the reservoir occurrence, and a similar dependence is characteristic of the chloride ion content. Originality. For the first time, a multicomponent mathematical model of mineral salt migration processes in underground freshwater aquifers in the case of depressurization of a meromictic reservoir has been developed. Practical implications. The research results obtained using numerical methods make it possible to predict the processes of spreading harmful substances in drinking underground aquifers as a result of emergencies at oil and gas fields, taking into account the number of sources of pollutants penetrating the study area, the heterogeneity of properties of the environment into which the harmful substance enters, and to assess the dynamics of changes in the concentration of these substances and time with further assessment of environmental and economic damage from these processes.

Geological hazards when justifying the regulations of urban development

Relevance. Territorial planning of cities determines the reduction or prevention of possible or existing losses of the population, economic facilities and the environment from technoprirodnye hazards of different genesis. The effectiveness of planning regulations for urban development depends on the degree of validity of identification and forecasts of the occurrence and evolution of hazardous natural and technogenic processes in time and space. This, in its turn, is determined by the reliability of our ideas about the patterns of their formation and regional distribution. Aim. To identify geological hazards and propose the main engineering and geological constraints in urban planning on the example of Gomel. Objects. Natural and technical system "geological environment – technogenic impacts – hazardous natural and technoprirodnye processes". Methods. Systematic approach to the analysis of patterns of formation of hazardous natural and technoprirodic processes in the city; numerical modeling of geofiltration and geomigration processes based on the geofiltration model "GOMEL". Results. The most characteristic dangerous natural and technoprirodnye processes have been established on the example of the city of Gomel. Priority areas for the introduction of planning restrictions: tectonic situation; man-made flooding, were identified. Soil conditions are considered separately as one of the factors effecting the precipitation of natural and artificial bases under the influence of loads from civil and industrial buildings and structures. The authors have revealed the presence of disjunctive, as well as plicative in the form of flexures, age-varying and multi-scale dislocations forming the block structure of the upper part of the earth's crust of the city. It is shown that from the point of view of the stability of engineering structures, the absolute values of the velocities of long-period unidirectional block displacements are dangerous during long-term operation of structures located in interblock active zones. At the same time, short-period multidirectional movements in the active geodynamic zones of the articulation of blocks cause a change in the slope and bending of the foundations of structures. The paper introduces the engineering-geological features of the most common surface deposits: the terrigenous gray-colored formation of the Paleogene; glacial, periglacial and extraglacial formations of anthropogenic origin and their facies-genetic complexes. The authors identified the potential natural and technological hazards associated with the marked deposits. The paper demonstrates the causes and mechanisms of the formation of technogenic flooding of the city, as well as the genesis of the decrease in the deformation properties of moraine sandy loam with a technogenic increase in humidity. It is concluded that when establishing land use regulations for a city, as a rule, general measures cannot be taken, both for its entire territory and for certain stages of construction activity. The paper introduces the corresponding restrictions on the use of subsoil.

Method of dynamic updating models of the interaction model of parallel processes in embedded systems

Method of dynamic updating models of the interaction model of parallel processes in embedded systems

Hyperbolic Balance Laws: Interplay between Scales and Randomness

Hyperbolic balance laws are fundamental in the mathematical modeling of transport-dominated processes in natural, socio-economic and engineering sciences. The aim of the workshop was to discuss open questions in the area of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation and balance laws. We have focused on a delicate interplay between scale hierarchies and random/stochastic effects and discuss them from analytical, numerical and modeling point of view. This leads to questions of admissibility criteria connecting to ill-posedness of weak entropy solutions, hyperbolic problems with non-local terms, mean field theory, multiscale and structure preserving numerical methods, random solutions and uncertainty quantification methods, as well as data-based methods.

UTILIZING GAUSSIAN PROCESS REGRESSION FOR NONLINEAR MAGNETIC SEPARATION PROCESS IDENTIFICATION

This paper presents a novel approach utilizing Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to identify dynamic models with nonlinear parameters in magnetic separation processes. It aims to address the complex and dynamic nature of these processes by employing advanced modeling methods. The effectiveness of GPR is demonstrated through its application to simulated signals representing real iron ore separation processes, highlighting its potential to enhance existing models and optimize processes. Conducted within the MATLAB, this research lays the groundwork for further advancement and practical implementation. The utilization of GPR in magnetic separation offers innovative modeling of nonlinear dynamic processes, promising improved efficiency and precision in industrial applications.

