Process Supervision Research Articles

How Scheduled Maintenance Affects Anaerobic Digester Supervision Through Modelling: A Practical Approach

Anaerobic digestion plays a crucial role in the transition toward a circular economy. Incorporating system supervision through mathematical modelling can enhance control and resilience. This study aims to assess the impact of scheduled digester maintenance on the effectiveness of modelling as a tool for monitoring and control. Data from a pilot-scale plug-flow digester were analyzed using an adapted ADM1 model. The maintenance involved halting the digester and removing sedimented solids. Model calibration indicated solid retention in the first two zones of the reactor, while the hydrolysis coefficient and biogas potential remained at 0.122 d−1 and 100.4 mL CH4/gVS, respectively. The average biogas production decreased from 156 to 109 mL/gVS pre- and post-maintenance. Simulations showed a decline in the model’s predictive accuracy after maintenance. To improve model fit, the initial conditions, solids retention, and kinetic parameters were adjusted. Optimal performance was achieved with khyd at 0.045 d−1 and B0 at 52.28 mL gVS−1, revealing an issue with the digester’s heating system. In conclusion, maintenance can significantly alter digester conditions, requiring model recalibration to maintain its effectiveness as a digital copilot for process supervision.

Research on the Management of College Students' Employment Process Based on the Perspective of "Diagnosis and Reform 8-Character Spiral"

Due to the lack of theoretical guidance, some college students lack systematic and scientific planning and process supervision after setting their own career goals, resulting in wavering temporary employment goals in the later stage, missing the best opportunity for employment, and unable to achieve the optimal choice for employment. This article focuses on the dual supervision of students' goal achievement process and results through the "8-character spiral of diagnosis and reform", using both dynamic and static states. It emphasizes both the "completion time" diagnosis and reform and the "progress time" diagnosis and reform. Among them, the "completion time" diagnostic reform aims to stimulate knowledge innovation, while the "progress time" diagnostic reform aims to achieve real-time regulation.

AI-Based Integrated Smart Process Sensor for Emulsion Control in Industrial Application

In industry, reliable process supervision is essential to ensure efficient, safe, and high-quality production. The droplet size distribution represents a critical quality attribute for emulsification processes and should be monitored. For emulsion characterization, image-based analysis methods are well-known but are often performed offline, leading to a time-delayed and error-prone process evaluation. The use of an integrated smart process sensor to characterize the emulsification process over time enables the real-time evaluation of the entire system. The presented integrated smart process sensor consists of an optical measurement flow cell built into a camera system. The overall system is placed in a bypass system of a production plant for emulsification processes. AI-based image evaluation is used in combination with a feature extraction method (You Only Look Once version 4 (YOLOv4) and Hough circle (HC)) to characterize the process over time. The sensor system is installed in the plant and tested with different cosmetic products. Various iteration, prototyping, and test steps for the final sensor design are performed prior to this in a laboratory test setup. The results indicate robust and accurate detection and determination of the droplet size in real time to improve product control and save time. For benchmarking the integrated smart process sensor, the results are compared with common analysis methods using offline samples.

Exploration and Innovative Research on the Construction of Practical Training Bases for Art Majors in Science and Engineering Universities from the Perspective of "Double First Class" Construction

With the country's high-quality evaluation requirements for the construction of "double first-class" university majors, the construction universities have reorganized the development direction and positioning of majors to play a supporting role in the construction of "double first-class" and lay a solid foundation for high-quality talent cultivation. As an art major in a science and engineering university, how to support the "double first-class" discipline construction system through innovative education and teaching systems is a problem that needs to be solved for art majors. Practical training as an important part of practical teaching in art majors, practical training plays an important role in practical education and is an effective channel to transform knowledge into skills. Over the years, the college has attached great importance to the innovative construction of practical training bases. Through cooperation with enterprises, it has summed up successful experiences in the process of base construction, explored the collaborative education new model between schools and enterprises, innovated measures in practical teaching system reform, institutional guarantee, process supervision, assessment and evaluation system, and laid a solid foundation for the construction of "double first-class" university majors and high-quality talent cultivation.

