Process Of Uterine Involution Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis SUPPLEMENTATION ON UTERINE INVOLUTION PROCESS EVALUATED BY OESTRUS POST PARTUM BEHAVIOR AND FERNING

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Anrederacordifolia (Ten.) Steenissupplementation on uterine involution process in rabbit. The research design applied was completelyrandomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications (T0 = without Anredera cordifoliasupplementation; TI = Anredera cordifolia supplemented two days before parturition; T2 = Anrederacordifolia supplemented two days after parturition; T3 = Anredera cordifolia supplemented two daysbefore until two days after parturition). The results showed that Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenissupplementation could accelerate post partum oestrus in does that were characterized by post partumoestrus behavior, ferning of saliva and cervical mucus. The best treatment was T3, that was four daysAnredera cordifolia supplementation that was administered at 0.45 g/kg of body weight/day. Furtherresearch was needed to find an optimal dose of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis on uterine involution.

Change in Morphology and Oxytocin Receptor Expression in the Uterine Blood Vessels during the Involution Process

Background: The histological changes in uterine blood vessels during pregnancy have been well investigated, but there have been few reports focusing on the changes in blood vessels during the involution process, especially within the first 24 h. We observed the process of uterine involution, focusing on the vessels of the resected uterus. Methods: Paraffin-embedded uterine samples from 15 patients who underwent hysterectomy because of severe cervical laceration and uterine rupture were examined. The time between delivery and hysterectomy ranged from 15 min to 456 h. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, elastica-van Gieson and an antioxytocin receptor antibody. Results: Changes in the uterine vessels varied substantially based on their location. The intima in arteries of the endometrial side thickened within 5 h after delivery. On the serosal side, phlebosclerosis was demonstrated 6 weeks postpartum. Immunoreactivity for the oxytocin receptor (OTR) appeared in the muscular medias of arteries 5 h after delivery although it was not expressed before this period. Conclusion: Remodeling of uterine vessels involved thickening of the arterial intima and OTR expression in vessel walls during the first 5 h postpartum; the parameters normalized within 6 weeks. However, phlebosclerosis persisted for a long time on the serosal side.

Postpartum ultrasound in women with postpartum endometritis, after cesarean section and after manual evacuation of the placenta

To measure anteroposterior (AP) diameters, and to describe qualitative findings of the uterus and the uterine cavity in women with postpartum endometritis, after caesarean section (CS) and after manual evacuation of the placenta, and to compare these women with those in a normal puerperium. A prospective, descriptive, observational study of 103 postpartum women was conducted. Fifty-five women had clinical symptoms of postpartum endometritis, 28 had undergone CS, and 20 had manual placental evacuation. Ultrasound examinations were scheduled for days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 postpartum. Women with endometritis underwent their first examination on the day they presented with clinical symptoms. The AP diameters of the uterus and uterine cavity in all three groups overlapped considerably with the reference values. On day 56 postpartum, the uterus had achieved the same dimensions as found in our reference population. Compared with the reference group, during early puerperium, an empty cavity was less common among women with the three study conditions, and gas was present more often after CS and after manual evacuation of the placenta. An anteverted position of the uterus was less common among women with endometritis on day 14 and 28 postpartum, and among women delivered by CS on days 7, 14 and 28 postpartum. The incision site in the lower uterine segment was visible after CS. The ultrasonic findings in women with postpartum endometritis, after CS and after manual evacuation of the placenta, do not differ substantially from those during an uncomplicated puerperium. A delayed uterine involution process might explain the slight morphological differences observed.

Effects of two different prepartum diets on some metabolic traits and productive response in multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation

Twenty-six multiparous Italian Holstein cows were used to compare two feeding strategies for the prepartum period. Cows were allocated to two dietary treatments on the basis of their parity (3.1 ± 1.1) and mature equivalent production (11473 ± 1449 kg). From 20 ± 7 d precalving to the calving day, one group of 13 cows (parity = 3.1 ± 1.0; mature equivalent production = 11473 ± 1606 kg) was fed a Control diet made by mixing a 50:50 as fed combination of the far off dry ration and the lactation diet fed postpartum. The remaining cows (parity = 3.1 ± 1.1; mature equivalent production = 11473 ± 1338 kg) were fed a prepartum diet (Anionic) obtained by supplementing the far off dry ration with energy and protein sources plus calcium chloride. This diet had a lower dietary cation-anion difference than the Control diet (7.35 vs 26.66 meq/100 g DM; P<0.05) and it induced a significant decrease in the cows’ urine pH (7.58 vs 7.95; P<0.01). Cows fed the Anionic diet had the lowest DM intake during the prepartum (12.0 vs 13.4 kg/d; P<0.01), but at parturition they showed a limited drop in plasma Ca reducing the incidence of subclinical hypocalcaemia in comparison with the Control group (8 vs 62%; P<0.01). No differences due to the prepartum diet were observed for the plasma levels of several indicators of hepatic function (aspartate-amino transferase, ϒ-glutamil transferase, creatin-kinase and bilirubine). After calving, all the cows were co-mingled and fed the same lactation ration and those that had received the Anionic diet during the prepartum showed a significant increase in milk yield with no changes in milk quality. Average production at the peak of lactation was 43.8 kg/d for Control cows while it raised up to 47.8 kg/d (P<0.05) for the animals fed the Anionic diet during the prepartum. This positive result was obtained with a lower loss in cows’ body condition score measured at 30 and 60 days in milk and without any effect on the uterine involution process. The use of the Anionic diet has proven to be an effective alternative to the common practice of feeding close-up diets made by a partial replacement of the far off dry ration with the diet fed to the lactating cows. This strategy should be particularly recommended for dairy herds in which there is a great incidence of metabolic and health problems related to clinical or subclinical hypocalcaemia in the early postpartum.