Modeling of long-term radiological and toxicological impacts of the uranium mill tailings on groundwater and surface water

Modeling predictions are presented of radionuclide transport processes in the zone of influence of the Zahidne uranium mill tailings situated at the Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant (PChP), Kamianske. The groundwater transport model was developed using the NORMALYSA software. Refined estimates of parameters of water exchange in the zone of uranium mill tailing (obtained from field studies and modeling of groundwater flow processes) were used to parameterize the model for radionuclide transport in groundwater. Calibration of the radionuclide transport model using monitoring data on radioactive contamination of groundwater in 2005 - 2021 allowed to estimate the sorption distribution coefficient (Kd) for the most hazardous contaminants 238,234U isotopes (Kd = 8 ± 2 l/kg) and estimate the rate of uranium migration in groundwater. According to modeling, during the next 800 to 1100 years, uranium concentration in wells in the zone of influence of uranium mill tailing (at 500 - 800 m distance) will be determined mainly by the contamination of the alluvial aquifer, which was formed during the operation period of the uranium mill tailing. According to modeling predictions, usage of groundwater (partial drinking water consumption, irrigation) outside the PChP site downstream of the uranium mill tailing will result in doses exceeding the relevant reference level (annual effective dose > 1 mSv/year) in 380 - 440 years, while the toxicological impact will result in the exceeding of the acceptable hazard index for uranium (HI > 1) in 200 - 260 years. Modeling results indicate the importance of restricting the use of groundwater downstream of the uranium mill tailing within the PChP industrial site and, in the longer term, beyond its boundary. At the same time, contamination of the Konoplyanka River due to the migration of radionuclides from the uranium mill tailing does not pose unacceptable radiological and toxicological risks for the considered scenario (irrigation, fish consumption) due to the dilution of contaminants in surface waters.

Disclosure dilemma: Revealing biological paternity to family and others after unexpected direct‐to‐consumer genetic results

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the experiences of direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) genetic test results of recipients who learn of unexpected biological paternity, not parent expected (NPE). We characterize the process of disclosing NPE discoveries, as well as the benefits and the repercussions of such disclosures on individuals, families, and others.BackgroundThe popularity of DTC genetic testing is increasing. Consequently, many discover unexpected information about their ancestry, heritage, and paternity.MethodsThis qualitative study used an inductive thematic analysis of in‐depth interviews with adults (n = 27; aged 40–70) who received DTC genetic test results revealing unexpected biological paternity.ResultsThe NPE disclosure dilemma encompasses uncertainty about narrating their discovery; gauging the dispositions of others; wondering what repercussions may arise; and managing feelings about stigma, betrayal, and anger. Culture, history, and family dynamics are vital in navigating disclosures. A desire to understand their origins, connect with new genetic families, and validate their sense of self is essential. Biological connections of kinship remain important arbiters of relatedness for many individuals.ConclusionDisclosure of NPE discoveries differs from other stigmatized identities because the secret belongs to someone else; thus, self‐disclosure affects the entire family system.ImplicationsDrawing on family systems theory and disclosure processes model, our findings provide insights into the intricate dynamics inherent in NPE disclosure.