Come cambia il lavoro organizzato nell’epoca della digitalizzazione. Una lettura eliasiana

This paper contributes to the debate on the relationship between managerial control and organizational autonomy of employees, by highlighting the general directions in which this relationship has developed over time since the post-Fordist turn of half a century ago. These changes are accelerated and made more evident by the processes that go by the names of automation (1980s-1990s), informatization (mid-1990s-early 2000s), and digitization/Fourth Industrial Revolution. To this end, primary research data will not be analyzed here; instead, a rather diverse literature will be reviewed, both theoretical and empirical, addressing key themes for interpreting the changing situations of organized labor. The interpretative framework is primarily constituted by some conceptual categories borrowed from Norbert Elias’ processual sociology, summarized in the following points: a) the processual conception of social reality; b) power relations; c) the process of civilization; d) the relationship between I-identity and We-identity in contemporary society. Digitalization in organized work accentuates a most general trend, already clearly observable in the past but especially from the post-Fordist turn, towards forms of managerial control based more on employees self-control and assessment of outcomes than direct supervision of the work processes.

Principal Change Management Processes and Secondary School Goal Attainment in Cross River State, Nigeria

The study investigated principals' change management processes and secondary school goal attainment in Cross River State, Nigeria. To meet the study's objectives, three research questions were posed, and three null hypotheses were developed to lead the investigation. The literature review was based on the variables and hypotheses that had been developed. For the study, a survey research design was used. The population of the study comprised two hundred and ninety (290) secondary school teachers in Yala Local Government Area in Cross River State. However, the sample size selected for this study comprised one hundred and sixty-two (162) secondary school teachers in the study area who answered the questionnaire. The main instrument used was a research questionnaire titled Principal Change Process and Secondary School Goal Attainment Questionnaire (PCMPSSGAQ), which had been verified by two researchers from the University of Calabar's Department of Vocational Education. Regarding the research questions, the acquired data was evaluated using the standard deviation as well as the mean. The degree of consensus or discord was calculated by taking the mean across the nominal scores assigned to each choice. The mean score of the scale was 2.50 on a 4-point rating scale. Comparably, the hypotheses were assessed using an independent t-test at the 0.05 level of significance. The results of the investigation indicate that staff training, communication of the change process, and change process supervision have a substantial influence on secondary school achievement of objectives. It was recommended that the secondary school board of Cross River State prioritize staff training and retraining programs in the secondary school system for goal achievement.

Advancing human–robot collaboration in handcrafted manufacturing: cobot-assisted polishing design boosted by virtual reality and human-in-the-loop

Industry 5.0 envisions a future where seamless collaboration between humans and robots enhances efficiency, innovation, and coevolution. While collaborative robots have found widespread applications in manufacturing, particularly in tasks like pick-and-place and assembly, their integration into handcrafted manufacturing processes presents unique challenges. This article focuses on advancing technology in the less-explored field of cobot-assisted handcrafted manufacturing, specifically in the fashion industry, with a priority on reducing work-related risks. In handcrafted processes, which often involve intricate and artistic work, cobots face challenges related to nuanced decision-making, adaptability to customizations, and the need for precise manual dexterity. The study delves into the cobot-assisted polishing of leather shoes, addressing issues associated with product delicacy, process and knowledge formalization, versatility, and integration into existing manufacturing processes. To overcome these challenges, the research proposes the application of cobots in the initial polishing phase, which is the most physically demanding, allowing artisans to focus on finalization, quality control, and process supervision. The study also applies the concept of human-in-the-loop (HITL) and virtual reality simulation to optimize collaboration, ensuring safety, ergonomics, and efficiency. The article contributes to the scientific and industrial communities by pioneering the study of collaborative robotics in craftsmanship, successfully implementing human–robot collaboration (HRC) in an industrial setting, demonstrating the effectiveness of virtual simulation and HITL, and prioritizing human factors throughout the design and development of HRC. The insights gained from this research are crucial for achieving practical solutions in industrial environments while aligning with the performance objectives of companies and workers’ well-being.

Exploration of Innovation Ability Cultivation Pattern for Environmental Students based on Open Experiments

The cultivation of innovation ability is especially important for students majoring in environmental science and engineering. In order to solve the problems existing in the process of traditional innovation ability cultivation, a novel pattern of innovation ability cultivation for environmental science and engineering majors based on open experiments is proposed. Through the exploration of platform construction, project declaration, process supervision and effect evaluation, an innovation-oriented open experiment system is constructed and put into practice, which provides students with richer practice opportunities and innovation space, further improves students' practical ability and innovation ability, and is a scientific and effective mode of cultivation of innovation ability.

