Process Orientation Research Articles

Review of Chemistry Learning Strategy Based on Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL)

This study aimed to review the application of Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) in chemistry learning strategies by analysing reputable international journal documents between 2012 and 2022. The method used was a literature study with 47 articles on POGIL-based chemistry learning strategies. The results of the analysis showed that POGIL-based chemistry learning strategies applied to college students and high school students can improve learning achievement, self-efficacy, critical thinking, problem-solving, science processing skills, representational abilities, multiple intelligences and other skills. The chemical study materials were about basic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry and inorganic chemistry. In addition, several researchers used the POGIL syntax at different stages from the original idea of Moog and Spencer because the design of POGIL activities adapted to the skills to be improved. Furthermore, there are limitations to the application of POGIL-based chemistry learning strategies, which require more time to implement. Keywords: POGIL, chemistry, learning strategies

Implementation of the Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning With Socioscientific Issues of Environmental Pollution to Improve Student Scientific Literacy

This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) model with the Socioscientific Issues (SSI) of environmental pollution in an effort to improve students’ scientific knowledge. The population in this research was 53 grade VII students at a junior high school in Bandung. The research used a quasi-experimental design with 24 multiple choice questions as the research instrument. The experimental group was taught through the POGIL model with the SSI context, while the control group was taught through a scientific approach. Based on data analysis, the n-gain category of scientific knowledge of the experimental class in content knowledge, procedural, and epistemic domains were dominant in the medium category of 50%, high of 46%, and high of 73%. The n-gain category of the control class in content knowledge, procedural, and epistemic domains was dominant in the low category of 52%, low of 41% and high of 67%. The result obtained from the t-test on normal and homogenous data showed that there was a significant difference. Based on the data analysis, the scientific literacy skill of students who received POGIL with SSI was better than students who received the scientific approach, and the attainment of students’ scientific knowledge domains was in the high category. Keywords: implementation, inquiry learning, socioscientific issues, environmental pollution, student Literacy

Physical fitness of youth students and state of readiness for military service

Among the main state tasks of improving the physical education system, experts single out the orientation of the programmatic and normative foundations of the physical education system of different age groups of the population. Physical fitness and readiness of schoolchildren for military service is a very relevant issue not only in the discussed and mechanisms of action. In the context of our state, the physical training of schoolchildren today is primarily the ability of citizens to protect, defend the territorial integrity of Ukraine and ensure the borders defined by international law. The presented vision regarding the physical fitness of its members and the model of physical fitness of student youth. The preparation of youth for military service is emphasized on the following points: in modern conditions, the preparation of Ukrainian citizens for military service is one of the main directions of state policy, and therefore the preparation of youth for the defense of the Motherland remains one of the factors of strengthening the state's defense capability; Currently, there is a positive trend in the attitude of citizens towards the need for initial military physical training in general educational institutions. This indicates the need to strengthen military-patriotic work with students; in the conditions of an increase in military personnel who serve under a contract, as well as a reduction in the terms of service under the draft, the question of the mobilization reserve often arises. The model of the physical training system in the military, which should be oriented towards a high initial level of physical fitness of the youth, intensification of the physical training process, increasing the level of general physical fitness of servicemen, priority development of the military-applied orientation of the physical training process, sports orientation of the physical training process, ensuring the functional readiness of the body each serviceman to perform service and combat tasks. The contribution of each component of the integral assessment of the physical readiness of young people, such as general physical fitness, special physical fitness, military- applied physical fitness and the state of the cardiovascular system, was determined. Filling the model with specific results in motor tests to determine the sufficiency or insufficiency of certain aspects of preparedness and the orientation of the means of physical training of an individual young man to achieve the appropriate standards.

Influence of Proteins and Building Direction on the Corrosion and Tribocorrosion of CoCrMo Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion.

Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys are common wear-exposed biomedical alloys and are manufactured in multiple ways, increasingly using additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Here, we investigate the effect of proteins and the manufacturing process (wrought vs LPBF) and building orientation (LPBF-XY and XZ) on the corrosion, metal release, tribocorrosion, and surface oxide composition by means of electrochemical, mechanical, microscopic, diffractive, and spectroscopic methods. The study was conducted at pH 7.3 in 5 g/L NaCl and 5 mM 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer, which was found to be necessary to avoid metal phosphate and metal-protein aggregate precipitation. The effect of 10 g/L bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 2.5 g/L fibrinogen (Fbn) was studied. BSA and Fbn strongly enhanced the release of Co, Cr, and Mo and slightly enhanced the corrosion (still in the passive domain) for all CoCrMo alloys and most for LPBF-XZ, followed by LPBF-XY and the wrought CoCrMo. BSA and Fbn, most pronounced when combined, significantly decreased the coefficient of friction due to lubrication, the wear track width and severity of the wear mechanism, and the tribocorrosion for all alloys, with no clear effect of the manufacturing type. The wear track area was significantly more oxidized than the area outside of the wear track. In the reference solution without proteins, a strong Mo oxidation in the wear track surface oxide was indicative of a pH decrease and cell separation of the anodic and cathodic areas. This effect was absent in the presence of the proteins.

Understanding the two-stage degradation process of peach gum polysaccharide within ultrasonic field

This study investigated the dynamic degradation process of peach gum polysaccharide (PGPS) within ultrasonic field. The results show that the molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity, and polydispersity of PGPS were rapidly reduced within the initial 30 min and then gradually decreased. The solubility of PGPS was drastically improved from 3.0% to 40.0–42.0% (w/w) after 120 min. The conformation of PGPS changed from an extended chain to a flexible random coil within initial time of ultrasound, and gradually tended to be compact spheres. The apparent viscosity of PGPS significantly decreased after 30 min, and PGPS solution exhibited a near-Newtonian fluid behavior. It is possible that these above changes are a result of random cleavage of the decrosslinking and the backbone of PGPS, resulting in the preservation of its primary structure. The results will provide a fundamental basis for orientation design and process control of ultrasonic degradation of PGPS.

A Review on Process Parameter Optimization in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing using Thermoplastic

Material extrusion is one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing techniques which utilizes thermoplastics as the building material. The quality and performance of parts produced via material extrusion depends highly on the process parameters selected. This paper reviews the work done by various researchers on optimizing key process parameters like extrusion temperature, layer thickness, infill percentage, infill pattern etc. in material extrusion 3D printing using thermoplastics like PLA, ABS and nylon. The effects of these parameters on properties like surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, mechanical strength are discussed. Statistical tools like Taguchi method and response surface methodology that have been applied for parameter optimization are also reviewed. The review highlights the need for further process optimization studies considering part design, build orientation and post processing to unleash the full potential of material extrusion 3D printing..

Impaired Ability in Visual-Spatial Attention in Chinese Children With Developmental Dyslexia.

A growing body of evidence suggests that children with dyslexia in alphabetic languages exhibit visual-spatial attention deficits that can obstruct reading acquisition by impairing their phonological decoding skills. However, it remains an open question whether these visual-spatial attention deficits are present in children with dyslexia in non-alphabetic languages. Chinese, with its logographic writing system, offers a unique opportunity to explore this question. The presence of visual-spatial attention deficits in Chinese children with dyslexia remains insufficiently investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether such deficits exist, employing a visual search paradigm. Three visual search tasks were conducted, encompassing two singleton feature search tasks and a serial conjunction search task. The results indicated that Chinese children with dyslexia performed as well as chronological age-matched control children in color search tasks but less effectively in orientation search, suggesting a difficulty in the rapid visual processing of orientation: a deficit potentially specific to Chinese dyslexia. Crucially, Chinese children with dyslexia also exhibited lower accuracy, longer reaction times, and steeper slopes in the reaction times by set size function in the conjunction search task compared to control children, which is indicative of a visual-spatial attention deficit.