Bitemporal Radiative Transfer Modeling Using Bitemporal 3D-Explicit Forest Reconstruction from Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Radiative transfer models (RTMs) are often used to retrieve biophysical parameters from earth observation data. RTMs with multi-temporal and realistic forest representations enable radiative transfer (RT) modeling for real-world dynamic processes. To achieve more realistic RT modeling for dynamic forest processes, this study presents the 3D-explicit reconstruction of a typical temperate deciduous forest in 2015 and 2022. We demonstrate for the first time the potential use of bitemporal 3D-explicit RT modeling from terrestrial laser scanning on the forward modeling and quantitative interpretation of: (1) remote sensing (RS) observations of leaf area index (LAI), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), and canopy light extinction, and (2) the impact of canopy gap dynamics on light availability of explicit locations. Results showed that, compared to the 2015 scene, the hemispherical-directional reflectance factor (HDRF) of the 2022 forest scene relatively decreased by 3.8% and the leaf FAPAR relatively increased by 5.4%. At explicit locations where canopy gaps significantly changed between the 2015 scene and the 2022 scene, only under diffuse light did the branch damage and closing gap significantly impact ground light availability. This study provides the first bitemporal RT comparison based on the 3D RT modeling, which uses one of the most realistic bitemporal forest scenes as the structural input. This bitemporal 3D-explicit forest RT modeling allows spatially explicit modeling over time under fully controlled experimental conditions in one of the most realistic virtual environments, thus delivering a powerful tool for studying canopy light regimes as impacted by dynamics in forest structure and developing RS inversion schemes on forest structural changes.

Development of an Algorithm for Semantic Segmentation of Earth Remote Sensing Data to Determine Phytoplankton Populations

Introduction. Computer vision is widely used for semantic segmentation of Earth remote sensing (ERS) data. The method allows monitoring ecosystems, including aquatic ones. Algorithms that maintain the quality of semantic segmentation of ERS images are in demand, specifically, to identify areas with phytoplankton, where water blooms— the cause of suffocation — are possible. The objective of the study is to create an algorithm that processes satellite data as input information for the formation and checking of mathematical models of hydrodynamics, which are used to monitor the state of water bodies. Various algorithms for semantic segmentation are described in the literature. New research focuses on enhancing the reliability of recognition — often using neural networks. This approach is modified in the presented work. To develop the direction, a new set of information from open sources and synthetic data are proposed. They are aimed at improving the generalization ability of the model. For the first time, the contour area of the phytoplankton population is compared to the database — and thus the boundary conditions are formed for the implementation of mathematical models and the construction of boundary-adaptive grids.Materials and Methods. The set of remote sensing images was supplemented with the author's augmentation algorithm in Python. Computer vision segmented areas of phytoplankton populations in the images. The U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained on the basis of NVIDIA Tesla T4 computing accelerators.Results. To automate the detection of phytoplankton distribution areas, a computer vision algorithm based on the U-Net CNN was developed. The model was evaluated by the calculated values of the main quality metrics related to segmentation tasks. The following metric values were obtained: Precision = 0.89, Recall = 0.88, F1 = 0.87, Dice = 0.87, and IoU = 0.79. Graphical visualization of the results of CNN learning on the training and validation sets showed good quality of model learning. This is evidenced by small changes in the loss function at the end of training. The segmentation performed by the model turned out to be close to manual marking, which indicated the high quality of the proposed solution. The area of the segmented region of the phytoplankton population was calculated by the area of one pixel. The result obtained for the original image was 51202.5 (based on information about the number of pixels related to the bloom of blue-green algae). The corresponding result of the modeling was 51312.Discussion and Conclusion. The study expands theoretical and practical knowledge on the use of convolutional neural networks for semantic segmentation of space imagery data. Given the results of the work, it is possible to assess the potential for automating the process of semantic segmentation of remote sensing data to determine the boundaries of phytoplankton populations using artificial intelligence. The use of the proposed computer vision model to obtain contours of water bloom due to phytoplankton will provide for the creation of databases — the basis for environmental monitoring of water resources and predictive modeling of hydrobiological processes.