How do industrial land transfer modes impact carbon emissions? An intermediation perspective based on industrial structure.

Industrial land is currently the main carrier and important source of global carbon emissions, and as the world's largest developing country, China's large-scale and diversified industrial land supply has made it the world's largest carbon emitter. Therefore, researching the impact of different supply methods of industrial land on carbon emissions and its impact paths in China can help provide a reference for other countries to reduce carbon emissions from the perspective of urban industrial land management, which is of great significance for effectively promoting global carbon reduction. Based on this, this paper analyses the impact of different supply methods of industrial land on carbon emissions and its urban heterogeneity using the SYS-GMM and chain-mediated effects models for 285 cities in China from 2008 to 2020. The study found that, in general, the impact of different industrial land transfer modes on carbon emission has hysteresis and persistence. Agreement and listing transfer with government intervention can significantly exacerbate carbon emissions, while more market-based bidding and auction transfer can dampen carbon emissions. In terms of intermediary effects, the transfer of industrial land by agreement and listing will inhibit the rationalization and advancement of industrial structure, thus aggravating carbon emissions. The transfer of industrial land by bidding and auction will create barriers to entry and a crowding-out effect, promote the rationalization of industrial structure and the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and moderate carbon emissions. In terms of city heterogeneity, there is urban heterogeneity in the impact of industrial land transfer on carbon emissions in cities with different economic types. Bidding and auction transfer for industrial land in both economically developed and less developed cities can promote carbon pollution. While the more developed urban economy makes the intermediary effect of industrial structure not significant. In the future, it is necessary to strictly control the scale of industrial land supply; the whole process supervision mechanism of industrial land allocation and differentiated industrial land supply strategies will provide useful experience for many developing countries in allocating industrial land to mitigate carbon emissions, generating effective contributions to global carbon emission reduction.

Research and Application of the Architecture of the Full Process Supervision Information System for Hazardous Chemicals

Research and Application of the Architecture of the Full Process Supervision Information System for Hazardous Chemicals

INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION IN PROMOTION OF CHILD-FRIENDLY LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN RURAL PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MERU COUNTY, KENYA

Effective head teachers’ management practices should be aimed at fostering all-inclusive and child-focused learning environments for quality learning and the general well-being of all learners. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of instructional supervision in the promotion of a child-friendly learning environment in rural-based public primary schools in Meru County. The study utilised a descriptive survey design and targeted 775 teachers in rural-based public primary schools in Meru County. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample of 155 teachers. Data was collected through questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between instructional supervision and the promotion of a child-friendly learning environment (r (146) = .22, P = .007). The instructional supervision practices in the study were focused on: supervision of instructional processes, professional development, teacher empowerment, and instruction and guidance on curriculum delivery. Based on the findings, there is a need to improve on direct supervision of instructional processes towards enhancing teaching conditions and quality of learning. The study recommends that head teachers need to receive more in-service training in areas of professional development, and curriculum and assessment. The study further recommends that the government needs to avail more resources for continuous teacher empowerment and professional development plans.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Study on the Whole Process Supervision Technology of Digital Intelligent Enabling for Building Safety and Quality Appraisal Institutions

In order to fully implement the "Notice of The General Office of the State Council on Printing and Printing the Special Rectification Work Plan for the Safety of Self-built Houses", in view of the endless collapse of houses such as self-built houses, the traditional supervision methods of housing safety appraisal agencies are dishonest and the agency appraisal reports are distorted. Based on the principle of "the whole process of Internet + digital intelligence", this paper develops a set of digital and intelligent regulatory software system suitable for regulatory departments. It mainly introduces the basic application functions of this system, and takes the whole-area appraisal project of Taizhou City as an example to show that this regulatory system manages in all aspects such as human, machine, material, law and environment. The system has the advantages of thoughtful use steps, simple steps, scientific and accurate. At the end of this paper, the benefits and promotion value of the whole process of intelligent enabling supervision system are summarized and analyzed.