Multi-build orientation effects on microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of truly as-built selective laser melting Ti6Al4V alloys

The unique combination of lightweight, strength, corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, and biocompatibility make Ti6Al4V alloy an important material in metal contact of solar cells, and selective laser melting (SLM) enables the production of Ti6Al4V parts complex geometries that would be difficult or impossible to produce using traditional manufacturing methods. The build orientation of SLM process presents an essential effect on the quality of the produced parts, and thus, in this study it investigates the impact of multi-build orientation (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of truly as-built Ti6Al4V alloys produced by SLM. The microstructure analysis revealed the presence of ordered subsurface pores, located at a distance of about 50 μm–150 μm from the sample surface. The microstructure consisted primarily of α′ martensite with a small amount of β phase. Massive transformation was observed in the 30° and 45° samples, with corresponding grain sizes of 5 μm and 10 μm, respectively. To be specific, the content of β phase and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) varied with the sample orientation, and the 45° build orientation exhibited the highest content of β phase with value of approximately 2.8%, but also the lowest UTS and elongation, which were 1161 MPa and 3.99%, respectively.

Comparison of incremental encoder digital signal processing techniques for theinduction motor flux-torque vector control systems

The articlepresents the results of a study on the effectiveness of varioustechniques forsynchronous reference frame angular position numerical calculation in flux-torque vector control system of induction motor.Investigation was caried out taking into account the discrete nature of the angular speedsignal obtained using an incremental encoder. In this workfor investigation by simulation useda direct torque vector control system, which, in the presence of an ideal rotor angular speedsignal, ensures direct asymptotic field orientation, asymptotic tracking of torque-flux referencetrajectories, as well as asymptotic decouplingtorque and flux subsystems. The parameters of the inductionmotor and encoder used in the study correspond to those existing in traction electromechanical systems of city trolleybuses. It is shown that the discrete nature of the angular speedsignal, which usedin synchronous reference frameposition equation of flux-torque vector control systems, introduces field orientation errors and leads to current and torque ripples, which in a real system increase acoustic noise and can cause mechanical vibrations and resonance phenomena. An analysis of possible ways to reduce the influence of the speed signal discreteness on flux-torque control is performed, and a method for practical implementation of the synchronous reference frame angular position numerical calculationis proposed. This method allows ensuring conditions for more precisefield orientation and, by using an additional filter for the angular speedsignal, reducing the level of current and torque ripplesto negligibly small values without affecting the field orientation processes. The proposed solution can be used in the development of high dynamicflux-torque vector control systems for inductionmotors using incremental encoders, including for electric vehicles.

Analysis of the Photogrammetric Use of 360-Degree Cameras in Complex Heritage-Related Scenes: Case of the Necropolis of Qubbet el-Hawa (Aswan Egypt).

This study shows the results of the analysis of the photogrammetric use of 360-degree cameras in complex heritage-related scenes. The goal is to take advantage of the large field of view provided by these sensors and reduce the number of images used to cover the entire scene compared to those needed using conventional cameras. We also try to minimize problems derived from camera geometry and lens characteristics. In this regard, we used a multi-sensor camera composed of six fisheye lenses, applying photogrammetric procedures to several funerary structures. The methodology includes the analysis of several types of spherical images obtained using different stitching techniques and the comparison of the results of image orientation processes considering these images and the original fisheye images. Subsequently, we analyze the possible use of the fisheye images to model complex scenes by reducing the use of ground control points, thus minimizing the need to apply surveying techniques to determine their coordinates. In this regard, we applied distance constraints based on a previous extrinsic calibration of the camera, obtaining results similar to those obtained using a traditional schema based on points. The results have allowed us to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each type of image and configuration, providing several recommendations regarding their use in complex scenes.