Theoretical investigation for the proline effect on peptide fragmentation induced by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in-source decay with an oxidizing matrix

The use of an oxidizing matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in-source decay (MALDI-ISD) specifically induces the cleavage of Cα-C bonds on the peptide backbone, except for bonds located on the N-terminal side of proline residues. To examine the effect of Pro residues on bond cleavage induced by MALDI-ISD with an oxidizing matrix, the small dipeptides AcAA-NH2 and AcAP-NH2 were used as models. As the fragmentation is initiated by electron transfer from the peptide to the oxidizing matrix, the dissociation chemistry of the cation radical forms of the model peptides [AcAA-NH2]+• and [AcAP-NH2]+• was investigated using quantum chemistry calculations. The [AcAA-NH2]+• can produce fragment ions not only due to Cα–C bond cleavage, but also peptide bond cleavage. Quantum chemistry calculations indicated that peptide bond cleavage of [AcAA-NH2]+• occurs more slowly compared to Cα–C bond cleavage. Instead of Cα–C bond cleavage, the bond on the N-terminal side of Pro residue undergoes peptide bond cleavage during MALDI-ISD with an oxidizing matrix, due to the lack of an amide hydrogen in the Pro residue. The [AcAP-NH2]+• undergoes proton migration from the δ-carbon of the Pro residue. Depending on the proton binding site in the peptide cation radical, the peptide bond cleavage of [AcAP-NH2]+• results in the formation of either [b1]+, and [y1]•, or [a1]• and [y1]+. These theoretical results are consistent with experimental findings, and the newly proposed mechanism involving peptide cation radical formation followed by proton migration provides a more accurate model for the MALDI-ISD processes.

Service spacecraft for space debris removal

The problem of space debris removal from the near-Earth space is being studied in almost every country taking part in space exploration. This is due to the global threat of critical increase in the number of space debris objects predicted for the near future, in particular as a result of significant growth in demand for multi-satellite constellations for various purposes. To date, researchers have proposed a large number of different methods for space debris removal. The work presented is the development of one of the promising contactless methods of space debris removal by an ion beam. The results of modeling and optimization of physical processes in the ion source to be mounted on board a service spacecraft that is necessary for implementing the considered method of space debris removal are presented. Besides, the results of thermal modeling and thermal mapping of the ion source during its operation are presented also, and the calculation results of its output parameters are compared to experimental data, which verified the small divergence angles of the generated ion beam. To assess the prospects of using a system for contactless space debris transportation by an ion beam using the obtained data on the operating parameters of the ion source, the trajectory design and mission analysis were carried out, which revealed the feasibility of removing seven space debris objects out of the protected region in geostationary orbit by a single service spacecraft. Besides, the preliminary service spacecraft design is presented.

Model of the non-stationary thermal processes in the ground heat pump system

One of the main directions for improving heat supply systems is the tendency to switch to low-temperature heating systems by using heat pump units is the tendency of implementation the low-temperature heating systems based on the use of heat pump units. In the work, the main attention is focused on the improvement of thermal parameters and circuit design features of elements of the heat pump system of heat supply using soil energy. For this purpose, the toolkit of mathematical modelling of processes in ground heat pumps is applied, taking into account the climatic conditions of Ukraine. The paper proves the technical possibility of creating an autonomous system of alternative heat supply for energy-saving technologies with the possibility of using ground energy, taking into account environmental requirements. It is substantiated that the use of the proposed systems is a promising direction for Ukraine, which is experiencing a shortage of its own energy resources, because it provides an opportunity to increase the share of organic fuel substitution and reduce the volume of heat emissions into the environment. A mathematical model of heat processes in the elements of the heat exchange equipment of the heat pump system based on renewable energy (soil energy) and secondary energy (wastewater) was developed, taking into account environmental requirements (preventing hypothermia of the soil during the operation of soil pipes and damage to vegetation, respectively), which allows choosing a rational mode of operation of the system under seasonal climatic changes and technological conditions. Numerical modelling of heat processes in elements of the heat exchange equipment of the heat pump system using groundwater and waste water was performed, and the energy and environmental efficiency of the system under variable climatic and technological factors was determined. Analysis and generalization of the calculation results of the heat pump heat supply systems using alternative energy based on the proposed mathematical model, taking into account environmental requirements (preventing thermal relaxation of the soil) allows to take into account the change in the temperature gradient around the soil heat exchanger and more accurately determine the heat flow from each section of the heat exchanger. It has been established that for heat pumps with soil heat exchangers, the maximum substitution ratio of the traditional fuel is 75 %, and the economically feasible quantity of soil heat exchangers is 9 units. Heat pumps using waste water can completely replace traditional heat supply systems. For individual consumers, it is possible to recommend heat pump units with soil heat exchangers, at the same time, it is necessary to provide a backup source of energy to increase the reliability of heat supply.