Development and validation of the screening tool for age-related hearing loss in the community based on the information platform

IntroductionCurrently, age-related hearing loss has become prevalent, awareness and screening rates remain dismally low. Duing to several barriers, as time, personnel training and equipment costs, available hearing screening tools do not adequately meet the need for large-scale hearing detection in community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, an accurate, convenient, and inexpensive hearing screening tool is needed to detect hearing loss, intervene early and reduce the negative consequences and burden of untreated hearing loss on individuals, families and society.ObjectivesThe study harnessed "medical big data" and "intelligent medical management" to develop a multi-dimensional screening tool of age-related hearing loss based on WeChat platform.MethodsThe assessment of risk factors was carried out by cross-sectional survey, logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Combining risk factor assessment, Hearing handicap inventory for the elderly screening version and analog audiometry, the screening software was been developed by JavaScript language and been evaluated and verified.ResultsA total of 401 older adults were included in the cross-sectional study. Logistic regression model (univariate, multivariate) and reference to literature mention rate of risk factors, 18 variables (male, overweight/obesity, living alone, widowed/divorced, history of noise, family history of deafness, non-light diet, no exercising habit, smoking, drinking, headset wearer habit, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hyperuricemia, hypothyroidism, history of ototoxic drug use) were defined as risk factors. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the cumulative score of risk factors for early prediction of age-related hearing loss was 0.777 [95% CI (0.721, 0.833)]. The cumulative score threshold of risk factors was defined as 4, to classify the older adults into low-risk (< 4) and high-risk (≥ 4) hearing loss groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the screen tool were 100%, 65.5%, 71.8%, and 100.0%, respectively. The Kappa index was 0.6.ConclusionsThe screening software enabled the closed loop management of real-time data transmission, early warning, management, whole process supervision of the hearing loss and improve self-health belief in it. The software has huge prospects for application as a screening approach for age-related hearing loss.

Design of E-Monitoring Application for Construction Project Program Evaluation Website Based

A construction project is a series of interrelated activities to achieve certain goals (building/construction) within certain time, cost and quality limits. Rehabilitation and Reconstruction is one of the post-disaster disaster management projects. The success of a project can not only be seen from the completion time and final results of the project, but one important factor is the project progress report which is always monitored. E-monitoring is the supervision and monitoring of work processes through the use of information technology. In this research, the system development method used is the waterfall method and the system testing method uses black box testing. The monitoring and evaluation system for construction projects in rehabilitation and reconstruction at the Central Sulawesi Regional Settlement Infrastructure Center can display information about the progress of construction projects for rehabilitation and reconstruction at the Central Sulawesi Regional Settlement Infrastructure Center. This system can also speed up data searches, data processing and can process data

Towards the Augmentation of Digital Twin Performance.

Digital Twin (DT) aims to provide industrial companies with an interface to visualize, analyze, and simulate the production process, improving overall performance. This paper proposes to extend existing DT by adding a complementary methodology to make it suitable for process supervision. To implement our methodology, we introduce a novel framework that identifies, collects, and analyses data from the production system, enhancing DT functionalities. In our case study, we implemented Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in the immersive environment to monitor physical processes through cyber representation. First, a review of the Digital Twin (DT) allows us to understand the status of the existing methodologies as well as the problem of data contextualization in recent years. Based on this review, performance data in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are identified, localized, and processed to generate indicators for monitoring machine and production line performance through DT. Finally, a discussion reveals the difficulties of integration and the possibilities to respond to other major industrial challenges, like predictive maintenance.

The Janus face of supervision – quality control or learning? A study of supervision of employees in the Norwegian Child welfare service

ABSTRACT Supervision of employees in child welfare services (CWS) has many functions. Developments in recent years show that the function of supervision as an instrument for quality control has been strengthened. This can weaken the function of supervision as a source of learning and development. It appears that there is relatively little research on how managers and employees in the CWS perceive the balance between supervision as quality control, and supervision as a means of developing the CWS into a service that can continuously improve its practice, and become a learning organization. In our research we focus on in what way can supervision of employees in the CWS contribute to quality development and learning? We have interviewed both Child Welfare Managers and employees in Norwegian CWS. Both parts agree that case supervision is important for quality control, but this must be balanced against the need for a critical voice in supervision, and learning from each other in collective learning processes, where process supervision can play a very important role. In the Norwegian CWS, the employees in particular believe that process supervision must be better safeguarded than what they experience in current practice.

An integrated approach using multi-source data for effective pollution risk monitoring of urban rivers: a case study of Hangzhou.