Electrochemistry of Molybdenum Single Crystals and Thin Wires in Cyanide and Gold Cyanide Electrolytes

Thin wires of molybdenum coated with gold are used for space applications and the adhesion of the gold layer is decisive for their use. The surface morphology of the wires is determined by the manufacturing process and preferential orientation of single crystal surfaces is expected. In this work three different single crystal surfaces were studied together with a 20 μm molybdenum wire to elucidate the importance of surface morphology on the electrodeposition process for gold. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to study the molybdenum samples in the absence and presence of gold cyanide complexes. The results show large pseudocapacitance prior to gold deposition, indicating the presence of a thin molybdenum oxide film on the surface. Thus, the electrodeposition takes place on the surface oxide and is afflicted with a nucleation overpotential. The overpotential is only slightly dependent on the single crystal orientation, while it is more negative for the wire. The adhesion of gold on the flat single crystal surfaces is weak but marginally better on the wire. This clearly shows that strong chemical binding to the surface is absent and that other processes, such as physical interlocking of the gold layer is necessary for good adhesion.

Evaluation of PET recyclability and characterization of modified reprocessed‐PET for industrial application

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in a variety of packaging applications, such as bottles, films, fibers, for its cost‐effective and excellent physical properties. However, the increase in plastic usage and packaging waste has become major global problems. Therefore, the importance of plastic recycling is being emphasized. In this study, the bottle‐grade PET was repeatedly melt processed up to three times to evaluate of PET recyclability. Intrinsic viscosity (IV) and mechanical properties have significantly decreased due to chain scission during the melt reprocessing. In particular, the IV of 3rP (reprocessing three times) decreased to 0.582 dL/g, and the mechanical properties decreased more than twice compared with 0rP. To enhance the physical properties of reprocessed PET (rP‐PET), it was modified using two chain extenders. The IV of the modified 3rP‐PET increased from 0.645 to 0.737 dL/g. And the tensile strength was improved up to approximately 93% of the 0rP properties, confirming the chain extension effect. Additionally, a biaxial orientation process was applied to confirm the feasibility of modified rP‐PET to various industrial packaging applications. Consequently, as the stretching ratio increased, the physical properties of modified rP‐PET improved, confirming the feasibility of rP‐PET in various packaging fields.

Hydrogen Bond-Mediated Strong Plasticization for High-Performance Alginate Plastics.

The increasingly severe plastic pollution has urged an inevitable trend to develop biodegradable plastic products that can take over synthetic plastics. As one of the most abundant natural polymers, polysaccharides are an ideal candidate to substitute synthetic plastics. The rigidity of polysaccharide chains principally allows for high strength and stiffness of their materials, however, challenges the facile orientation in material processing. Here, a general hydrogen bond-mediated plasticization strategy to regulate isotropic sodium alginate (SA) chains to a highly ordered state is developed, and alginate plastics with high performances are fabricated. It is revealed that hydroxyl groups in glycerol modulate the viscoelasticity of SA solids by forming strong hydrogen bonds with SA chains, achieving a large stretchability at a high solid content. Highly orientated alginate films exhibit a superior tensile strength of 575MPa and toughness of 60.7MJ m-3, outperforming most regenerated biomass films. The high solid content and large stretchability mediated by strong hydrogen bonding ensure plastic molding of solid-like SA with high fidelity. This hydrogen bond-mediated plasticity provides a facile but effective method to justify the high performances of polysaccharide-based plastics.

Climate transformation through feminist ethics of care

Aiming to mitigate negative impacts of climate change, climate adaptation policy and practice increasingly engages with nuanced and differentiated impacts of climate change. Existing adaptation approaches and research informing them largely focus on outcomes of climactic events, but lack consideration of power structures shaping these phenomena and experiences of them. From a feminist peace perspective, I posit that tackling intersectional violences of climate change necessitates greater engagement with underlying knowledge. This paper explores how ways of knowing climate change impact ways of living with it: analyzing the ground on which climate action interventions stand and the paths on which they set us.I theorize ‘climate transformation’ as processual shifts in ways of knowing a problem and solution toward norms of a feminist peace. Theory is developed abductively, based on original fieldwork in Puerto Rico and drawing on conflict transformation theory and elaborating knowledge production through feminist ethics of care. The model developed here enables analyzing orientations of current situations and change processes in relation to desirable futures. I find that actors involved in peace work and climate action in Puerto Rico foster transformation based on: caring in current relations and experience; caring through change processes affectively and reciprocally; and caring for a vision of the future through prefigurative and historicized imagination. The framework advances academic study and policy development on transformative climate action for tackling historic and intersectional violences to influence and enact particular visions of peace.