Simulation of recrystallization of cold-rolled automotive sheet depending on the degree of deformation, annealing temperature and chemical composition

The article presents the results of modeling the recrystallization of a cold-rolled sheet of 10 grades of automotive steels of various chemical composition. Mathematical models of recrystallization processes in cold-rolled sheets of the studied steels have been developed, which describe with satisfactory accuracy both the kinetics of the process during isothermal annealing and the grain size of recrystallized ferrite. The developed recrystallization model predicts with sufficient accuracy the kinetics of crystallization under conditions of heating at an arbitrary rate and subsequent isothermal exposure, which are used in annealing cold-rolled sheets on industrial production lines. The developed recrystallization model adequately takes into account both the influence of the carbon content and the main alloying elements of substitution (Mn, Si, Nb, Ti) on the kinetics of the process

The paleo-oceanic environment and organic matter enrichment mechanism of the early Cambrian in the southern Lower Yangtze Platform, China

This study focuses on the Lower Yangtze Platform located in southern Anhui Province, focusing on the black shale of the early Cambrian Hetang Formation as the primary research subject. Three field sections representing distinct sedimentary structural units were selected for investigation. Analytical methodologies encompassing organic geochemistry, elemental geochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to reconstruct paleo-oceanic environmental conditions. These analyses aimed to elucidate the characteristics of marine surface productivity and identify the factors controlling organic matter formation, thereby establishing a model for organic matter accumulation processes. These findings suggest that the Jiangnan paleo-uplift exerted differentiated control over organic matter formation and accumulation. Specifically, the barrier function of the paleo-uplift fostered a relatively enclosed and restricted water environment in certain regions, which proved conducive to the formation, accumulation, and preservation of organic matter. Furthermore, the paleo-upwelling system and hydrothermal groundwater circulation triggered by the activation of the Jiangnan deep fault played crucial roles in controlling the formation and accumulation of organic matter in the early Cambrian. Notably, the research also revealed that intermittent hydrothermal activity had a dual impact on organic matter accumulation within various paleo-oceanic settings. This process potentially facilitated organic matter enrichment and led to the dilution of organic matter concentrations.

PVC Dechlorination for Facilitating Plastic Chemical Recycling: A Systematic Literature Review of Technical Advances, Modeling and Assessment

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins are widely used in modern society due to their acid and alkali resistance, low cost, and strong insulation properties. However, the high chlorine (Cl) content in PVC poses significant challenges for its recycling. This study reviews the treatment processes, model construction, and economic and environmental assessments to construct a methodological framework for the sustainable development of emerging dechlorination technologies. In terms of treatment processes, this study summarizes three types of processes, pretreatment, simultaneous dechlorination during chemical recycling, product purification, and emphasizes the necessity of dechlorination treatment from a systematic perspective. Additionally, the construction of models for dechlorination processes is investigated from the laboratory to the industrial production system to macro-scale material, in order to evaluate the potential inventory data and material metabolism behaviors. This review also summarized the methodology framework of Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which can be applied for evaluation of the economic and environmental performance of the dechlorination processes. Overall, this review provides readers with a comprehensive perspective on the state-of-the-art for PVC dechlorination technologies, meanwhile offering sustainable guidance for future research and industrial applications of chemical recycling of PVC waste.

Possible roles of neuropeptide/transmitter and autoantibody modulation in emotional problems and aggression.

The theoretical foundations of understanding psychiatric disorders are undergoing changes. Explaining behaviour and neuroendocrine cell communication leaning towards immunology represents a different approach compared to previous models for understanding complex central nervous system processes. One such approach is the study of immunoglobulins or autoantibodies, and their effect on peptide hormones in the neuro-endocrine system. In the present review, we provide an overview of the literature on neuropeptide/transmitter and autoantibody modulation in psychiatric disorders featuring emotional problems and aggression, including associated illness behaviour. Finally, we discuss the role of psycho-immunology as a growing field in the understanding of psychiatric disorders, and that modulation and regulation by IgG autoAbs represent a relatively new subcategory in psycho-immunology, where studies are currently being conducted.