With the rapid urbanization of cities, water pollution has emerged as a major challenge to their sustainable development. To tackle this problem, we developed a river pollution risk management system that integrates multi-source data and includes risk identification, early warning, and control. We applied this system to a case study of urban rivers in Hangzhou, China. The results indicated that the measured and effect values of urban river water quality in Hangzhou were 1.01 and 1.14, respectively, indicating mild pollution levels. NH3-N is the main risk factor, with poor supervision and land use being the main risk sources. River pollution risk in different drainage zones demonstrated stratification. Since 2012, the measured risk of water quality in Hangzhou has been decreasing, mainly concentrated in the built-up area; however, the effect risk has been increasing, especially in the new center and sub-center of the city. Based on these findings, three strategies for urban river pollution control are suggested: water ecology source rehabilitation, water environment process supervision, and water pollution end management. The results of this study extend the understanding of urban water environment risk and provide implications for sustainable urban planning.

Exploration of Centralized Purchasing Management Platform for Research Reagent Supplies Based on One-stop Service

The national requirements for the fund management of scientific research projects are becoming more stringent, so that it is convenient to carry out scientific research work and can strengthen the regulation of scientific research reagent procurement, so this study explores the standardization of the whole process of the procurement of scientific research reagent supplies in hospitals and new modes of management. By exploring the implementation of the centralized procurement management platform, we engage in full process supervision before, during, and after the event. Introduction of centralized procurement management platform for scientific research reagent supplies can normalize the procurement process, ensure the quality of procurement and improve the procurement efficiency on the basis of ensuring the quality of scientific research. The new model of centralized procurement of full process management based on one-stop service for scientific research reagent supplies is an important part of improving the fine scale management of public hospitals, and it is of great significance in improving the level of scientific research in China and avoiding scientific research corruption.

Robotic friction stir welding – seam-tracking control, force control and process supervision

Purpose This study aims to enable robotic friction stir welding (FSW) in practice. The use of robots has hitherto been limited, because of the large contact forces necessary for FSW. These forces are detrimental for the position accuracy of the robot. In this context, it is not sufficient to rely on the robot’s internal sensors for positioning. This paper describes and evaluates a new method for overcoming this issue. Design/methodology/approach A closed-loop robot control system for seam-tracking control and force control, running and recording data in real-time operation, was developed. The complete system was experimentally verified. External position measurements were obtained from a laser seam tracker and deviations from the seam were compensated for, using feedback of the measurements to a position controller. Findings The proposed system was shown to be working well in overcoming position error. The system is flexible and reconfigurable for batch and short production runs. The welds were free of defects and had beneficial mechanical properties. Research limitations/implications In the experiments, the laser seam tracker was used both for control feedback and for performance evaluation. For evaluation, it would be better to use yet another external sensor for position measurements, providing ground truth. Practical implications These results imply that robotic FSW is practically realizable, with the accuracy requirements fulfilled. Originality/value The method proposed in this research yields very accurate seam tracking as compared to previous research. This accuracy, in turn, is crucial for the quality of the resulting material.

A Financial Management Platform Based on the Integration of Blockchain and Supply Chain.

Internet of Things (IoT) finance extends financial services to the whole physical commodity society with the help of IoT technology to realize financial automation and intelligence. However, the security of IoT finance still needs to be improved. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, immutability, faster settlement, etc., and has been gradually applied to the field of IoT finance. Blockchain is also considered to be an effective way to resolve the problems of the traditional supply chain finance industry, such as the inability to transmit core enterprise credit, the failure of full-chain business information connections and the difficulty of clearing and settlement. Supply chain finance allows the strongest enterprise in the supply chain to apply for credit guarantee from the bank to obtain bank loans, and use the funds for circulation in the supply chain to ensure that each enterprise in the whole supply chain can obtain working capital to realize profits, so as to maximize common interests. In this paper, a financial management platform based on the integration of blockchain and supply chain has been designed and implemented. Blockchain is used to integrate supply chain finance to synchronize the bank account payment system, realize the automatic flow of funds, process supervision and automatically settle account periods based on smart contracts. The four functional modules of the system are designed using unified modeling language (UML), and the model view controller (MVC) architecture is selected as the main architecture of the system. The results of the system test show that the proposed platform can effectively improve the system security, and can use the information in the blockchain to provide multi-level financing services for enterprises in supply chain finance.