Role of Shape in Particle-Lipid Membrane Interactions: From Surfing to Full Engulfment.

Understanding and manipulating the interactions between foreign bodies and cell membranes during endo- and phagocytosis is of paramount importance, not only for the fate of living cells but also for numerous biomedical applications. This study aims to elucidate the role of variables such as anisotropic particle shape, curvature, orientation, membrane tension, and adhesive strength in this essential process using a minimal experimental biomimetic system comprising giant unilamellar vesicles and rod-like particles with different curvatures and aspect ratios. We find that the particle wrapping process is dictated by the balance between the elastic free energy penalty and adhesion free energy gain, leading to two distinct engulfment pathways, tip-first and side-first, emphasizing the significance of the particle orientation in determining the pathway. Moreover, our experimental results are consistent with theoretical predictions in a state diagram, showcasing how to control the wrapping pathway from surfing to partial to complete wrapping by the interplay between membrane tension and adhesive strength. At moderate particle concentrations, we observed the formation of rod clusters, which exhibited cooperative and sequential wrapping. Our study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic intricacies of endocytosis by highlighting how the interplay between the anisotropic particle shape, curvature, orientation, membrane tension, and adhesive strength can influence the engulfment pathway.

Creating and observing impacts in transdisciplinary projects ‐ Insights from the social design lab

Thorough yet feasible impact assessment concerns projects of all kinds, including transdisciplinary real-world labs. In many cases, ex-post impact analysis for accountability and reporting is the goal. However, the real-time impact observation methodology developed by the social design lab seeks to identify impacts, potentials, and changing needs during the course of the project, complemented by ex-ante and ex-post analysis. This allows for learning and prompt iteration of the research/project design.In this article, we reflect on approaches for creating and observing impact in transdisciplinary projects. Based on the insights from the work of the social design lab (sdl), we describe the demands for impact observation in a transdisciplinary project context ‐ enable strategic project iteration through real-time observation of achievements, challenges and potential, learn about impact patterns and record intangible forms of impact ‐ which created the need for developing a new methodology. We therefore outline the main elements of our impact observation methodology: ex-ante impact orientation, impact observation and reflection throughout the process as well as ex-post analysis. The sdl’s experience has shown that integrating impact observation into daily work is time-consuming but worthwhile. For us, impact observation is a central research tool for identifying social transformation and its potential, to account for organisations’ own activities and for supporting internal learning and project management processes.

Devised theatre methodology to promote creativity in school

ABSTRACT This study examines the use of a devised theatre methodology to develop more creativity in the professional learning community and among students. Data from focus groups in an action research project in an upper secondary school in Norway have been thematically analysed. Using the practice architecture theory, we identified three different practices: ‘creative practice’, ‘collective creative practice’ and ‘school practice’. The results show that devising methodology in the form of different production strategies, process orientation and a system of collective creative work promotes creativity in the professional learning community and for students. In addition, the methodology can be used to develop a teaching practice that promotes planning, imagination, and spontaneity in students, and contribute to a more equal guiding role in the form of guided improvisation from the teacher. The methodology can help teachers to foster discussions, understandings, develop concrete creative collaborations and promote democratic processes. The study points to tensions in teachers’ development of ‘creative practice’ and ‘collective creative practice’ in the face of a traditional ‘school practice’. The results are discussed using theories of devised theatre methodology, creativity, professional learning communities and practice architecture theory.