Thermal Energy Resource Potentials of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf as a “Solar Pond”

Introduction. The use of environmentally-friendly engineering systems including solar energy technologies makes it possible to reduce energy costs and therefore to lower production costs and anthropogenic stress on the environment.Aim of the Study. The authors used innovative techniques to assess the thermal resource potential of solar radiation, to analyze the salt deposits of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf as thermal accumulators for the development, introduction and use of solar thermal technologies and to justify the technical and economic feasibility of their use in engineering systems in the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf (Caspian region).Meterials and Methods. The study design is based on systematic theoretical calculations of the gross, technical, economic and ecological potentials of solar radiation taking into account environmental conditions. For calculating there were used the methods of mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer processes in active solar energy systems when converting solar energy into thermal energy in the salty reservoir of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf as a “solar pond”.Results. There have been assessed the solar energy characteristics for the introduction of various engineering storage systems and technologies. There have been determined the results of energy storage on the reservoir salt surface during the day: in winter – 1 009.0 W/m2 per day, in summer – 1 574.7 W/m2 per day. It has been proven that the potential of solar energy conversion into thermal energy varies from 40 to 70% depending on the season. Aaccording to theoretical calculations, the solar pond efficiency in winter is 11.4% and in summer – 14.6%. In summer, there was measured the average temperature on the salt surface of the reservoir bottom, it ranges from 55.04 to 79.8 ºC, in winter from 20.0 to 25.6 ºC.Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained can be used for strengthening energy security, developing energy systems and producing autonomous thermal power devices based on solar energy that will reduce the energy consumption of fossil fuels and improve the environmental situation in the region. The materials of the article can be used in preparing design estimates and feasibility study for developing various solar energy systems and technologies in the Caspian region.

Increasing photovoltaic self-consumption for objects using domestic hot water systems

The technique of estimating the expected decrease in electricity consumption from the grid and using PV energy for the taken load schedule based on archival data for 5 years is refined. With full self-consumption (SC), the reduction of consumption from the grid can be increased by 9.5%–30.7% for a year according to the rated PV power. Consumption should increase when PV generation exceeds a certain value. A discrete time control of the power of an electric storage boiler (ESB) is proposed based on the deviation of the storage battery (SB) state of charge from a given schedule with a heating concentration during hours of high PV generation. In the considered application, it is possible to increase SC by up to 21%. Reducing the load in the evening allows us to use SB energy to reduce consumption from the grid at night. The possibility of complete photovoltaic SC when the ESB is used with an air conditioner is substantiated. Limitations for air conditioner energy consumption according to PV generation are determined. The system’s 24h model of energy processes is supplemented with a thermal model. The standard use of ESB with water temperature maintenance was also considered for comparison. ESB power control allows you to reduce daily energy consumption from the grid by 1.7–2 times. When combining an adjustable ESB with an air conditioner, it is possible to reduce consumption from the grid by 1.466–1.558 times at minimum and increase consumption from the grid by 2–5% at maximum air conditioner consumption.

Систематизация показателей, отражающих состояние ключевых факторов в модели экономического развития региона

Unstable economic development affects the national economy. The rate, severity, and direction of the current transformations in the context of global changes and the new world order place new demands on the sustainability and stability of such economic systems as regions. Development is a directed process of transformation that affects all the constituent aspects of the developing object. The author examined the mechanism of regional economic development as a unity of investment attractiveness, innovative activity, and labor productivity. The research objective was to systematize the indicators of these factors as a generalized logical diagram. It is a model of economic development driven by a totality of elements aimed at creating and maintaining a system of sustainable and balanced economic development of the region. The study relied on a review of domestic publications, as well as on the method of logical analysis, content analysis, description, and generalization. The method of system identification made it possible to construct a generalized logical diagram. By using a targeted impact on economic processes, one can create a system of sustainable and balanced economic development of the region based on an efficient model of consistent economic processes. The results can be applied in various areas of economic development.