Histochemical Observations during Uterine Involution in Meishan Pigs.

Postpartal changes of the endometrium in primiparous Meishan pigs during the process of uterine involution were examined by morphological and immunohistological methods. Reproductive organs were collected from lactating sows (Days 1, 13, 20 and 31 after parturition) and a weaned sow (weaned on Day 28 and sacrificed on Day 31 after parturition). Cryosectioned uterine tissues were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin for histological observations. To observe membranous extracellular matrix localization, samples were treated with antibodies against laminin and type IV collagen. The diameter of the uterine horn decreased dramatically by Day 13 and slightly decreased during Days 13 to 31 after parturition. Luminal and glandular epithelial cells were low and cuboidal during lactation but became highly columnar just after weaning. During lactation, laminin and type IV collagen were localized in a winding pattern in the basal lamina of the endometrial epithelium. After weaning, they were found in the basal lamina of the endometrial epithelium in a stratum. These results suggest that uterine involution is completed just after weaning.

Endocrine Aspects of Uterine Involution in the Cow

AbstractThe postpartum period (PP) (=puerperium) is characterized by involution of the uterus and recyclicity of the ovarian functions to prepare the animal for a new pregnancy period. The time required for the genital organs to become normalised is influenced by breed, management including feeding regimens and environmental factors. This period is also strongly influenced by periparturient diseases such as dystocia, paresis (puerperalis), mastitis, endometritis, etc. The period is also influenced by several hormonal changes. During the postpartum period in the cow, a massive release of PGF2α occurs concomitantly with the uterine involution. In cows with retained foetal membranes (RFM), a second pulsatile release of PGF2α is seen concomitant with the growth and final elimination of bacteria. A similar pattern is seen in cows with induced parturitions with e.g. dexamethasone, indicating the occurrence of RFM/endometritis as a consequence of the induction. The duration of these prostaglandin releases are negatively correlated to uterine involution in normal cows and positively correlated in cows with RFM/endometritis respectively. As long as the release is maintained, the cow is unable to ovulate and it therefore seems likely that PGF2α or other products in the arachidonic acid cascade can inhibit the ovarian activity. Onset of ovarian cyclicity influences to a high degree the uterine involution, however most common is that the first ovarian cycle is shorter than seen during the normal oestrous cycle. The uterine involution process can be enhanced by treatments with exogenous PGF2α‐ No effect on uterine involution in healthy cows, or a slight positive effect, is seen after treatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors (e.g. flunixin meglumine). The aim of this presentation is to review some of the knowledge of the interactions between the uterus and ovaries during the postpartum period in cattle.

Bacteriological investigation of the postpartum uterus: Relationship to involution and histopathological findings

A bacteriological investigation of the postpartum uteri of suckled and nonsuckled Bunaji (White Fulani) cows was undertaken to determine the microflora, the effect of suckling on the flora and the influence of the flora on uterine involution and histopathology. Uterine contamination by bacteria was highest between days 10 and 21 postpartum with Staphylococcus aureus being the commonest organism isolated. There was no consistent isolation of one type of bacterial organism from a cow throughout the sampling period. Suckling did not affect the incidence of uterine contamination by bacteria. Foci of leucocytes (mainly lymphocytes) were found in uterine sections in an increasing frequency with days postpartum. Bacteria were isolated from only 3 of the 12 uteri that had the leucocytic foci. Uterine involution was normal and complete by 25 days after calving irrespective of the presence or absence of bacteria or leucocytic foci. We concluded that postpartum uterine contamination by bacteria was not influenced by suckling and that puerperal uterine contamination by bacteria did not interfere with the normal process and duration of uterine involution.

Effects of Magnesium Deficiency on Parturition and Uterine Involution in the Rat

The effects of moderate magnesium deficiency on the outcome of pregnancy, the process of parturition and uterine involution, were studied in successive experiments using Sherman rats. Females were fed purified diets containing 0.110 or 1.500 g Mg/kg throughout pregnancy and lactation. This magnesium deficient diet decreased the plasma magnesium but did not affect the number of pregnant rats or the weight of females at parturition. There was no change in the weight and size of litter. The number of still births was not significantly increased. The parturition process was observed; abdominal contractions were less obvious in deficient animals than in controls, and they were often not noticeable. Parturition was slightly lengthened in deficient rats. The major effects of magnesium deficiency occurred during lactation when the dam lost weight and the growth of her young was reduced. The uterine weight and its collagen content was higher and the collagen solubility was lower in the deficient rats than in controls between 2 and 10 days post partum. The delay in uterine involution could be prevented by provision of a magnesium supplement after parturition.