Uniaxial-Oriented Perovskite Films with Controllable Orientation.

Perovskite films with large crystal size, preferred orientation, and facile fabrication process, combining advantages of single-crystal and polycrystalline films, have gained considerable attention recently. However, there is little research on the facet properties of perovskite films. Here, (111)- and (001)-oriented perovskite films with bandgaps ranging from 1.53 to 1.77eV, and systematically investigated their orientation-dependent properties are achieved. The (111)-oriented films show electron-dominated traps and the (001)-oriented films show hole-dominated traps, which are related to their atomic arrangement at the surface. Compared with the (001)-oriented films, the (111)-oriented films exhibit lower work function and superior water/oxygen robustness. For the wide-bandgap films, the lattice of the (001)-oriented film provides an unobstructed passage for ion migration. Comparably, the (111)-oriented films exhibit suppressed ion migration and excellent phase stability. The optimized unencapsulated solar cells based on both (001) and (111) orientations show a similar high efficiency of ≈23%. The (111)-oriented solar cell exhibits excellent stability, maintaining 95% of its initial efficiency after 1500h maximum power point (MPP) tracking test, and 97% initial efficiency after 3000h aging in ambient conditions. This work paves the way for the rational design, controllable synthesis, and targeted optimization of uniaxial-oriented perovskite films for various electronic applications.

Study of Spatial Disorientation and Wayfinding Challenges in Buildings Using Axial Analysis: A Case of Hospital Buildings in Nigeria

All living creatures rely on spatial orientation to navigate through familiar environments. For humans, everyday activities depend on spatial orientation for navigating routes from outside locations to final destinations. The study suggests that the larger buildings get, the more the challenges of spatial orientation for their users. Likewise, building forms and configurations impact significantly on the course of wayfinding. In the case of hospitals, spatial configuration has been identified as significant in influencing human movements, performances of users and efficiency of services. This paper analyses the layout configurations of selected large hospital buildings in Nigeria using axial lines and relates the analysis with spatial orientation and wayfinding process. The aim of the study was to identify the extent of the impact of building layout configuration on spatial orientation and wayfinding process. The three large-sized hospitals selected for the study presented different scenarios which identified simplicities and complexities of building layout configurations as significant in the process of wayfinding. A comparative summary of the three hospitals in the study suggests that the less complex hospital layout presented the least spatial disorientation effect. This is mostly due to the linear sightlines utilized in the layout configuration design with fewer turns that enable visual connectivity to destination points thus indicating lesser challenges for wayfinding.

The Sima de los Huesos thorax and lumbar spine: Selected traits and state-of-the-art.

Information on the evolution of the thorax and lumbar spine in the genus Homo is hampered by a limited fossil record due to the inherent fragility of vertebrae and ribs. Neandertals show significant metric and morphological differences in these two anatomical regions, when compared to Homo sapiens. Thus, the important fossil record from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos (SH) not only offers important information on the evolution of these anatomical regions within the Neandertal lineage but also provides important clues to understand the evolution of these regions at the genus level. We present the current knowledge of the costal skeleton, and the thoracic and lumbar spine anatomy of the hominins found in Sima de los Huesos compared to that of Neandertals and modern humans. The current SH fossil record comprises 738 vertebral specimens representing a minimum of 70 cervical, 95 thoracic and 47 lumbar vertebrae, 652 rib fragments representing a minimum of 118 ribs, and 26 sternal fragments representing 4 sterna. The SH hominins exhibit a morphological pattern in their thorax and lumbar spine more similar to that of Neandertals than to that of H. sapiens, which is consistent with the phylogenetic position of these hominins. However, there are some differences between the SH hominins and Neandertals in these anatomical regions, primarily in the orientation of the lumbar transverse processes and in the robusticity of the second ribs. The presence of some but not all of the suite of Neandertal-derived features is consistent with the pattern found in the cranium and other postcranial regions of this population.